2.3.5 Windows 安装后程序

现有的 GUI 工具可以执行本节中描述的大部分任务，其中包括：

• MySQL 配置器：用于配置 MySQL 服务器。

• MySQL Workbench：管理 MySQL 服务器并编辑 SQL 语句。

如果需要，初始化数据目录并创建 MySQL 授权表。MySQL Configurator 执行的 Windows 安装操作可以自动初始化数据目录。对于从 ZIP 存档包安装，请按照第 2.9.1 节“初始化数据目录”中所述初始化数据目录。

关于密码，如果您使用 MySQL 配置器配置了 MySQL，则可能已经为初始 root帐户分配了密码。（请参见 第 2.3.2 节“配置：使用 MySQL 配置器” 。）否则，请使用第 2.9.4 节“保护初始 MySQL 帐户”中提供的密码分配过程 。

在分配密码之前，您可能需要尝试运行一些客户端程序，以确保您可以连接到服务器并且服务器正常运行。确保服务器正在运行（请参见第 2.3.3.5 节“首次启动服务器”）。您还可以设置在 Windows 启动时自动运行的 MySQL 服务（请参见第 2.3.3.8 节“将 MySQL 作为 Windows 服务启动”）。

这些说明假设您当前的位置是 MySQL 安装目录，并且它有一个bin 包含此处使用的 MySQL 程序的子目录。如果不是这样，请相应地调整命令路径名。

如果您使用 MSI 安装 MySQL，则默认安装目录是C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 9.0：

<span style="background-color:#ffffff"><span style="color:#555555"><span style="background-color:#f8f8f8"><span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-terminal"><span style="color:#a67f59">C:\></span><span style="color:#0077aa"> cd</span> <span style="color:#0077aa">"C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 9.0"</span></code></span></span></span></span>

从 ZIP 存档进行安装的常见安装位置是C:\mysql：

<span style="background-color:#ffffff"><span style="color:#555555"><span style="background-color:#f8f8f8"><span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-terminal"><span style="color:#a67f59">C:\></span><span style="color:#0077aa"> cd</span> C<span style="color:#999999">:</span>\mysql</code></span></span></span></span>

或者，将bin目录添加到 PATH环境变量设置中。这样，命令解释器就可以正确找到 MySQL 程序，这样您只需键入程序名称（而不是路径名）即可运行该程序。请参见第 2.3.3.7 节“自定义 MySQL 工具的 PATH”。

在服务器运行时，发出以下命令来验证是否可以从服务器检索信息。输出应类似于此处显示的输出。

使用mysqlshow查看存在哪些数据库：

<span style="background-color:#ffffff"><span style="color:#555555"><span style="background-color:#f8f8f8"><span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-terminal"><span style="color:#a67f59">C:\></span><span style="color:#0077aa"> bin\mysqlshow</span>
<span style="color:#555555"><span style="color:#999999">+</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">+</span></span>
<span style="color:#555555"><span style="color:#999999">|</span>     Databases      <span style="color:#999999">|</span></span>
<span style="color:#555555"><span style="color:#999999">+</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">+</span></span>
<span style="color:#555555"><span style="color:#999999">|</span> information_schema <span style="color:#999999">|</span></span>
<span style="color:#555555"><span style="color:#999999">|</span> mysql              <span style="color:#999999">|</span></span>
<span style="color:#555555"><span style="color:#999999">|</span> performance_schema <span style="color:#999999">|</span></span>
<span style="color:#555555"><span style="color:#999999">|</span> sys                <span style="color:#999999">|</span></span>
<span style="color:#555555"><span style="color:#999999">+</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">+</span></span></code></span></span></span></span>

已安装数据库的列表可能会有所不同，但始终至少包含mysql和 information_schema。

如果不存在正确的 MySQL 帐户， 上述命令（以及其他 MySQL 程序（如mysqlroot ）的命令）可能无法工作。例如，程序可能会因错误而失败，或者您可能无法查看所有数据库。如果您使用 MySQL Configurator 配置了 MySQL，则会自动使用您提供的密码创建用户。在这种情况下，您应该使用-u root和 -p选项。（如果您已经保护了初始 MySQL 帐户，则必须使用这些选项。）使用 -p，客户端程序会提示输入 root密码。例如：

<span style="background-color:#ffffff"><span style="color:#555555"><span style="background-color:#f8f8f8"><span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-terminal"><span style="color:#a67f59">C:\></span><span style="color:#0077aa"> bin\mysqlshow</span> <span style="color:#990055">-u</span> root <span style="color:#990055">-p</span>
Enter password<span style="color:#999999">:</span> <em><span style="color:#999999">(</span>enter root password here<span style="color:#999999">)</span></em>
<span style="color:#555555"><span style="color:#999999">+</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">+</span></span>
<span style="color:#555555"><span style="color:#999999">|</span>     Databases      <span style="color:#999999">|</span></span>
<span style="color:#555555"><span style="color:#999999">+</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">+</span></span>
<span style="color:#555555"><span style="color:#999999">|</span> information_schema <span style="color:#999999">|</span></span>
<span style="color:#555555"><span style="color:#999999">|</span> mysql              <span style="color:#999999">|</span></span>
<span style="color:#555555"><span style="color:#999999">|</span> performance_schema <span style="color:#999999">|</span></span>
<span style="color:#555555"><span style="color:#999999">|</span> sys                <span style="color:#999999">|</span></span>
<span style="color:#555555"><span style="color:#999999">+</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">+</span></span></code></span></span></span></span>

如果指定数据库名称，mysqlshow 将显示数据库内的表列表：

<span style="background-color:#ffffff"><span style="color:#555555"><span style="background-color:#f8f8f8"><span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-terminal"><span style="color:#a67f59">C:\></span><span style="color:#0077aa"> bin\mysqlshow</span> mysql
Database<span style="color:#999999">:</span> mysql
<span style="color:#555555"><span style="color:#999999">+</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">+</span></span>
<span style="color:#555555"><span style="color:#999999">|</span>          Tables           <span style="color:#999999">|</span></span>
<span style="color:#555555"><span style="color:#999999">+</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">+</span></span>
<span style="color:#555555"><span style="color:#999999">|</span> columns_priv              <span style="color:#999999">|</span></span>
<span style="color:#555555"><span style="color:#999999">|</span> component                 <span style="color:#999999">|</span></span>
<span style="color:#555555"><span style="color:#999999">|</span> db                        <span style="color:#999999">|</span></span>
<span style="color:#555555"><span style="color:#999999">|</span> default_roles             <span style="color:#999999">|</span></span>
<span style="color:#555555"><span style="color:#999999">|</span> engine_cost               <span style="color:#999999">|</span></span>
<span style="color:#555555"><span style="color:#999999">|</span> func                      <span style="color:#999999">|</span></span>
<span style="color:#555555"><span style="color:#999999">|</span> general_log               <span style="color:#999999">|</span></span>
<span style="color:#555555"><span style="color:#999999">|</span> global_grants             <span style="color:#999999">|</span></span>
<span style="color:#555555"><span style="color:#999999">|</span> gtid_executed             <span style="color:#999999">|</span></span>
<span style="color:#555555"><span style="color:#999999">|</span> help_category             <span style="color:#999999">|</span></span>
<span style="color:#555555"><span style="color:#999999">|</span> help_keyword              <span style="color:#999999">|</span></span>
<span style="color:#555555"><span style="color:#999999">|</span> help_relation             <span style="color:#999999">|</span></span>
<span style="color:#555555"><span style="color:#999999">|</span> help_topic                <span style="color:#999999">|</span></span>
<span style="color:#555555"><span style="color:#999999">|</span> innodb_index_stats        <span style="color:#999999">|</span></span>
<span style="color:#555555"><span style="color:#999999">|</span> innodb_table_stats        <span style="color:#999999">|</span></span>
<span style="color:#555555"><span style="color:#999999">|</span> ndb_binlog_index          <span style="color:#999999">|</span></span>
<span style="color:#555555"><span style="color:#999999">|</span> password_history          <span style="color:#999999">|</span></span>
<span style="color:#555555"><span style="color:#999999">|</span> plugin                    <span style="color:#999999">|</span></span>
<span style="color:#555555"><span style="color:#999999">|</span> procs_priv                <span style="color:#999999">|</span></span>
<span style="color:#555555"><span style="color:#999999">|</span> proxies_priv              <span style="color:#999999">|</span></span>
<span style="color:#555555"><span style="color:#999999">|</span> role_edges                <span style="color:#999999">|</span></span>
<span style="color:#555555"><span style="color:#999999">|</span> server_cost               <span style="color:#999999">|</span></span>
<span style="color:#555555"><span style="color:#999999">|</span> servers                   <span style="color:#999999">|</span></span>
<span style="color:#555555"><span style="color:#999999">|</span> slave_master_info         <span style="color:#999999">|</span></span>
<span style="color:#555555"><span style="color:#999999">|</span> slave_relay_log_info      <span style="color:#999999">|</span></span>
<span style="color:#555555"><span style="color:#999999">|</span> slave_worker_info         <span style="color:#999999">|</span></span>
<span style="color:#555555"><span style="color:#999999">|</span> slow_log                  <span style="color:#999999">|</span></span>
<span style="color:#555555"><span style="color:#999999">|</span> tables_priv               <span style="color:#999999">|</span></span>
<span style="color:#555555"><span style="color:#999999">|</span> time_zone                 <span style="color:#999999">|</span></span>
<span style="color:#555555"><span style="color:#999999">|</span> time_zone_leap_second     <span style="color:#999999">|</span></span>
<span style="color:#555555"><span style="color:#999999">|</span> time_zone_name            <span style="color:#999999">|</span></span>
<span style="color:#555555"><span style="color:#999999">|</span> time_zone_transition      <span style="color:#999999">|</span></span>
<span style="color:#555555"><span style="color:#999999">|</span> time_zone_transition_type <span style="color:#999999">|</span></span>
<span style="color:#555555"><span style="color:#999999">|</span> user                      <span style="color:#999999">|</span></span>
<span style="color:#555555"><span style="color:#999999">+</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">+</span></span></code></span></span></span></span>

使用mysql程序从数据库的表中选择信息mysql：

<span style="background-color:#ffffff"><span style="color:#555555"><span style="background-color:#f8f8f8"><span style="color:#000000"><code class="language-terminal"><span style="color:#a67f59">C:\></span><span style="color:#0077aa"> bin\mysql</span> <span style="color:#990055">-e</span> <span style="color:#0077aa">"SELECT User, Host, plugin FROM mysql.user"</span> mysql
<span style="color:#555555"><span style="color:#999999">+</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">+</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">+</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">+</span></span>
<span style="color:#555555"><span style="color:#999999">|</span> User <span style="color:#999999">|</span> Host      <span style="color:#999999">|</span> plugin                <span style="color:#999999">|</span></span>
<span style="color:#555555"><span style="color:#999999">+</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">+</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">+</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">+</span></span>
<span style="color:#555555"><span style="color:#999999">|</span> root <span style="color:#999999">|</span> localhost <span style="color:#999999">|</span> caching_sha2_password <span style="color:#999999">|</span></span>
<span style="color:#555555"><span style="color:#999999">+</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">+</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">+</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">-</span><span style="color:#999999">+</span></span></code></span></span></span></span>

有关mysql和 mysqlshow的更多信息，请参见第 6.5.1 节“mysql - MySQL 命令行客户端”和 第 6.5.6 节“mysqlshow - 显示数据库、表和列信息”。