转自:点击打开链接
那句话怎么讲来着的...
引用
如果你爱他,就请让他用Maven,因为那里是天堂,如果你恨他,就请让他用Maven,因为那里是地狱.
Maven对于新手来说是《步步惊心》,因为它包罗万象,博大精深,因为当你初来乍到时,你就像一个进入森林的陌生访客一样迷茫。
Maven对于老手来说是《真爱配方》,因为它无所不能,利如刀锋,使用Maven做开发,如饮美酒如悦美人。
Maven对于新手来说,最痛苦的一件事莫过于包之间的冲突,由于Maven的依赖传递性,当你引入一个依赖类时,其身后的依赖类也一起如过江之鲫纷至沓来了。
举个栗子
A依赖于B及C,而B又依赖于X、Y,而C依赖于X、M,则A除引B及C的依赖包下,还会引入X,Y,M的依赖包(一般情况下了,Maven可通过<scope>等若干种方式控制传递依赖)。
这里有一个需要特别注意的,即B和C同时依赖于X,假设B依赖于X的1.0版本,而C依赖于X的2.0版本,A究竟依赖于X的1.0还是2.0版本呢?
这就看Classloader的加载顺序了,假设Classloader先加载X_1.0,而它就不会再加载X_2.0了,如果A恰恰希望使用X_2.0呢,血案就这样不期而遇了。
我常抡的三板斧
第一板斧:找到传递依赖的鬼出在哪里?
dependency:tree 是把照妖照,pom.xml用它照照,所有传递性依赖都将无处遁形,并且会以层级树方式展现,非常直观。
以下就是执行 dependency:tree 后的一个输出:
引用
[INFO] --- maven-dependency-plugin:2.1:tree (default-cli) @ euler-foundation ---
[INFO] com.hsit:euler-foundation:jar:0.9.0.1-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] +- com.rop:rop:jar:1.0.1:compile
[INFO] | +- org.slf4j:slf4j-api:jar:1.7.5:compile
[INFO] | +- org.slf4j:slf4j-log4j12:jar:1.7.5:compile
[INFO] | +- log4j:log4j:jar:1.2.16:compile
[INFO] | +- commons-lang:commons-lang:jar:2.6:compile
[INFO] | +- commons-codec:commons-codec:jar:1.6:compile
[INFO] | +- javax.validation:validation-api:jar:1.0.0.GA:compile
[INFO] | +- org.hibernate:hibernate-validator:jar:4.2.0.Final:compile
[INFO] | +- org.codehaus.jackson:jackson-core-asl:jar:1.9.5:compile
[INFO] | +- org.codehaus.jackson:jackson-mapper-asl:jar:1.9.5:compile
[INFO] | +- org.codehaus.jackson:jackson-jaxrs:jar:1.9.5:compile
[INFO] | +- org.codehaus.jackson:jackson-xc:jar:1.9.5:compile
[INFO] | \- com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat:jackson-dataformat-xml:jar:2.2.3:compile
[INFO] | +- com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-core:jar:2.2.3:compile
[INFO] | +- com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-annotations:jar:2.2.3:compile
[INFO] | +- com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-databind:jar:2.2.3:compile
[INFO] | +- com.fasterxml.jackson.module:jackson-module-jaxb-annotations:jar:2.2.3:compile
[INFO] | \- org.codehaus.woodstox:stax2-api:jar:3.1.1:compile
[INFO] | \- javax.xml.stream:stax-api:jar:1.0-2:compile
刚才吹嘘 dependency:tree 时,我用到了“无处遁形”,其实有时你会发现简单地用 dependency:tree 往往并不能查看到所有的传递依赖。不过如果你真的想要看所有的,必须得加一个 -Dverbose 参数,这时就必定是最全的了。
全是全了,但显示出来的东西太多,头晕目眩,有没有好法呢?当然有了,加上 Dincludes 或者 Dexcludes 说出你喜欢或讨厌, dependency:tree 就会帮你过滤出来:
引用
Dincludes=org.springframework:spring-tx
过滤串使用groupId:artifactId:version的方式进行过滤,可以不写全啦,如:
- mvn dependency:tree -Dverbose -Dincludes=asm:asm
就会出来asm依赖包的分析信息:
引用
[INFO] --- maven-dependency-plugin:2.1:tree (default-cli) @ ridge-test ---
[INFO] com.ridge:ridge-test:jar:1.0.2-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] +- asm:asm:jar:3.2:compile
[INFO] \- org.unitils:unitils-dbmaintainer:jar:3.3:compile
[INFO] \- org.hibernate:hibernate:jar:3.2.5.ga:compile
[INFO] +- cglib:cglib:jar:2.1_3:compile
[INFO] | \- (asm:asm:jar:1.5.3:compile - omitted for conflict with 3.2)
[INFO] \- (asm:asm:jar:1.5.3:compile - omitted for conflict with 3.2)
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
对asm有依赖有一个直接的依赖(asm:asm:jar:3.2)还有一个传递进入的依赖(asm:asm:jar:1.5.3)
第二板斧:将不想要的传递依赖剪除掉
承上,假设我们不希望asm:asm:jar:1.5.3出现,根据分析,我们知道它是经由org.unitils:unitils-dbmaintainer:jar:3.3引入的,那么在pom.xml中找到这个依赖,做其它的调整:
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.unitils</groupId>
- <artifactId>unitils-dbmaintainer</artifactId>
- <version>${unitils.version}</version>
- <exclusions>
- <exclusion>
- <artifactId>dbunit</artifactId>
- <groupId>org.dbunit</groupId>
- </exclusion>
- <!-- 这个就是我们要加的片断 -->
- <exclusion>
- <artifactId>asm</artifactId>
- <groupId>asm</groupId>
- </exclusion>
- </exclusions>
- </dependency>
再分析一下,你可以看到传递依赖没有了:
- [INFO]
- [INFO] --- maven-dependency-plugin:2.1:tree (default-cli) @ ridge-test ---
- [INFO] com.ridge:ridge-test:jar:1.0.2-SNAPSHOT
- [INFO] \- asm:asm:jar:3.2:compile
- [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
- [INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
第三板斧:查看运行期类来源的JAR包
有时,你以为解决了,但是偏偏还是报类包冲突(典型症状是java.lang.ClassNotFoundException或Method不兼容等异常),这时你可以设置一个断点,在断点处通过下面这个我做的工具类来查看Class所来源的JAR包:
- package com.ridge.util;
- import java.io.File;
- import java.net.MalformedURLException;
- import java.net.URL;
- import java.security.CodeSource;
- import java.security.ProtectionDomain;
- /**
- * @author : chenxh
- * @date: 13-10-31
- */
- public class ClassLocationUtils {
- /**
- * 获取类所有的路径
- * @param cls
- * @return
- */
- public static String where(final Class cls) {
- if (cls == null)throw new IllegalArgumentException("null input: cls");
- URL result = null;
- final String clsAsResource = cls.getName().replace('.', '/').concat(".class");
- final ProtectionDomain pd = cls.getProtectionDomain();
- if (pd != null) {
- final CodeSource cs = pd.getCodeSource();
- if (cs != null) result = cs.getLocation();
- if (result != null) {
- if ("file".equals(result.getProtocol())) {
- try {
- if (result.toExternalForm().endsWith(".jar") ||
- result.toExternalForm().endsWith(".zip"))
- result = new URL("jar:".concat(result.toExternalForm())
- .concat("!/").concat(clsAsResource));
- else if (new File(result.getFile()).isDirectory())
- result = new URL(result, clsAsResource);
- }
- catch (MalformedURLException ignore) {}
- }
- }
- }
- if (result == null) {
- final ClassLoader clsLoader = cls.getClassLoader();
- result = clsLoader != null ?
- clsLoader.getResource(clsAsResource) :
- ClassLoader.getSystemResource(clsAsResource);
- }
- return result.toString();
- }
- }
随便写一个测试,设置好断点,在执行到断点处按alt+F8动态执行代码(intelij idea),假设我们输入:
- ClassLocationUtils.where(org.objectweb.asm.ClassVisitor.class)
即可马上查出类对应的JAR了:
这就是org.objectweb.asm.ClassVisitor类在运行期对应的JAR包,如果这个JAR包版本不是你期望你,就说明是你的IDE缓存造成的,这时建议你Reimport一下maven列表就可以了,如下所示(idea):
Reimport一下,IDE会强制根据新的pom.xml设置重新分析并加载依赖类包,以得到和pom.xml设置相同的依赖。(这一步非常重要哦,经常项目组pom.xml是相同的,但是就是有些人可以运行,有些人不能运行,俗称人品问题,其实都是IDE的缓存造成的了 )
转自:点击打开链接
使用maven最烦人的可能就是类包之间的版本冲突引发的问题了,类包冲突的一个很大的原因即产类包之间的间接依赖引起的。每个显式声明的类包都会依赖于一些其它的隐式类包,这些隐式的类包会被maven间接引入进来,因而可能造成一个我们不想要的类包的载入,严重的甚至会引起类包之间的冲突。
要解决这个问题,首先就是要查看pom.xml显式和隐式的依赖类包,然后通过这个类包树找出我们不想要的依赖类包,手工将其排除在外就可以了。
下面,通过一个例子来说明:
我的项目使用testng进行测试,使用了untilis,由于unitils的类包会隐式依赖于junit,这是我不想看到的,下面的目的就是找出junit会谁隐式载入了,然后exculte掉它。
通过idea的maven依赖分析将不需要的依赖exclude掉
打开maven的pom.xml,在某个<dependency>中通过右键菜单:maven->show dependency 打开分析的图形化页面,如下所示:
通过菜单的exclude即解决这个间接依赖。
通过这个依赖树,我们还可以看到Junit还通过“unitils-spring”的依赖间接载入了,如下所示:
从上面的依赖树中,我们可以看出junit通过unitils-spring的unitils-database间接引入了,由于我的项目都不需要数据库的测试,因此,可以把unitils-database项整个exclude掉。
下面,是处理完成后的pom.xml关键片断:
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.unitils</groupId>
- <artifactId>unitils-testng</artifactId>
- <version>${unitils.version}</version>
- <scope>test</scope>
- <exclusions>
- <exclusion>
- <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
- <groupId>junit</groupId>
- </exclusion>
- </exclusions>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.unitils</groupId>
- <artifactId>unitils-spring</artifactId>
- <version>${unitils.version}</version>
- <scope>test</scope>
- <exclusions>
- <exclusion>
- <artifactId>unitils-database</artifactId>
- <groupId>org.unitils</groupId>
- </exclusion>
- </exclusions>
- </dependency>
- </dependencies>
这样,被间接隐式引入的junit就被我们exclude在外了。
有时通过idea的依赖分析工具产生的树不够全,这时就需要使用mvn dependency:tree来查看依赖树了。
通过mvn dependency:tree 查看依赖树
引用
mvn dependency:tree
以下是使用这个工具产生的依赖树:
引用
E:\01workspace\chenxh\09research\rop\rop>mvn dependency:tree
[WARNING]
[WARNING] Some problems were encountered while building the effective settings
[WARNING] 'pluginRepositories.pluginRepository.id' must not be 'local', this identifier is reserved for the local re
tory, using it for other repositories will corrupt your repository metadata. @ C:\Users\Administrator\.m2\settings.x
[WARNING]
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building rop 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-dependency-plugin:2.1:tree (default-cli) @ rop ---
[INFO] com.rop:rop:jar:1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] +- javax.validation:validation-api:jar:1.0.0.GA:compile
[INFO] +- org.hibernate:hibernate-validator:jar:4.2.0.Final:compile
[INFO] +- org.codehaus.jackson:jackson-core-asl:jar:1.9.5:compile
[INFO] +- org.codehaus.jackson:jackson-mapper-asl:jar:1.9.5:compile
[INFO] +- org.codehaus.jackson:jackson-jaxrs:jar:1.9.5:compile
[INFO] +- org.codehaus.jackson:jackson-xc:jar:1.9.5:compile
[INFO] +- com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat:jackson-dataformat-xml:jar:2.0.0-RC2:compile
[INFO] | +- com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-core:jar:2.0.0-RC2:compile
[INFO] | +- com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-annotations:jar:2.0.0-RC2:compile
[INFO] | +- com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-databind:jar:2.0.0-RC2:compile
[INFO] | +- com.fasterxml.jackson.module:jackson-module-jaxb-annotations:jar:2.0.0-RC2:compile
[INFO] | \- org.codehaus.woodstox:stax2-api:jar:3.1.1:compile
[INFO] | \- javax.xml.stream:stax-api:jar:1.0-2:compile
[INFO] +- org.slf4j:slf4j-api:jar:1.6.1:compile
[INFO] +- org.slf4j:slf4j-log4j12:jar:1.6.1:compile
[INFO] +- log4j:log4j:jar:1.2.16:compile
[INFO] +- org.springframework:spring-core:jar:3.1.1.RELEASE:compile
[INFO] | +- org.springframework:spring-asm:jar:3.1.1.RELEASE:compile
[INFO] | \- commons-logging:commons-logging:jar:1.1.1:compile
[INFO] +- org.springframework:spring-context:jar:3.1.1.RELEASE:compile
[INFO] | +- org.springframework:spring-aop:jar:3.1.1.RELEASE:compile
[INFO] | +- org.springframework:spring-beans:jar:3.1.1.RELEASE:compile
[INFO] | \- org.springframework:spring-expression:jar:3.1.1.RELEASE:compile
[INFO] +- org.springframework:spring-context-support:jar:3.1.1.RELEASE:compile
[INFO] +- org.springframework:spring-web:jar:3.1.1.RELEASE:compile
[INFO] | \- aopalliance:aopalliance:jar:1.0:compile
[INFO] +- org.springframework:spring-test:jar:3.1.1.RELEASE:compile
[INFO] +- org.springframework:spring-webmvc:jar:3.1.1.RELEASE:compile
[INFO] +- org.testng:testng:jar:6.3:test
[INFO] | +- org.beanshell:bsh:jar:2.0b4:test
[INFO] | +- com.beust:jcommander:jar:1.12:test
[INFO] | \- org.yaml:snakeyaml:jar:1.6:test
[INFO] +- org.mockito:mockito-all:jar:1.8.5:test
[INFO] +- javax.servlet:servlet-api:jar:2.5:provided
[INFO] +- org.unitils:unitils-core:jar:3.3:test
[INFO] | +- commons-lang:commons-lang:jar:2.3:test
[INFO] | +- commons-collections:commons-collections:jar:3.2:test
[INFO] | \- ognl:ognl:jar:2.6.9:test
[INFO] +- org.unitils:unitils-testng:jar:3.3:test
[INFO] | \- org.testng:testng:jar:jdk15:5.8:test
[INFO] | \- junit:junit:jar:3.8.1:test
[INFO] \- org.unitils:unitils-spring:jar:3.3:test
[INFO] +- org.springframework:spring-tx:jar:2.5.2:test
[INFO] \- org.unitils:unitils-database:jar:3.3:test
[INFO] +- org.unitils:unitils-dbmaintainer:jar:3.3:test
[INFO] | +- org.hibernate:hibernate:jar:3.2.5.ga:test
[INFO] | | +- net.sf.ehcache:ehcache:jar:1.2.3:test
[INFO] | | +- asm:asm-attrs:jar:1.5.3:test
[INFO] | | +- dom4j:dom4j:jar:1.6.1:test
[INFO] | | +- antlr:antlr:jar:2.7.6:test
[INFO] | | +- cglib:cglib:jar:2.1_3:test
[INFO] | | \- asm:asm:jar:1.5.3:test
[INFO] | \- org.dbunit:dbunit:jar:2.2.2:test
[INFO] | +- junit-addons:junit-addons:jar:1.4:test
[INFO] | | +- xerces:xercesImpl:jar:2.6.2:test
[INFO] | | \- xerces:xmlParserAPIs:jar:2.6.2:test
[INFO] | +- poi:poi:jar:2.5.1-final-20040804:test
[INFO] | \- org.slf4j:slf4j-nop:jar:1.4.3:test
[INFO] +- commons-dbcp:commons-dbcp:jar:1.2.2:test
[INFO] | \- commons-pool:commons-pool:jar:1.3:test
[INFO] \- org.springframework:spring-jdbc:jar:2.5.2:test
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 8.250s
[INFO] Finished at: Fri Jun 08 09:08:09 CST 2012
[INFO] Final Memory: 7M/245M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[WARNING]
[WARNING] Some problems were encountered while building the effective settings
[WARNING] 'pluginRepositories.pluginRepository.id' must not be 'local', this identifier is reserved for the local re
tory, using it for other repositories will corrupt your repository metadata. @ C:\Users\Administrator\.m2\settings.x
[WARNING]
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building rop 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-dependency-plugin:2.1:tree (default-cli) @ rop ---
[INFO] com.rop:rop:jar:1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] +- javax.validation:validation-api:jar:1.0.0.GA:compile
[INFO] +- org.hibernate:hibernate-validator:jar:4.2.0.Final:compile
[INFO] +- org.codehaus.jackson:jackson-core-asl:jar:1.9.5:compile
[INFO] +- org.codehaus.jackson:jackson-mapper-asl:jar:1.9.5:compile
[INFO] +- org.codehaus.jackson:jackson-jaxrs:jar:1.9.5:compile
[INFO] +- org.codehaus.jackson:jackson-xc:jar:1.9.5:compile
[INFO] +- com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat:jackson-dataformat-xml:jar:2.0.0-RC2:compile
[INFO] | +- com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-core:jar:2.0.0-RC2:compile
[INFO] | +- com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-annotations:jar:2.0.0-RC2:compile
[INFO] | +- com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-databind:jar:2.0.0-RC2:compile
[INFO] | +- com.fasterxml.jackson.module:jackson-module-jaxb-annotations:jar:2.0.0-RC2:compile
[INFO] | \- org.codehaus.woodstox:stax2-api:jar:3.1.1:compile
[INFO] | \- javax.xml.stream:stax-api:jar:1.0-2:compile
[INFO] +- org.slf4j:slf4j-api:jar:1.6.1:compile
[INFO] +- org.slf4j:slf4j-log4j12:jar:1.6.1:compile
[INFO] +- log4j:log4j:jar:1.2.16:compile
[INFO] +- org.springframework:spring-core:jar:3.1.1.RELEASE:compile
[INFO] | +- org.springframework:spring-asm:jar:3.1.1.RELEASE:compile
[INFO] | \- commons-logging:commons-logging:jar:1.1.1:compile
[INFO] +- org.springframework:spring-context:jar:3.1.1.RELEASE:compile
[INFO] | +- org.springframework:spring-aop:jar:3.1.1.RELEASE:compile
[INFO] | +- org.springframework:spring-beans:jar:3.1.1.RELEASE:compile
[INFO] | \- org.springframework:spring-expression:jar:3.1.1.RELEASE:compile
[INFO] +- org.springframework:spring-context-support:jar:3.1.1.RELEASE:compile
[INFO] +- org.springframework:spring-web:jar:3.1.1.RELEASE:compile
[INFO] | \- aopalliance:aopalliance:jar:1.0:compile
[INFO] +- org.springframework:spring-test:jar:3.1.1.RELEASE:compile
[INFO] +- org.springframework:spring-webmvc:jar:3.1.1.RELEASE:compile
[INFO] +- org.testng:testng:jar:6.3:test
[INFO] | +- org.beanshell:bsh:jar:2.0b4:test
[INFO] | +- com.beust:jcommander:jar:1.12:test
[INFO] | \- org.yaml:snakeyaml:jar:1.6:test
[INFO] +- org.mockito:mockito-all:jar:1.8.5:test
[INFO] +- javax.servlet:servlet-api:jar:2.5:provided
[INFO] +- org.unitils:unitils-core:jar:3.3:test
[INFO] | +- commons-lang:commons-lang:jar:2.3:test
[INFO] | +- commons-collections:commons-collections:jar:3.2:test
[INFO] | \- ognl:ognl:jar:2.6.9:test
[INFO] +- org.unitils:unitils-testng:jar:3.3:test
[INFO] | \- org.testng:testng:jar:jdk15:5.8:test
[INFO] | \- junit:junit:jar:3.8.1:test
[INFO] \- org.unitils:unitils-spring:jar:3.3:test
[INFO] +- org.springframework:spring-tx:jar:2.5.2:test
[INFO] \- org.unitils:unitils-database:jar:3.3:test
[INFO] +- org.unitils:unitils-dbmaintainer:jar:3.3:test
[INFO] | +- org.hibernate:hibernate:jar:3.2.5.ga:test
[INFO] | | +- net.sf.ehcache:ehcache:jar:1.2.3:test
[INFO] | | +- asm:asm-attrs:jar:1.5.3:test
[INFO] | | +- dom4j:dom4j:jar:1.6.1:test
[INFO] | | +- antlr:antlr:jar:2.7.6:test
[INFO] | | +- cglib:cglib:jar:2.1_3:test
[INFO] | | \- asm:asm:jar:1.5.3:test
[INFO] | \- org.dbunit:dbunit:jar:2.2.2:test
[INFO] | +- junit-addons:junit-addons:jar:1.4:test
[INFO] | | +- xerces:xercesImpl:jar:2.6.2:test
[INFO] | | \- xerces:xmlParserAPIs:jar:2.6.2:test
[INFO] | +- poi:poi:jar:2.5.1-final-20040804:test
[INFO] | \- org.slf4j:slf4j-nop:jar:1.4.3:test
[INFO] +- commons-dbcp:commons-dbcp:jar:1.2.2:test
[INFO] | \- commons-pool:commons-pool:jar:1.3:test
[INFO] \- org.springframework:spring-jdbc:jar:2.5.2:test
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 8.250s
[INFO] Finished at: Fri Jun 08 09:08:09 CST 2012
[INFO] Final Memory: 7M/245M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
我原来一个使用idea分析不出的隐式依赖就是通用mvn dependency:tree找到的。