String、StringBuffer和StringBuilder的区别

String 字符串常量，任何对String的改变都会引发新的String对象的生成。

StringBuffer 字符串变量（线程安全）支持并发操作，线程安全的，适合多线程中使用。

StringBuilder 字符串变量（非线程安全）,不支持并发操作，线性不安全的，不适合多线程中使用，但其在单线程中的性能比StringBuffer高。

任何对StringBuffer和StringBuilder所指代的字符串的改变都不会产生新的对象。

接下来，我直接贴上测试过程和结果的代码，一目了然：

public class StringTest {

    public static String BASEINFO = "Mr.Y";
    public static final int COUNT = 2000000;

    /**
     * 执行一项String赋值测试
     */
    public static void doStringTest() {

        String str = new String(BASEINFO);
        long starttime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        for (int i = 0; i < COUNT / 100; i++) {
            str = str + "miss";
        }
        long endtime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println((endtime - starttime)
                + " millis has costed when used String.");
    }

    /**
     * 执行一项StringBuffer赋值测试
     */
    public static void doStringBufferTest() {

        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(BASEINFO);
        long starttime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        for (int i = 0; i < COUNT; i++) {
            sb = sb.append("miss");
        }
        long endtime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println((endtime - starttime)
                + " millis has costed when used StringBuffer.");
    }

    /**
     * 执行一项StringBuilder赋值测试
     */
    public static void doStringBuilderTest() {

        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(BASEINFO);
        long starttime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        for (int i = 0; i < COUNT; i++) {
            sb = sb.append("miss");
        }
        long endtime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println((endtime - starttime)
                + " millis has costed when used StringBuilder.");
    }

    /**
     * 测试StringBuffer遍历赋值结果
     * 
     * @param mlist
     */
    public static void doStringBufferListTest(List<String> mlist) {
        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
        long starttime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        for (String string : mlist) {
            sb.append(string);
        }
        long endtime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println(sb.toString() + "buffer cost:"
                + (endtime - starttime) + " millis");
    }

    /**
     * 测试StringBuilder迭代赋值结果
     * 
     * @param mlist
     */
    public static void doStringBuilderListTest(List<String> mlist) {
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        long starttime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        for (Iterator<String> iterator = mlist.iterator(); iterator.hasNext();) {
            sb.append(iterator.next());
        }

        long endtime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println(sb.toString() + "builder cost:"
                + (endtime - starttime) + " millis");
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        doStringTest();
        doStringBufferTest();
        doStringBuilderTest();

        List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();
        list.add(" I ");
        list.add(" like ");
        list.add(" BeiJing ");
        list.add(" tian ");
        list.add(" an ");
        list.add(" men ");
        list.add(" . ");

        doStringBufferListTest(list);
        doStringBuilderListTest(list);
    }

}

运行结果：

620 millis has costed when used String.
64 millis has costed when used StringBuffer.
24 millis has costed when used StringBuilder.
 I  like  BeiJing  tian  an  men  . buffer cost:1 millis
 I  like  BeiJing  tian  an  men  . builder cost:0 millis

StringBuffer与StringBuilder常用方法