#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; class point { public: int x, y, z; point(int x = 0, int y = 0, int z = 0): x(x), y(y), z(z) { } point operator - (const point &b) const { return point(x - b.x, y - b.y, z - b.z); } int operator * (const point &b) const { return x * b.x + y * b.y + z * b.z; } int sqr() { return *this * *this; } double len() { return sqrt(sqr()); } }; long long sqr(int x) { return (long long) x * x; } int main() { cout.setf(ios::fixed); cout.precision(10); int tt; cin >> tt; while (tt--) { point o, a, b; int r; cin >> o.x >> o.y >> o.z >> r; cin >> a.x >> a.y >> a.z; cin >> b.x >> b.y >> b.z; if ((a - b).sqr() == 0 || (o - a) * (b - a) <= 0 || (o - b) * (a - b) <= 0) { cout << (a - b).len() << "\n"; } else { double h = sqrt((o - a).sqr() - (double) sqr((o - a) * (b - a)) / (a - b).sqr()); if (r <= h) { cout << (a - b).len() << "\n"; } else { double go_a = sqrt((o - a).sqr() - sqr(r)); double go_b = sqrt((o - b).sqr() - sqr(r)); double angle = atan2(sqrt((o - a).sqr() - h * h), h) + atan2(sqrt((o - b).sqr() - h * h), h) - atan2(go_a, r) - atan2(go_b, r); cout << angle * r + go_a + go_b << "\n"; } } } return 0; }