os.walk简介

os.walk

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os.walk的参数如下:

os.walk(top, topdown=True, onerror=None, followlinks=False)

其中：

• top是要遍历的目录。
• topdown是代表要从上而下遍历还是从下往上遍历。
• onerror可以用来设置当便利出现错误的处理函数(该函数接受一个OSError的实例作为参数)，设置为空则不作处理。
• followlinks表示是否要跟随目录下的链接去继续遍历，要注意的是，os.walk不会记录已经遍历的目录，所以跟随链接遍历的话有可能一直循环调用下去。

os.walk返回的是一个3个元素的元组 (root, dirs, files) ，分别表示遍历的路径名，该路径下的目录列表和该路径下文件列表。注意目录列表和文件列表不是具体路径，需要具体路径(从root开始的路径)的话可以用 os.path.join(root,dir) 和 os.path.join(root,dir) 。

例子

假设现在存在如下的文件和目录结构:

➜  test_os_walk git:(master) ✗ tree
.
├── a.py ├── b.py ├── c.py ├── dir1 │   ├── dir4 │   │   ├── g.py │   │   └── h.py │   ├── dirx │   │   ├── diry │   │   │   └── k.py │   │   └── z.py │   ├── e.py │   ├── f.py │   └── g.py ├── dir2 │   ├── dira │   │   └── dirb │   │   └── dirc │   │   └── aha.py │   ├── k.py │   ├── l.py │   └── m.py └── dir3 ├── dir5 │   └── z.py ├── x.py └── y.py 10 directories, 17 files

测试topdown

当我用 os.walk 遍历这个目录时，程序和输出如下:

import os

path = '/Users/nisen/Projects/python_advanced_class/test/test_os_walk'

for root, dirs, files in os.walk(path, True): print 'root: %s' % root print 'dirs: %s' % dirs print 'files: %s' % files print ''

结果如下，从root的路径可以看出遍历是自上而下的：

➜  test git:(master) ✗ python test11.py
root: /Users/nisen/Projects/python_advanced_class/test/test_os_walk dirs: ['dir1', 'dir2', 'dir3'] files: ['a.py', 'b.py', 'c.py']  root: /Users/nisen/Projects/python_advanced_class/test/test_os_walk/dir1 dirs: ['dir4', 'dirx'] files: ['e.py', 'f.py', 'g.py']  root: /Users/nisen/Projects/python_advanced_class/test/test_os_walk/dir1/dir4 dirs: [] files: ['g.py', 'h.py']  root: /Users/nisen/Projects/python_advanced_class/test/test_os_walk/dir1/dirx dirs: ['diry'] files: ['z.py']  root: /Users/nisen/Projects/python_advanced_class/test/test_os_walk/dir1/dirx/diry dirs: [] files: ['k.py']  root: /Users/nisen/Projects/python_advanced_class/test/test_os_walk/dir2 dirs: ['dira'] files: ['k.py', 'l.py', 'm.py']  root: /Users/nisen/Projects/python_advanced_class/test/test_os_walk/dir2/dira dirs: ['dirb'] files: []  root: /Users/nisen/Projects/python_advanced_class/test/test_os_walk/dir2/dira/dirb dirs: ['dirc'] files: []  root: /Users/nisen/Projects/python_advanced_class/test/test_os_walk/dir2/dira/dirb/dirc dirs: [] files: ['aha.py']  root: /Users/nisen/Projects/python_advanced_class/test/test_os_walk/dir3 dirs: ['dir5'] files: ['x.py', 'y.py']  root: /Users/nisen/Projects/python_advanced_class/test/test_os_walk/dir3/dir5 dirs: [] files: ['z.py']

而当设置os.walk的topdown为False时，结果如下, 可以看出他是自上而下遍历的：

➜  test git:(master) ✗ python test11.py
root: /Users/nisen/Projects/python_advanced_class/test/test_os_walk/dir1/dir4 dirs: [] files: ['g.py', 'h.py']  root: /Users/nisen/Projects/python_advanced_class/test/test_os_walk/dir1/dirx/diry dirs: [] files: ['k.py']  root: /Users/nisen/Projects/python_advanced_class/test/test_os_walk/dir1/dirx dirs: ['diry'] files: ['z.py']  root: /Users/nisen/Projects/python_advanced_class/test/test_os_walk/dir1 dirs: ['dir4', 'dirx'] files: ['e.py', 'f.py', 'g.py']  root: /Users/nisen/Projects/python_advanced_class/test/test_os_walk/dir2/dira/dirb/dirc dirs: [] files: ['aha.py']  root: /Users/nisen/Projects/python_advanced_class/test/test_os_walk/dir2/dira/dirb dirs: ['dirc'] files: []  root: /Users/nisen/Projects/python_advanced_class/test/test_os_walk/dir2/dira dirs: ['dirb'] files: []  root: /Users/nisen/Projects/python_advanced_class/test/test_os_walk/dir2 dirs: ['dira'] files: ['k.py', 'l.py', 'm.py']  root: /Users/nisen/Projects/python_advanced_class/test/test_os_walk/dir3/dir5 dirs: [] files: ['z.py']  root: /Users/nisen/Projects/python_advanced_class/test/test_os_walk/dir3 dirs: ['dir5'] files: ['x.py', 'y.py']  root: /Users/nisen/Projects/python_advanced_class/test/test_os_walk dirs: ['dir1', 'dir2', 'dir3'] files: ['a.py', 'b.py', 'c.py']

运行时修改遍历目录

当topdown设置为True时，可以在处理时修改返回的 dirs 列表，这样可以遍历下面的目录时会根据修改后的 dirs来遍历。比如下面的例子，在遍历的时候不把"CSV"目录包括在内:

import os
from os.path import join, getsize
for root, dirs, files in os.walk('python/Lib/email'): print root, "consumes", print sum(getsize(join(root, name)) for name in files), print "bytes in", len(files), "non-directory files" if 'CVS' in dirs: dirs.remove('CVS') # don't visit CVS directories

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/wangyi429111/p/8723683.html