1.条件判断语句
Python中条件选择语句的关键字为:if 、elif 、else这三个。其基本形式如下:
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age_of_cc
=
27
age
=
int
(
input
(
"guessage:"
))
if
age
=
=
age_of_cc:
print
(
"Yes,you got it!"
)
elif
age > age_of_cc:
print
(
"猜大啦!"
)
else
:
print
(
"猜小啦!"
)
|
if语句执行的特点是从上往下判断;
其中elif和else语句块是可选的。对于if和elif只有判断为True时,该分支语句才执行,只有当if和所有的elif的判断都为False时,才执行else分支。注意Python中条件选择语句中判断后面有个冒号。
2.循环语句
2.1 while循环
用法:
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while
条件:
xxxxxx
|
while会不停地循环执行隶属于它的语句,直到条件为假(False)
2.1.1 break跳过循环
代码示例:
age_of_cc = 27 count =0 while count < 3: age = int(input("guessage:")) if age == age_of_cc: print("Yes,you got it!") break elif age > age_of_cc: print("猜大啦!") else: print("猜小啦!") count += 1 else: if count == 3: print("错误太多次啦!")
2.1.2 continue跳过该次循环
代码示例:
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i
=
1
while
i <
10
:
i
+
=
1
if
i
%
2
>
0
:
# 非双数时跳过输出
continue
print
(i)
# 输出双数2、4、6、8、10
|
2.2 for循环
for循环需要预先设定好循环的次数(n),然后执行隶属于for的语句n次。
代码示例:
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for
i
in
range
(
10
):
print
(i)
#输出0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
|
while循环判断语句代码示例:
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age_of_cc
=
27
count
=
0
while
count <
3
:
age
=
int
(
input
(
"guessage:"
))
if
age
=
=
age_of_cc:
print
(
"Yes,you got it!"
)
break
elif
age > age_of_cc:
print
(
"猜大啦!"
)
else
:
print
(
"猜小啦!"
)
count
+
=
1
else
:
if
count
=
=
3
:
print
(
"错误太多次啦!"
)
|
for条件判断代码示例:
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13
14
15
|
age_of_cc
=
27
count
=
0
for
i
in
range
(
3
):
age
=
int
(
input
(
"guessage:"
))
if
age
=
=
age_of_cc:
print
(
"Yes,you got it!"
)
break
elif
age > age_of_cc:
print
(
"猜大啦!"
)
else
:
print
(
"猜小啦!"
)
count
+
=
1
else
:
if
count
=
=
3
:
print
(
"错误太多次啦!"
)
|
3.1 input
input是输入函数,用户可以输入字符串保存到变量中
代码示例:
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name
=
input
(
"Please input your name"
)
|
3.2 print
用print()在括号中加上字符串,就可以向屏幕上输出指定的文字
代码示例:
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print
(
"Hello!"
)
|
3.3 类型转换
通过上文可以看出,input输入的在python中都会被认为是字符串(见下图),所以我们需要对input的内容进行类型转换:
转换成int示例:
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|
age
=
int
(
input
(
"age is:"
))
|
转换回字符串:str()