Difference of Gaussian (DoG)-CSDN博客

本文介绍了一种基于差分高斯（Difference of Gaussian, DoG）的图像边缘检测方法。该方法首先通过不同宽度的高斯核对图像进行平滑处理，然后计算两个平滑图像之间的差分得到DoG图像。通过检测DoG图像中的零交叉点并设定阈值来突出强边缘，从而实现噪声抑制和边缘检测。

摘要生成于 C知道，由 DeepSeek-R1 满血版支持，前往体验 >

Similar to Laplace of Gaussian, the image is first smoothed by convolution with Gaussian kernel of certain width

$/begin{displaymath}G_{/sigma_1}(x,y)=/frac{1}{/sqrt{2/pi /sigma_1^2}}exp[-/frac{x^2+y^2}{2/sigma_1^2}] /end{displaymath}$

to get

$/begin{displaymath}g_1(x,y)=G_{/sigma_1}(x,y)*f(x,y) /end{displaymath}$

With a different width

, a second smoothed image can be obtained:

$/begin{displaymath}g_2(x,y)=G_{/sigma_2}(x,y)*f(x,y) /end{displaymath}$

We can show that the difference of these two Gaussian smoothed images, called difference of Gaussian (DoG), can be used to detect edges in the image.

$/begin{displaymath}g_1(x,y)-g_2(x,y)=G_{/sigma_1}*f(x,y)-G_{/sigma_2}*f(x,y) =(G_{/sigma_1}-G_{/sigma_2})*f(x,y)=DoG*f(x,y) /end{displaymath}$

The DoG as an operator or convolution kernel is defined as

$/begin{displaymath}DoG /stackrel{/triangle}{=}G_{/sigma_1}-G_{/sigma_2}=/frac{1}... ...)/2/sigma_1^2}- /frac{1}{/sigma_2}e^{-(x^2+y^2)/2/sigma_2^2}] /end{displaymath}$

Both 1D and 2D functions of $G_{/sigma_1}(x,y)$ and $G_{/sigma_2}(x,y)$ and their difference are shown below:

The discrete convolution kernel for DoG can be obtained by approximating the continuous expression of DoG given above. Again, it is necessary for the sum or average of all elements of the kernel matrix to be zero.

Comparing this plot with the previous one, we see that the DoG curve is very similar to the LoG curve. Also, similar to the case of LoG, the edges in the image can be obtained by these steps:

Applying DoG to the image
Detection of zero-crossings in the image
Threshold the zero-crossings to keep only those strong ones (large difference between the positive maximum and the negative minimum)

The last step is needed to suppress the weak zero-crossings most likely caused by noise.

Edge detection by DoG operator: