Enterprise Library2.0数据库常用操作

今天学习了Enterprise Library2.0的Data Access Application Block,Data Access Application Block提供了通用的数据访问的功能,随着2.0版本的推出有了很大变化。俺就多写了对SQL和ACCESS数据库自由切换的一些代码出来共享。先看完原文再接俺的代码吧。

一.改进

在DAAB1.1里面我们知道Database方法返回或者创建一个DBCommandWrapper对象,而在DAAB2.0里面移除了DBCommandWrapper类,用ADO.NET2.0里面的DBCommand类代替实现类似的功能,这样使得DAAB跟我们的.NET类库的结合更加紧密,回忆一下我们在1.1里面用DBCommandWrapper来访问数据时的代码:

None.gif Database db  =  DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase();
None.gif
None.gifDBCommandWrapper dbCommand  =  db.GetStoredProcCommandWrapper( " GetProductsByCategory " );
None.gif
None.gifdbCommand.AddInParameter( " CategoryID " , DbType.Int32, Category);
None.gif
None.gifDataSet productDataSet  =  db.ExecuteDataSet(dbCommand);

而用了新的DBCommand类之后则变成了:

None.gif Database db  =  DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase();
None.gif
None.gifDbCommand dbCommand  =  db.GetStoredProcCommand( " GetProductsByCategory " ); 
None.gif
None.gifdb.AddInParameter(dbCommand,  " CategoryID " , DbType.Int32, Category);
None.gif
None.gifDataSet productDataSet  =  db.ExecuteDataSet(dbCommand);

数据库连接字符串在我们基于数据库的开发永远是少不了的,但是在DAAB1.1下,它所使用的字符串跟我们在.NET类库中使用的连接字符串却是不能共享的,它们分别保存在不同的位置。而在2.0的Data Access Application Block使用了ADO.NET2.0里面<connectionStrings>配置区,这样带来的一个好处是连接字符串可以在Application Block和自定义的.NET类之间共享使用该配置区,如:

None.gif < connectionStrings >
None.gif         < add
None.gif             name ="DataAccessQuickStart"  
None.gif            providerName ="System.Data.SqlClient"
None.gif            connectionString ="server=(local)\SQLEXPRESS;database=EntLibQuickStarts;Integrated Security=true"  />
None.gif </ connectionStrings >
在.NET2.0下,泛型编程已经成为了一个核心,而2.0版的DAAB中也新增了一个GenericDatabase对象。DAAB中虽然已经包含了SqlDatabase和OrcaleDatabase,但是如果我们需要使用其他的像DB2等数据库时,就需要用到GenericDatabase,它可以用于任何.NET类库中的数据提供者,包括OdbcProvider和OleDbProvider。

二.使用示例

DAAB2.0的配置非常简单,主要有以下几方面的配置:

配置连接字符串

配置默认数据库

添加相关的命名空间:

None.gif using  Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Data;
None.gif using  System.Data;

使用Data Access Application Block进行数据的读取和操作,一般分为三步:

 1.创建Database对象

2.提供命令参数,如果需要的话

3.执行命令

下面分别看一下DataAccessQuickStart中提供的一些例子:

执行静态的SQL语句

None.gif public  string  GetCustomerList()
ExpandedBlockStart.gifContractedBlock.gif dot.gif {
InBlock.gif// 创建Database对象
InBlock.gifDatabase db = DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase();
InBlock.gif// 使用SQL语句创建DbCommand对象
InBlock.gifstring sqlCommand = "Select CustomerID, Name, Address, City, Country, PostalCode " +
InBlock.gif    "From Customers";
InBlock.gifDbCommand dbCommand = db.GetSqlStringCommand(sqlCommand);
InBlock.gif
InBlock.gifStringBuilder readerData = new StringBuilder();
InBlock.gif
InBlock.gif// 调用ExecuteReader方法
InBlock.gifusing (IDataReader dataReader = db.ExecuteReader(dbCommand))
ExpandedSubBlockStart.gifContractedSubBlock.gifdot.gif{
InBlock.gif    while (dataReader.Read())
ExpandedSubBlockStart.gifContractedSubBlock.gif    dot.gif{
InBlock.gif        // Get the value of the 'Name' column in the DataReader
InBlock.gif        readerData.Append(dataReader["Name"]);
InBlock.gif        readerData.Append(Environment.NewLine);
ExpandedSubBlockEnd.gif    }

ExpandedSubBlockEnd.gif}

InBlock.gif
InBlock.gifreturn readerData.ToString();
ExpandedBlockEnd.gif}

执行存储过程并传递参数,返回DataSet

None.gif public  DataSet GetProductsInCategory( int  Category)
ExpandedBlockStart.gifContractedBlock.gif dot.gif {
InBlock.gif    // Create the Database object, using the default database service. The
InBlock.gif    // default database service is determined through configuration.
InBlock.gif    Database db = DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase();
InBlock.gif
InBlock.gif    string sqlCommand = "GetProductsByCategory";
InBlock.gif    DbCommand dbCommand = db.GetStoredProcCommand(sqlCommand);
InBlock.gif
InBlock.gif    // Retrieve products from the specified category.
InBlock.gif    db.AddInParameter(dbCommand, "CategoryID", DbType.Int32, Category);
InBlock.gif
InBlock.gif    // DataSet that will hold the returned results        
InBlock.gif    DataSet productsDataSet = null;
InBlock.gif
InBlock.gif    productsDataSet = db.ExecuteDataSet(dbCommand);
InBlock.gif
InBlock.gif    // Note: connection was closed by ExecuteDataSet method call 
InBlock.gif
InBlock.gif    return productsDataSet;
ExpandedBlockEnd.gif}

利用DataSet更新数据

None.gif public  int  UpdateProducts()
ExpandedBlockStart.gifContractedBlock.gif dot.gif {
InBlock.gif    // Create the Database object, using the default database service. The
InBlock.gif    // default database service is determined through configuration.
InBlock.gif    Database db = DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase();
InBlock.gif
InBlock.gif    DataSet productsDataSet = new DataSet();
InBlock.gif
InBlock.gif    string sqlCommand = "Select ProductID, ProductName, CategoryID, UnitPrice, LastUpdate " +
InBlock.gif        "From Products";
InBlock.gif    DbCommand dbCommand = db.GetSqlStringCommand(sqlCommand);
InBlock.gif
InBlock.gif    string productsTable = "Products";
InBlock.gif
InBlock.gif    // Retrieve the initial data
InBlock.gif    db.LoadDataSet(dbCommand, productsDataSet, productsTable);
InBlock.gif
InBlock.gif    // Get the table that will be modified
InBlock.gif    DataTable table = productsDataSet.Tables[productsTable];
InBlock.gif
InBlock.gif    // Add a new product to existing DataSet
ExpandedSubBlockStart.gifContractedSubBlock.gif    DataRow addedRow = table.Rows.Add(new object[] dot.gif{DBNull.Value, "New product", 11, 25});
InBlock.gif
InBlock.gif    // Modify an existing product
InBlock.gif    table.Rows[0]["ProductName"] = "Modified product";
InBlock.gif
InBlock.gif    // Establish our Insert, Delete, and Update commands
InBlock.gif    DbCommand insertCommand = db.GetStoredProcCommand("AddProduct");
InBlock.gif    db.AddInParameter(insertCommand, "ProductName", DbType.String, "ProductName", DataRowVersion.Current);
InBlock.gif    db.AddInParameter(insertCommand, "CategoryID", DbType.Int32, "CategoryID", DataRowVersion.Current);
InBlock.gif    db.AddInParameter(insertCommand, "UnitPrice", DbType.Currency, "UnitPrice", DataRowVersion.Current);
InBlock.gif
InBlock.gif    DbCommand deleteCommand = db.GetStoredProcCommand("DeleteProduct");
InBlock.gif    db.AddInParameter(deleteCommand, "ProductID", DbType.Int32, "ProductID", DataRowVersion.Current);
InBlock.gif
InBlock.gif    DbCommand updateCommand = db.GetStoredProcCommand("UpdateProduct");
InBlock.gif    db.AddInParameter(updateCommand, "ProductID", DbType.Int32, "ProductID", DataRowVersion.Current);
InBlock.gif    db.AddInParameter(updateCommand, "ProductName", DbType.String, "ProductName", DataRowVersion.Current);
InBlock.gif    db.AddInParameter(updateCommand, "LastUpdate", DbType.DateTime, "LastUpdate", DataRowVersion.Current);
InBlock.gif
InBlock.gif    // Submit the DataSet, capturing the number of rows that were affected
InBlock.gif    int rowsAffected = db.UpdateDataSet(productsDataSet, "Products", insertCommand, updateCommand,
InBlock.gif                                        deleteCommand, UpdateBehavior.Standard);
InBlock.gif
InBlock.gif    return rowsAffected;
InBlock.gif
ExpandedBlockEnd.gif}

通过ID获取记录详细信息

None.gif public  string  GetProductDetails( int  productID)
ExpandedBlockStart.gifContractedBlock.gif dot.gif {
InBlock.gif    // Create the Database object, using the default database service. The
InBlock.gif    // default database service is determined through configuration.
InBlock.gif    Database db = DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase();
InBlock.gif
InBlock.gif    string sqlCommand = "GetProductDetails";
InBlock.gif    DbCommand dbCommand = db.GetStoredProcCommand(sqlCommand);
InBlock.gif
InBlock.gif    // Add paramters
InBlock.gif    // Input parameters can specify the input value
InBlock.gif    db.AddInParameter(dbCommand, "ProductID", DbType.Int32, productID);
InBlock.gif    // Output parameters specify the size of the return data
InBlock.gif    db.AddOutParameter(dbCommand, "ProductName", DbType.String, 50);
InBlock.gif    db.AddOutParameter(dbCommand, "UnitPrice", DbType.Currency, 8);
InBlock.gif
InBlock.gif    db.ExecuteNonQuery(dbCommand);
InBlock.gif
InBlock.gif    // Row of data is captured via output parameters
InBlock.gif    string results = string.Format(CultureInfo.CurrentCulture, "{0}, {1}, {2:C} ",
InBlock.gif                                   db.GetParameterValue(dbCommand, "ProductID"),
InBlock.gif                                   db.GetParameterValue(dbCommand, "ProductName"),
InBlock.gif                                   db.GetParameterValue(dbCommand, "UnitPrice"));
InBlock.gif
InBlock.gif    return results;
ExpandedBlockEnd.gif}

以XML格式返回数据

None.gif public  string  GetProductList()
ExpandedBlockStart.gifContractedBlock.gif dot.gif {
InBlock.gif    // Use a named database instance that refers to a SQL Server database.
InBlock.gif    SqlDatabase dbSQL = DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase() as SqlDatabase;
InBlock.gif
InBlock.gif    // Use "FOR XML AUTO" to have SQL return XML data
InBlock.gif    string sqlCommand = "Select ProductID, ProductName, CategoryID, UnitPrice, LastUpdate " +
InBlock.gif        "From Products FOR XML AUTO";
InBlock.gif    DbCommand dbCommand = dbSQL.GetSqlStringCommand(sqlCommand);
InBlock.gif
InBlock.gif    XmlReader productsReader = null;
InBlock.gif    StringBuilder productList = new StringBuilder();
InBlock.gif
InBlock.gif    try
ExpandedSubBlockStart.gifContractedSubBlock.gif    dot.gif{
InBlock.gif        productsReader = dbSQL.ExecuteXmlReader(dbCommand);
InBlock.gif
InBlock.gif        // Iterate through the XmlReader and put the data into our results.
InBlock.gif        while (!productsReader.EOF)
ExpandedSubBlockStart.gifContractedSubBlock.gif        dot.gif{
InBlock.gif            if (productsReader.IsStartElement())
ExpandedSubBlockStart.gifContractedSubBlock.gif            dot.gif{
InBlock.gif                productList.Append(productsReader.ReadOuterXml());
InBlock.gif                productList.Append(Environment.NewLine);
ExpandedSubBlockEnd.gif            }

ExpandedSubBlockEnd.gif        }

ExpandedSubBlockEnd.gif    }

InBlock.gif    finally
ExpandedSubBlockStart.gifContractedSubBlock.gif    dot.gif{
InBlock.gif      // Close the Reader.
InBlock.gif      if (productsReader != null)
ExpandedSubBlockStart.gifContractedSubBlock.gif      dot.gif{
InBlock.gif          productsReader.Close();
ExpandedSubBlockEnd.gif      }

InBlock.gif      
InBlock.gif      // Explicitly close the connection. The connection is not closed
InBlock.gif      // when the XmlReader is closed.
InBlock.gif      if (dbCommand.Connection != null)
ExpandedSubBlockStart.gifContractedSubBlock.gif      dot.gif{
InBlock.gif        dbCommand.Connection.Close();
ExpandedSubBlockEnd.gif      }
  
ExpandedSubBlockEnd.gif    }

InBlock.gif
InBlock.gif    return productList.ToString();
ExpandedBlockEnd.gif}

使用事务

None.gif public  bool  Transfer( int  transactionAmount,  int  sourceAccount,  int  destinationAccount)
ExpandedBlockStart.gifContractedBlock.gif dot.gif {
InBlock.gif    bool result = false;
InBlock.gif    
InBlock.gif    // Create the Database object, using the default database service. The
InBlock.gif    // default database service is determined through configuration.
InBlock.gif    Database db = DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase();
InBlock.gif
InBlock.gif    // Two operations, one to credit an account, and one to debit another
InBlock.gif    // account.
InBlock.gif    string sqlCommand = "CreditAccount";
InBlock.gif    DbCommand creditCommand = db.GetStoredProcCommand(sqlCommand);
InBlock.gif
InBlock.gif    db.AddInParameter(creditCommand, "AccountID", DbType.Int32, sourceAccount);
InBlock.gif    db.AddInParameter(creditCommand, "Amount", DbType.Int32, transactionAmount);
InBlock.gif
InBlock.gif    sqlCommand = "DebitAccount";
InBlock.gif    DbCommand debitCommand = db.GetStoredProcCommand(sqlCommand);
InBlock.gif
InBlock.gif    db.AddInParameter(debitCommand, "AccountID", DbType.Int32, destinationAccount);
InBlock.gif    db.AddInParameter(debitCommand, "Amount", DbType.Int32, transactionAmount);
InBlock.gif
InBlock.gif    using (DbConnection connection = db.CreateConnection())
ExpandedSubBlockStart.gifContractedSubBlock.gif    dot.gif{
InBlock.gif        connection.Open();
InBlock.gif        DbTransaction transaction = connection.BeginTransaction();
InBlock.gif
InBlock.gif        try
ExpandedSubBlockStart.gifContractedSubBlock.gif        dot.gif{
InBlock.gif            // Credit the first account
InBlock.gif            db.ExecuteNonQuery(creditCommand, transaction);
InBlock.gif            // Debit the second account
InBlock.gif            db.ExecuteNonQuery(debitCommand, transaction);
InBlock.gif
InBlock.gif            // Commit the transaction
InBlock.gif            transaction.Commit();
InBlock.gif            
InBlock.gif            result = true;
ExpandedSubBlockEnd.gif        }

InBlock.gif        catch
ExpandedSubBlockStart.gifContractedSubBlock.gif        dot.gif{
InBlock.gif            // Rollback transaction 
InBlock.gif            transaction.Rollback();
ExpandedSubBlockEnd.gif        }

InBlock.gif        connection.Close();
InBlock.gif        
InBlock.gif        return result;
ExpandedSubBlockEnd.gif    }

ExpandedBlockEnd.gif}

三.常见功能

1.创建Database对象

创建一个默认的Database对象

None.gif Database dbSvc  =  DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase();

默认的数据库在配置文件中:

None.gif < dataConfiguration  defaultDatabase ="DataAccessQuickStart"  />

创建一个实例Database对象

None.gif //  Use a named database instance that refers to an arbitrary database type, 
None.gif //  which is determined by configuration information.
None.gif Database myDb  =  DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase( " DataAccessQuickStart " );

创建一个具体的类型的数据库对象

None.gif //  Create a SQL database.
None.gif SqlDatabase dbSQL  =  DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase( " DataAccessQuickStart " )  as  SqlDatabase;

2.创建DbCommand对象

静态的SQL语句创建一个DbCommand

None.gif Database db  =  DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase();
None.gif string  sqlCommand  =  " Select CustomerID, LastName, FirstName From Customers " ;
None.gifDbCommand dbCommand  =  db.GetSqlStringCommand(sqlCommand);

存储过程创建一个DbCommand

None.gif Database db  =  DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase();
None.gifDbCommand dbCommand  =  db.GetStoredProcCommand( " GetProductsByCategory " );

3.管理对象

当连接对象打开后,不需要再次连接

None.gif Database db  =  DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase();
None.gif string  sqlCommand  =  " Select ProductID, ProductName From Products " ;
None.gifDbCommand dbCommand  =  db.GetSqlStringCommand(sqlCommand); 
None.gif //  No need to open the connection; just make the call.
None.gif DataSet customerDataSet  =  db.ExecuteDataSet(dbCommand);

使用Using及早释放对象

None.gif Database db  =  DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase();
None.gifDbCommand dbCommand  =  db.GetSqlStringCommand( " Select Name, Address From Customers " );
None.gif using  (IDataReader dataReader  =  db.ExecuteReader(dbCommand))
ExpandedBlockStart.gifContractedBlock.gif dot.gif {
InBlock.gif// Process results
ExpandedBlockEnd.gif}

4.参数处理

Database类提供了如下的方法,用于参数的处理:

AddParameter. 传递参数给存储过程
AddInParameter. 传递输入参数给存储过程
AddOutParameter. 传递输出参数给存储过程
GetParameterValue. 得到指定参数的值
SetParameterValue. 设定参数值

使用示例如下:

None.gif Database db  =  DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase();
None.gif string  sqlCommand  =  " GetProductDetails " ;
None.gifDbCommand dbCommand  =  db.GetStoredProcCommand(sqlCommand);
None.gifdb.AddInParameter(dbCommand,  " ProductID " , DbType.Int32,  5 );
None.gifdb.AddOutParameter(dbCommand,  " ProductName " , DbType.String,  50 );
None.gifdb.AddOutParameter(dbCommand,  " UnitPrice " , DbType.Currency,  8 );

 

None.gif Database db  =  DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase();
None.gifDbCommand insertCommand  =  db.GetStoredProcCommand( " AddProduct " );
None.gifdb.AddInParameter(insertCommand,  " ProductName " , DbType.String,  " ProductName " , DataRowVersion.Current);
None.gifdb.AddInParameter(insertCommand,  " CategoryID " , DbType.Int32,  " CategoryID " , DataRowVersion.Current);
None.gifdb.AddInParameter(insertCommand,  " UnitPrice " , DbType.Currency,  " UnitPrice " , DataRowVersion.Current);

四.使用场景

 DAAB2.0是对ADO.NET2.0的补充,它允许你使用相同的数据访问代码来支持不同的数据库,您通过改变配置文件就在不同的数据库之间切换。目前虽然只提供SQLServer和Oracle的支持,但是可以通过GenericDatabase和ADO.NET 2.0下的DbProviderFactory对象来增加对其他数据库的支持。如果想要编写出来的数据库访问程序具有更好的移植性,则DAAB2.0是一个不错的选择,但是如果您想要针对特定数据库的特性进行编程,就要用ADO.NET了。

参考:Enterprise Libaray –January 2006帮助文档及QuickStart

  好,看到这里俺应该基本懂得使用了,俺就动手试一下SQL和ACCESS数据库自由切换的方法,因俺平时的习惯是使用vb.net写东西,所以只写出vb.net的代码出来,有兴趣的自己改成C#好了,看以下html代码:
ExpandedBlockStart.gif ContractedBlock.gif <% ... @ Page Language="VB" AutoEventWireup="false" CodeFile="sql.aspx.vb" Inherits="sql" %>
None.gif
None.gif <! DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd" >
None.gif
None.gif < html xmlns ="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" >
None.gif < head runat ="server" >
None.gif < title > web3.cn——SQL、Access数据库自由切换 </ title >
None.gif </ head >
None.gif < body >
None.gif < form id ="form1" runat ="server" >
None.gif < div >
None.gif < asp:GridView ID ="GridView1" runat ="server" AutoGenerateColumns ="False" >
None.gif < Columns >
None.gif < asp:BoundField DataField ="id" HeaderText ="id" SortExpression ="id" >
None.gif < HeaderStyle BackColor ="Silver" />
None.gif </ asp:BoundField >
None.gif < asp:BoundField DataField ="provinceID" HeaderText ="provinceID" SortExpression ="provinceID" >
None.gif < HeaderStyle BackColor ="Silver" />
None.gif </ asp:BoundField >
None.gif < asp:BoundField DataField ="province" HeaderText ="provinceID" SortExpression ="province" >
None.gif < HeaderStyle BackColor ="Silver" />
None.gif </ asp:BoundField >
None.gif </ Columns >
None.gif </ asp:GridView >
None.gif </ div >
None.gif </ form >
None.gif </ body >
None.gif </ html >
vb.net代码:
None.gif Imports System.Data
None.gif Imports Microsoft.Practices.EnterpriseLibrary.Data
None.gif Imports system.Data.Common
None.gif Imports System.Data.Odbc
None.gif
ExpandedBlockStart.gifContractedBlock.gif Partial Class sql_access Class sql_access
InBlock.gifInherits System.Web.UI.Page
InBlock.gifDim sys As New WebService
ExpandedSubBlockStart.gifContractedSubBlock.gifProtected Sub Page_Load()Sub Page_Load(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Me.Load
InBlock.gifIf Not Page.IsPostBack Then
InBlock.gif BindGrid()
InBlock.gifEnd If
ExpandedSubBlockEnd.gifEnd Sub

InBlock.gif
ExpandedSubBlockStart.gifContractedSubBlock.gifSub BindGrid()Sub BindGrid()
InBlock.gifDim dv As DataView
InBlock.gif dv = GetList_Access().DefaultView
InBlock.gif GridView1.DataSource = dv
InBlock.gif GridView1.DataBind()
ExpandedSubBlockEnd.gifEnd Sub

InBlock.gif
InBlock.gif'列表
ExpandedSubBlockStart.gifContractedSubBlock.gif Public Function GetList_SQL()Function GetList_SQL() As DataTable
InBlock.gifDim db As Database = DatabaseFactory.CreateDatabase()
InBlock.gif
InBlock.gifDim sqlCommand As String = "select * FROM province ORDER BY id desc"
InBlock.gif
InBlock.gif'要对数据源执行的 SQL 语句或存储过程。
InBlock.gif Dim dbCommand As DbCommand = db.GetSqlStringCommand(sqlCommand)
InBlock.gif
InBlock.gifReturn db.ExecuteDataSet(dbCommand).Tables(0)
ExpandedSubBlockEnd.gifEnd Function

InBlock.gif
InBlock.gif'列表
ExpandedSubBlockStart.gifContractedSubBlock.gif Public Function GetList_Access()Function GetList_Access() As DataTable
InBlock.gif
InBlock.gifDim db As Database = New GenericDatabase("Driver={Microsoft Access Driver (*.mdb)};Dbq=D:vs2005dbdb.mdb;Uid=sa;Pwd=sa;", OdbcFactory.Instance)
InBlock.gifDim sqlCommand As String = "select * FROM province ORDER BY id desc"
InBlock.gif
InBlock.gif'要对数据源执行的 SQL 语句或存储过程。
InBlock.gif Dim dbCommand As DbCommand = db.GetSqlStringCommand(sqlCommand)
InBlock.gif
InBlock.gifReturn db.ExecuteDataSet(dbCommand).Tables(0)
ExpandedSubBlockEnd.gifEnd Function

以上代码不多,应该明白了吧,呵呵,只要把“dv = GetList_Access().DefaultView”换成“dv = GetList_SQL().DefaultView”即可换成了SQL的数据库了,简单吧。这里只给出一个思路,就看大家封装起来成更加简单易用的咯。

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/gghxh/archive/2007/03/14/674871.html

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