C#中的线程-CSDN博客

by：Alex Fr 译：adaiye

简介

.NET框架提供很多方法来实现多线程编程。我想展示如何通过同步访问用户接口去运行一个工作线程（例如，一个读取记录集并要在一个窗体中填充控件的线程）。
运行线程，我用：

线程实例和主线程函数
两个使线程停止的事件。第一个事件是设置何时主线程想停止工作线程，第二个事件是工作线程设置何时想真正停止。

.NET只允许Control中创建的线程去调用 System.Windows.Forms.Control的函数。要想从另一个线程中访问 System.Windows.Forms.Control中的函数，你需要使用 Control.Invoke（同步调用）或 Control.BeginInvoke（异步调用）函数。比如说显示数据库的记录，我们就需要 Invoke。
要想实现这个，我们要用：

一个为了访问窗体的委托类型。委托实例和函数调用使用这个委托。
从工作线程来的函数调用。

下一个问题是准确的停止工作线程。做这些的步骤是：

启动“停止线程”事件；
等待“线程已经停止”事件；
用Application.DoEvents函数等待事件处理消息。这是为了防止死锁的，因为工作线程的Invoke调用是被主线程所处理的。

线程函数检查每个迭代，看“停止线程”事件是否发生了。如果这个事件发生了，函数调用清理操作，触发“线程已经停止”事件，并返回。
Demo有两个类： MainForm和 LongProcess。

LongProcess.Run函数在线程中被执行，它会用几行数据来填充列表。工作线程可能会自然停止，或者当用户按下

"Stop Thread"按钮或关闭窗体时停止。

源代码

  1 // MainForm.cs
  2
  3 namespace WorkerThread
  4 {
  5      // delegates used to call MainForm functions from worker thread
  6      public delegate void DelegateAddString(String s);
  7      public delegate void DelegateThreadFinished();
  8
  9      public class MainForm : System.Windows.Forms.Form
10     {
11          //

12
13          // worker thread
14         Thread m_WorkerThread;
15
16          // events used to stop worker thread
17         ManualResetEvent m_EventStopThread;
18         ManualResetEvent m_EventThreadStopped;
19
20          // Delegate instances used to call user interface functions
21          // from worker thread:
22          public DelegateAddString m_DelegateAddString;
23          public DelegateThreadFinished m_DelegateThreadFinished;
24
25          //

26
27          public MainForm()
28         {
29             InitializeComponent();
30
31              // initialize delegates
32             m_DelegateAddString = new DelegateAddString( this .AddString);
33             m_DelegateThreadFinished = new DelegateThreadFinished( this .ThreadFinished);
34
35              // initialize events
36             m_EventStopThread = new ManualResetEvent( false );
37             m_EventThreadStopped = new ManualResetEvent( false );
38
39         }
40
41          //

42
43          // Start thread button is pressed
44          private void btnStartThread_Click( object sender, System.EventArgs e)
45         {
46              //

47
48              // reset events
49             m_EventStopThread.Reset();
50             m_EventThreadStopped.Reset();
51
52              // create worker thread instance
53             m_WorkerThread = new Thread( new ThreadStart( this .WorkerThreadFunction));
54
55             m_WorkerThread.Name = " Worker Thread Sample " ;    // looks nice in Output window
56
57             m_WorkerThread.Start();
58
59         }
60
61
62          // Worker thread function.
63          // Called indirectly from btnStartThread_Click
64          private void WorkerThreadFunction()
65         {
66             LongProcess longProcess;
67
68             longProcess = new LongProcess(m_EventStopThread, m_EventThreadStopped, this );
69
70             longProcess.Run();
71         }
72
73          // Stop worker thread if it is running.
74          // Called when user presses Stop button or form is closed.
75          private void StopThread()
76         {
77              if ( m_WorkerThread != null    &&   m_WorkerThread.IsAlive )   // thread is active
78             {
79                  // set event "Stop"
80                 m_EventStopThread.Set();
81
82                  // wait when thread  will stop or finish
83                  while (m_WorkerThread.IsAlive)
84                 {
85                      // We cannot use here infinite wait because our thread
86                      // makes syncronous calls to main form, this will cause deadlock.
87                      // Instead of this we wait for event some appropriate time
88                      // (and by the way give time to worker thread) and
89                      // process events. These events may contain Invoke calls.
90                      if ( WaitHandle.WaitAll(
91                         ( new ManualResetEvent[] {m_EventThreadStopped}),
92                          100 ,
93                          true ) )
94                     {
95                          break ;
96                     }
97
98                     Application.DoEvents();
99                 }
100             }
101         }
102
103          // Add string to list box.
104          // Called from worker thread using delegate and Control.Invoke
105          private void AddString(String s)
106         {
107             listBox1.Items.Add(s);
108         }
109
110          // Set initial state of controls.
111          // Called from worker thread using delegate and Control.Invoke
112          private void ThreadFinished()
113         {
114             btnStartThread.Enabled = true ;
115             btnStopThread.Enabled = false ;
116         }
117
118     }
119 }
120
121 // LongProcess.cs
122
123 namespace WorkerThread
124 {
125      public class LongProcess
126     {
127          //

128
129          // Function runs in worker thread and emulates long process.
130          public void Run()
131         {
132              int i;
133             String s;
134
135              for (i = 1 ; i <= 10 ; i ++ )
136             {
137                  // make step
138                 s = " Step number " + i.ToString() + " executed " ;
139
140                 Thread.Sleep( 400 );
141
142                  // Make synchronous call to main form.
143                  // MainForm.AddString function runs in main thread.
144                  // (To make asynchronous call use BeginInvoke)
145                 m_form.Invoke(m_form.m_DelegateAddString, new Object[] {s});
146
147
148                  // check if thread is cancelled
149                  if ( m_EventStop.WaitOne( 0 , true ) )
150                 {
151                      // clean-up operations may be placed here
152                      //

153
154                      // inform main thread that this thread stopped
155                     m_EventStopped.Set();
156
157                      return ;
158                 }
159             }
160
161              // Make synchronous call to main form
162              // to inform it that thread finished
163             m_form.Invoke(m_form.m_DelegateThreadFinished, null );
164         }
165
166     }
167 }
168
169
170
171
172

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/adaiye/archive/2007/10/03/913214.html