在Struts 2中实现文件上传(Struts 2.0系列之九)

最新推荐文章于 2020-05-23 03:41:28 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2020-05-23 03:41:28 发布

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文章标签： Struts JSP Apache Web XML

在Struts 2中实现文件上传

前一阵子有些朋友在电子邮件中问关于Struts 2实现文件上传的问题，所以今天我们就来讨论一下这个问题。

实现原理

Struts 2是通过Commons FileUpload文件上传。Commons FileUpload通过将HTTP的数据保存到临时文件夹，然后Struts使用fileUpload拦截器将文件绑定到Action的实例中。从而我们就能够以本地文件方式的操作浏览器上传的文件。

具体实现

前段时间Apache发布了Struts 2.0.6 GA，所以本文的实现是以该版本的Struts作为框架的。以下是例子所依赖类包的列表：

清单1 依赖类包的列表

首先，创建文件上传页面FileUpload.jsp，内容如下：

<% @ page language = " java " contentType = " text/html; charset=utf-8 " pageEncoding = " utf-8 " %>
<% @ taglib prefix = " s " uri = " /struts-tags " %>

<! DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd" >
< html xmlns ="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" >
< head >
< title > Struts 2 File Upload </ title >
</ head >
< body >
< s:form action ="fileUpload" method ="POST" enctype ="multipart/form-data" >
< s:file name ="myFile" label ="Image File" />
< s:textfield name ="caption" label ="Caption" />
< s:submit />
</ s:form >
</ body >
</ html >

清单2 FileUpload.jsp

在FileUpload.jsp中，先将表单的提交方式设为POST，然后将enctype设为multipart/form-data，这并没有什么特别之处。接下来，<s:file/>标志将文件上传控件绑定到Action的myFile属性。

其次是FileUploadAction.java代码：

package tutorial;

import java.io.BufferedInputStream;

import java.io.BufferedOutputStream;

import java.io.File;

import java.io.FileInputStream;

import java.io.FileOutputStream;

import java.io.InputStream;

import java.io.OutputStream;

import java.util.Date;

import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

public class FileUploadAction extends ActionSupport

{

private static final long serialVersionUID = 572146812454l ;

private static final int BUFFER_SIZE = 16 * 1024 ;

private File myFile;

private String contentType;

private String fileName;

private String imageFileName;

private String caption;

public void setMyFileContentType(String contentType)

{

this .contentType = contentType;

}

public void setMyFileFileName(String fileName)

{

this .fileName = fileName;

}

public void setMyFile(File myFile)

{

this .myFile = myFile;

}

public String getImageFileName()

{

return imageFileName;

}

public String getCaption()

{

return caption;

}

public void setCaption(String caption)

{

this .caption = caption;

}

private static void copy(File src, File dst)

{

try

{

InputStream in = null ;

OutputStream out = null ;

try

{

in = new BufferedInputStream( new FileInputStream(src), BUFFER_SIZE);

out = new BufferedOutputStream( new FileOutputStream(dst), BUFFER_SIZE);

byte [] buffer = new byte [BUFFER_SIZE];

while (in.read(buffer) > 0 )

{

out.write(buffer);

}

} finally

{

if ( null != in)

{

in.close();

}

if ( null != out)

{

out.close();

}

} catch (Exception e)

{

e.printStackTrace();

}

private static String getExtention(String fileName)

{

int pos = fileName.lastIndexOf( " . " );

return fileName.substring(pos);

}

@Override

public String execute()

{

imageFileName = new Date().getTime() + getExtention(fileName);

File imageFile = new File(ServletActionContext.getServletContext().getRealPath( " /UploadImages " ) + " / " + imageFileName);

copy(myFile, imageFile);

return SUCCESS;

}

清单3 tutorial/FileUploadAction.java

在FileUploadAction中我分别写了setMyFileContentType、setMyFileFileName、setMyFile和setCaption四个Setter方法，后两者很容易明白，分别对应FileUpload.jsp中的<s:file/>和<s:textfield/>标志。但是前两者并没有显式地与任何的页面标志绑定，那么它们的值又是从何而来的呢？其实，<s:file/>标志不仅仅是绑定到myFile，还有myFileContentType（上传文件的MIME类型）和myFileFileName（上传文件的文件名，该文件名不包括文件的路径）。因此，<s:file name="xxx" />对应Action类里面的xxx、xxxContentType和xxxFileName三个属性。

FileUploadAction作用是将浏览器上传的文件拷贝到WEB应用程序的UploadImages文件夹下，新文件的名称是由系统时间与上传文件的后缀组成，该名称将被赋给imageFileName属性，以便上传成功的跳转页面使用。

下面我们就来看看上传成功的页面：

<% @ page language = " java " contentType = " text/html; charset=utf-8 " pageEncoding = " utf-8 " %>
<% @ taglib prefix = " s " uri = " /struts-tags " %>

<! DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd" >
< html xmlns ="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" >
< head >
< title > Struts 2 File Upload </ title >
</ head >
< body >
< div style ="padding: 3px; border: solid 1px #cccccc; text-align: center" >
< img src ='UploadImages/<s:property value ="imageFileName" /> ' />
< br />
< s:property value ="caption" />
</ div >
</ body >
</ html >

清单4 ShowUpload.jsp

ShowUpload.jsp获得imageFileName，将其UploadImages组成URL，从而将上传的图像显示出来。

然后是Action的配置文件：

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>

<! DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd" >

< struts >
< package name ="fileUploadDemo" extends ="struts-default" >
< action name ="fileUpload" class ="tutorial.FileUploadAction" >
< interceptor-ref name ="fileUploadStack" />
< result name ="success" > /ShowUpload.jsp </ result >
</ action >
</ package >
</ struts >

清单5 struts.xml

fileUpload Action显式地应用fileUploadStack的拦截器。

最后是web.xml配置文件：

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
< web-app id ="WebApp_9" version ="2.4"
xmlns ="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation ="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd" >

< display-name > Struts 2 Fileupload </ display-name >

< filter >
< filter-name > struts-cleanup </ filter-name >
< filter-class >
org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ActionContextCleanUp
</ filter-class >
</ filter >

< filter >
< filter-name > struts2 </ filter-name >
< filter-class >
org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher
</ filter-class >
</ filter >

< filter-mapping >
< filter-name > struts-cleanup </ filter-name >
< url-pattern > /* </ url-pattern >
</ filter-mapping >

< filter-mapping >
< filter-name > struts2 </ filter-name >
< url-pattern > /* </ url-pattern >
</ filter-mapping >

< welcome-file-list >
< welcome-file > index.html </ welcome-file >
</ welcome-file-list >

</ web-app >

清单6 WEB-INF/web.xml

发布运行应用程序，在浏览器地址栏中键入：http://localhost:8080/Struts2_Fileupload/FileUpload.jsp，出现图示页面：

清单7 FileUpload页面