1、切片
${var:offset:number}
${var: -length}: 取最右侧的几个字符,注意冒号后必须要有一个空格
2、基于模式取字串
${var#*word} ${var##*word}
${var%word*} ${var%%word*}
3、查找替换
${var/pattern/substr}
${var//pattern/substr}
${var/#pattern/substr}
${var/%pattern/substr}
4、查找删除
${var/PATTERN}
${var//PATTERN}
${var/#PATTERN}
${var/%PATTERN}
5、大小写转换
${var^^}
${var,,}
6、变量赋值
${var:-value}
${var:=value}
${var:+value}
${var:?error_info}