view
""" Basic building blocks for generic class based views. We don't bind behaviour to http method handlers yet, which allows mixin classes to be composed in interesting ways. """ from __future__ import unicode_literals from rest_framework import status from rest_framework.response import Response from rest_framework.settings import api_settings class CreateModelMixin(object): """ Create a model instance. """ def create(self, request, *args, **kwargs): serializer = self.get_serializer(data=request.data) serializer.is_valid(raise_exception=True) self.perform_create(serializer) headers = self.get_success_headers(serializer.data) return Response(serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED, headers=headers) def perform_create(self, serializer): serializer.save() def get_success_headers(self, data): try: return {'Location': str(data[api_settings.URL_FIELD_NAME])} except (TypeError, KeyError): return {} class ListModelMixin(object): """ List a queryset. """ def list(self, request, *args, **kwargs): queryset = self.filter_queryset(self.get_queryset()) page = self.paginate_queryset(queryset) if page is not None: serializer = self.get_serializer(page, many=True) return self.get_paginated_response(serializer.data) serializer = self.get_serializer(queryset, many=True) return Response(serializer.data) class RetrieveModelMixin(object): """ Retrieve a model instance. """ def retrieve(self, request, *args, **kwargs): instance = self.get_object() serializer = self.get_serializer(instance) return Response(serializer.data) class UpdateModelMixin(object): """ Update a model instance. """ def update(self, request, *args, **kwargs): partial = kwargs.pop('partial', False) instance = self.get_object() serializer = self.get_serializer(instance, data=request.data, partial=partial) serializer.is_valid(raise_exception=True) self.perform_update(serializer) if getattr(instance, '_prefetched_objects_cache', None): # If 'prefetch_related' has been applied to a queryset, we need to # forcibly invalidate the prefetch cache on the instance. instance._prefetched_objects_cache = {} return Response(serializer.data) def perform_update(self, serializer): serializer.save() def partial_update(self, request, *args, **kwargs): kwargs['partial'] = True return self.update(request, *args, **kwargs) class DestroyModelMixin(object): """ Destroy a model instance. """ def destroy(self, request, *args, **kwargs): instance = self.get_object() self.perform_destroy(instance) return Response(status=status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT) def perform_destroy(self, instance): instance.delete()
class APIView(View): # The following policies may be set at either globally, or per-view. renderer_classes = api_settings.DEFAULT_RENDERER_CLASSES parser_classes = api_settings.DEFAULT_PARSER_CLASSES authentication_classes = api_settings.DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES throttle_classes = api_settings.DEFAULT_THROTTLE_CLASSES permission_classes = api_settings.DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES content_negotiation_class = api_settings.DEFAULT_CONTENT_NEGOTIATION_CLASS metadata_class = api_settings.DEFAULT_METADATA_CLASS versioning_class = api_settings.DEFAULT_VERSIONING_CLASS # Allow dependency injection of other settings to make testing easier. settings = api_settings schema = DefaultSchema() @classmethod def as_view(cls, **initkwargs): """ Store the original class on the view function. This allows us to discover information about the view when we do URL reverse lookups. Used for breadcrumb generation. """ if isinstance(getattr(cls, 'queryset', None), models.query.QuerySet): def force_evaluation(): raise RuntimeError( 'Do not evaluate the `.queryset` attribute directly, ' 'as the result will be cached and reused between requests. ' 'Use `.all()` or call `.get_queryset()` instead.' ) cls.queryset._fetch_all = force_evaluation view = super(APIView, cls).as_view(**initkwargs) view.cls = cls view.initkwargs = initkwargs # Note: session based authentication is explicitly CSRF validated, # all other authentication is CSRF exempt. return csrf_exempt(view) @property def allowed_methods(self): """ Wrap Django's private `_allowed_methods` interface in a public property. """ return self._allowed_methods() @property def default_response_headers(self): headers = { 'Allow': ', '.join(self.allowed_methods), } if len(self.renderer_classes) > 1: headers['Vary'] = 'Accept' return headers def http_method_not_allowed(self, request, *args, **kwargs): """ If `request.method` does not correspond to a handler method, determine what kind of exception to raise. """ raise exceptions.MethodNotAllowed(request.method) def permission_denied(self, request, message=None): """ If request is not permitted, determine what kind of exception to raise. """ if request.authenticators and not request.successful_authenticator: raise exceptions.NotAuthenticated() raise exceptions.PermissionDenied(detail=message) def throttled(self, request, wait): """ If request is throttled, determine what kind of exception to raise. """ raise exceptions.Throttled(wait) def get_authenticate_header(self, request): """ If a request is unauthenticated, determine the WWW-Authenticate header to use for 401 responses, if any. """ authenticators = self.get_authenticators() if authenticators: return authenticators[0].authenticate_header(request) def get_parser_context(self, http_request): """ Returns a dict that is passed through to Parser.parse(), as the `parser_context` keyword argument. """ # Note: Additionally `request` and `encoding` will also be added # to the context by the Request object. return { 'view': self, 'args': getattr(self, 'args', ()), 'kwargs': getattr(self, 'kwargs', {}) } def get_renderer_context(self): """ Returns a dict that is passed through to Renderer.render(), as the `renderer_context` keyword argument. """ # Note: Additionally 'response' will also be added to the context, # by the Response object. return { 'view': self, 'args': getattr(self, 'args', ()), 'kwargs': getattr(self, 'kwargs', {}), 'request': getattr(self, 'request', None) } def get_exception_handler_context(self): """ Returns a dict that is passed through to EXCEPTION_HANDLER, as the `context` argument. """ return { 'view': self, 'args': getattr(self, 'args', ()), 'kwargs': getattr(self, 'kwargs', {}), 'request': getattr(self, 'request', None) } def get_view_name(self): """ Return the view name, as used in OPTIONS responses and in the browsable API. """ func = self.settings.VIEW_NAME_FUNCTION return func(self.__class__, getattr(self, 'suffix', None)) def get_view_description(self, html=False): """ Return some descriptive text for the view, as used in OPTIONS responses and in the browsable API. """ func = self.settings.VIEW_DESCRIPTION_FUNCTION return func(self.__class__, html) # API policy instantiation methods def get_format_suffix(self, **kwargs): """ Determine if the request includes a '.json' style format suffix """ if self.settings.FORMAT_SUFFIX_KWARG: return kwargs.get(self.settings.FORMAT_SUFFIX_KWARG) def get_renderers(self): """ Instantiates and returns the list of renderers that this view can use. """ return [renderer() for renderer in self.renderer_classes] def get_parsers(self): """ Instantiates and returns the list of parsers that this view can use. """ return [parser() for parser in self.parser_classes] def get_authenticators(self): """ Instantiates and returns the list of authenticators that this view can use. """ return [auth() for auth in self.authentication_classes] def get_permissions(self): """ Instantiates and returns the list of permissions that this view requires. """ return [permission() for permission in self.permission_classes] def get_throttles(self): """ Instantiates and returns the list of throttles that this view uses. """ return [throttle() for throttle in self.throttle_classes] def get_content_negotiator(self): """ Instantiate and return the content negotiation class to use. """ if not getattr(self, '_negotiator', None): self._negotiator = self.content_negotiation_class() return self._negotiator def get_exception_handler(self): """ Returns the exception handler that this view uses. """ return self.settings.EXCEPTION_HANDLER # API policy implementation methods def perform_content_negotiation(self, request, force=False): """ Determine which renderer and media type to use render the response. """ renderers = self.get_renderers() conneg = self.get_content_negotiator() try: return conneg.select_renderer(request, renderers, self.format_kwarg) except Exception: if force: return (renderers[0], renderers[0].media_type) raise def perform_authentication(self, request): """ Perform authentication on the incoming request. Note that if you override this and simply 'pass', then authentication will instead be performed lazily, the first time either `request.user` or `request.auth` is accessed. """ request.user def check_permissions(self, request): """ Check if the request should be permitted. Raises an appropriate exception if the request is not permitted. """ for permission in self.get_permissions(): if not permission.has_permission(request, self): self.permission_denied( request, message=getattr(permission, 'message', None) ) def check_object_permissions(self, request, obj): """ Check if the request should be permitted for a given object. Raises an appropriate exception if the request is not permitted. """ for permission in self.get_permissions(): if not permission.has_object_permission(request, self, obj): self.permission_denied( request, message=getattr(permission, 'message', None) ) def check_throttles(self, request): """ Check if request should be throttled. Raises an appropriate exception if the request is throttled. """ for throttle in self.get_throttles(): if not throttle.allow_request(request, self): self.throttled(request, throttle.wait()) def determine_version(self, request, *args, **kwargs): """ If versioning is being used, then determine any API version for the incoming request. Returns a two-tuple of (version, versioning_scheme) """ if self.versioning_class is None: return (None, None) scheme = self.versioning_class() return (scheme.determine_version(request, *args, **kwargs), scheme) # Dispatch methods def initialize_request(self, request, *args, **kwargs): """ Returns the initial request object. """ parser_context = self.get_parser_context(request) return Request( request, parsers=self.get_parsers(), authenticators=self.get_authenticators(), negotiator=self.get_content_negotiator(), parser_context=parser_context ) def initial(self, request, *args, **kwargs): """ Runs anything that needs to occur prior to calling the method handler. """ self.format_kwarg = self.get_format_suffix(**kwargs) # Perform content negotiation and store the accepted info on the request neg = self.perform_content_negotiation(request) request.accepted_renderer, request.accepted_media_type = neg # Determine the API version, if versioning is in use. version, scheme = self.determine_version(request, *args, **kwargs) request.version, request.versioning_scheme = version, scheme # Ensure that the incoming request is permitted self.perform_authentication(request) self.check_permissions(request) self.check_throttles(request) def finalize_response(self, request, response, *args, **kwargs): """ Returns the final response object. """ # Make the error obvious if a proper response is not returned assert isinstance(response, HttpResponseBase), ( 'Expected a `Response`, `HttpResponse` or `HttpStreamingResponse` ' 'to be returned from the view, but received a `%s`' % type(response) ) if isinstance(response, Response): if not getattr(request, 'accepted_renderer', None): neg = self.perform_content_negotiation(request, force=True) request.accepted_renderer, request.accepted_media_type = neg response.accepted_renderer = request.accepted_renderer response.accepted_media_type = request.accepted_media_type response.renderer_context = self.get_renderer_context() # Add new vary headers to the response instead of overwriting. vary_headers = self.headers.pop('Vary', None) if vary_headers is not None: patch_vary_headers(response, cc_delim_re.split(vary_headers)) for key, value in self.headers.items(): response[key] = value return response def handle_exception(self, exc): """ Handle any exception that occurs, by returning an appropriate response, or re-raising the error. """ if isinstance(exc, (exceptions.NotAuthenticated, exceptions.AuthenticationFailed)): # WWW-Authenticate header for 401 responses, else coerce to 403 auth_header = self.get_authenticate_header(self.request) if auth_header: exc.auth_header = auth_header else: exc.status_code = status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN exception_handler = self.get_exception_handler() context = self.get_exception_handler_context() response = exception_handler(exc, context) if response is None: self.raise_uncaught_exception(exc) response.exception = True return response def raise_uncaught_exception(self, exc): if settings.DEBUG: request = self.request renderer_format = getattr(request.accepted_renderer, 'format') use_plaintext_traceback = renderer_format not in ('html', 'api', 'admin') request.force_plaintext_errors(use_plaintext_traceback) raise # Note: Views are made CSRF exempt from within `as_view` as to prevent # accidental removal of this exemption in cases where `dispatch` needs to # be overridden. def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs): """ `.dispatch()` is pretty much the same as Django's regular dispatch, but with extra hooks for startup, finalize, and exception handling. """ self.args = args self.kwargs = kwargs request = self.initialize_request(request, *args, **kwargs) self.request = request self.headers = self.default_response_headers # deprecate? try: self.initial(request, *args, **kwargs) # Get the appropriate handler method if request.method.lower() in self.http_method_names: handler = getattr(self, request.method.lower(), self.http_method_not_allowed) else: handler = self.http_method_not_allowed response = handler(request, *args, **kwargs) except Exception as exc: response = self.handle_exception(exc) self.response = self.finalize_response(request, response, *args, **kwargs) return self.response def options(self, request, *args, **kwargs): """ Handler method for HTTP 'OPTIONS' request. """ if self.metadata_class is None: return self.http_method_not_allowed(request, *args, **kwargs) data = self.metadata_class().determine_metadata(request, self) return Response(data, status=status.HTTP_200_OK)
""" Generic views that provide commonly needed behaviour. """ from __future__ import unicode_literals from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError from django.db.models.query import QuerySet from django.http import Http404 from django.shortcuts import get_object_or_404 as _get_object_or_404 from rest_framework import mixins, views from rest_framework.settings import api_settings def get_object_or_404(queryset, *filter_args, **filter_kwargs): """ Same as Django's standard shortcut, but make sure to also raise 404 if the filter_kwargs don't match the required types. """ try: return _get_object_or_404(queryset, *filter_args, **filter_kwargs) except (TypeError, ValueError, ValidationError): raise Http404 class GenericAPIView(views.APIView): """ Base class for all other generic views. """ # You'll need to either set these attributes, # or override `get_queryset()`/`get_serializer_class()`. # If you are overriding a view method, it is important that you call # `get_queryset()` instead of accessing the `queryset` property directly, # as `queryset` will get evaluated only once, and those results are cached # for all subsequent requests. queryset = None serializer_class = None # If you want to use object lookups other than pk, set 'lookup_field'. # For more complex lookup requirements override `get_object()`. lookup_field = 'pk' lookup_url_kwarg = None # The filter backend classes to use for queryset filtering filter_backends = api_settings.DEFAULT_FILTER_BACKENDS # The style to use for queryset pagination. pagination_class = api_settings.DEFAULT_PAGINATION_CLASS def get_queryset(self): """ Get the list of items for this view. This must be an iterable, and may be a queryset. Defaults to using `self.queryset`. This method should always be used rather than accessing `self.queryset` directly, as `self.queryset` gets evaluated only once, and those results are cached for all subsequent requests. You may want to override this if you need to provide different querysets depending on the incoming request. (Eg. return a list of items that is specific to the user) """ assert self.queryset is not None, ( "'%s' should either include a `queryset` attribute, " "or override the `get_queryset()` method." % self.__class__.__name__ ) queryset = self.queryset if isinstance(queryset, QuerySet): # Ensure queryset is re-evaluated on each request. queryset = queryset.all() return queryset def get_object(self): """ Returns the object the view is displaying. You may want to override this if you need to provide non-standard queryset lookups. Eg if objects are referenced using multiple keyword arguments in the url conf. """ queryset = self.filter_queryset(self.get_queryset()) # Perform the lookup filtering. lookup_url_kwarg = self.lookup_url_kwarg or self.lookup_field assert lookup_url_kwarg in self.kwargs, ( 'Expected view %s to be called with a URL keyword argument ' 'named "%s". Fix your URL conf, or set the `.lookup_field` ' 'attribute on the view correctly.' % (self.__class__.__name__, lookup_url_kwarg) ) filter_kwargs = {self.lookup_field: self.kwargs[lookup_url_kwarg]} obj = get_object_or_404(queryset, **filter_kwargs) # May raise a permission denied self.check_object_permissions(self.request, obj) return obj def get_serializer(self, *args, **kwargs): """ Return the serializer instance that should be used for validating and deserializing input, and for serializing output. """ serializer_class = self.get_serializer_class() kwargs['context'] = self.get_serializer_context() return serializer_class(*args, **kwargs) def get_serializer_class(self): """ Return the class to use for the serializer. Defaults to using `self.serializer_class`. You may want to override this if you need to provide different serializations depending on the incoming request. (Eg. admins get full serialization, others get basic serialization) """ assert self.serializer_class is not None, ( "'%s' should either include a `serializer_class` attribute, " "or override the `get_serializer_class()` method." % self.__class__.__name__ ) return self.serializer_class def get_serializer_context(self): """ Extra context provided to the serializer class. """ return { 'request': self.request, 'format': self.format_kwarg, 'view': self } def filter_queryset(self, queryset): """ Given a queryset, filter it with whichever filter backend is in use. You are unlikely to want to override this method, although you may need to call it either from a list view, or from a custom `get_object` method if you want to apply the configured filtering backend to the default queryset. """ for backend in list(self.filter_backends): queryset = backend().filter_queryset(self.request, queryset, self) return queryset @property def paginator(self): """ The paginator instance associated with the view, or `None`. """ if not hasattr(self, '_paginator'): if self.pagination_class is None: self._paginator = None else: self._paginator = self.pagination_class() return self._paginator def paginate_queryset(self, queryset): """ Return a single page of results, or `None` if pagination is disabled. """ if self.paginator is None: return None return self.paginator.paginate_queryset(queryset, self.request, view=self) def get_paginated_response(self, data): """ Return a paginated style `Response` object for the given output data. """ assert self.paginator is not None return self.paginator.get_paginated_response(data) # Concrete view classes that provide method handlers # by composing the mixin classes with the base view. class CreateAPIView(mixins.CreateModelMixin, GenericAPIView): """ Concrete view for creating a model instance. """ def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return self.create(request, *args, **kwargs) class ListAPIView(mixins.ListModelMixin, GenericAPIView): """ Concrete view for listing a queryset. """ def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs) class RetrieveAPIView(mixins.RetrieveModelMixin, GenericAPIView): """ Concrete view for retrieving a model instance. """ def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return self.retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs) class DestroyAPIView(mixins.DestroyModelMixin, GenericAPIView): """ Concrete view for deleting a model instance. """ def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return self.destroy(request, *args, **kwargs) class UpdateAPIView(mixins.UpdateModelMixin, GenericAPIView): """ Concrete view for updating a model instance. """ def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return self.update(request, *args, **kwargs) def patch(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return self.partial_update(request, *args, **kwargs) class ListCreateAPIView(mixins.ListModelMixin, mixins.CreateModelMixin, GenericAPIView): """ Concrete view for listing a queryset or creating a model instance. """ def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs) def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return self.create(request, *args, **kwargs) class RetrieveUpdateAPIView(mixins.RetrieveModelMixin, mixins.UpdateModelMixin, GenericAPIView): """ Concrete view for retrieving, updating a model instance. """ def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return self.retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs) def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return self.update(request, *args, **kwargs) def patch(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return self.partial_update(request, *args, **kwargs) class RetrieveDestroyAPIView(mixins.RetrieveModelMixin, mixins.DestroyModelMixin, GenericAPIView): """ Concrete view for retrieving or deleting a model instance. """ def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return self.retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs) def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return self.destroy(request, *args, **kwargs) class RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView(mixins.RetrieveModelMixin, mixins.UpdateModelMixin, mixins.DestroyModelMixin, GenericAPIView): """ Concrete view for retrieving, updating or deleting a model instance. """ def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return self.retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs) def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return self.update(request, *args, **kwargs) def patch(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return self.partial_update(request, *args, **kwargs) def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs): return self.destroy(request, *args, **kwargs) generic
""" ViewSets are essentially just a type of class based view, that doesn't provide any method handlers, such as `get()`, `post()`, etc... but instead has actions, such as `list()`, `retrieve()`, `create()`, etc... Actions are only bound to methods at the point of instantiating the views. user_list = UserViewSet.as_view({'get': 'list'}) user_detail = UserViewSet.as_view({'get': 'retrieve'}) Typically, rather than instantiate views from viewsets directly, you'll register the viewset with a router and let the URL conf be determined automatically. router = DefaultRouter() router.register(r'users', UserViewSet, 'user') urlpatterns = router.urls """ from __future__ import unicode_literals from functools import update_wrapper from inspect import getmembers from django.utils.decorators import classonlymethod from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_exempt from rest_framework import generics, mixins, views from rest_framework.reverse import reverse def _is_extra_action(attr): return hasattr(attr, 'bind_to_methods') class ViewSetMixin(object): """ This is the magic. Overrides `.as_view()` so that it takes an `actions` keyword that performs the binding of HTTP methods to actions on the Resource. For example, to create a concrete view binding the 'GET' and 'POST' methods to the 'list' and 'create' actions... view = MyViewSet.as_view({'get': 'list', 'post': 'create'}) """ @classonlymethod def as_view(cls, actions=None, **initkwargs): """ Because of the way class based views create a closure around the instantiated view, we need to totally reimplement `.as_view`, and slightly modify the view function that is created and returned. """ # The suffix initkwarg is reserved for displaying the viewset type. # eg. 'List' or 'Instance'. cls.suffix = None # The detail initkwarg is reserved for introspecting the viewset type. cls.detail = None # Setting a basename allows a view to reverse its action urls. This # value is provided by the router through the initkwargs. cls.basename = None # actions must not be empty if not actions: raise TypeError("The `actions` argument must be provided when " "calling `.as_view()` on a ViewSet. For example " "`.as_view({'get': 'list'})`") # sanitize keyword arguments for key in initkwargs: if key in cls.http_method_names: raise TypeError("You tried to pass in the %s method name as a " "keyword argument to %s(). Don't do that." % (key, cls.__name__)) if not hasattr(cls, key): raise TypeError("%s() received an invalid keyword %r" % ( cls.__name__, key)) def view(request, *args, **kwargs): self = cls(**initkwargs) # We also store the mapping of request methods to actions, # so that we can later set the action attribute. # eg. `self.action = 'list'` on an incoming GET request. self.action_map = actions # Bind methods to actions # This is the bit that's different to a standard view for method, action in actions.items(): handler = getattr(self, action) setattr(self, method, handler) if hasattr(self, 'get') and not hasattr(self, 'head'): self.head = self.get self.request = request self.args = args self.kwargs = kwargs # And continue as usual return self.dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs) # take name and docstring from class update_wrapper(view, cls, updated=()) # and possible attributes set by decorators # like csrf_exempt from dispatch update_wrapper(view, cls.dispatch, assigned=()) # We need to set these on the view function, so that breadcrumb # generation can pick out these bits of information from a # resolved URL. view.cls = cls view.initkwargs = initkwargs view.suffix = initkwargs.get('suffix', None) view.actions = actions return csrf_exempt(view) def initialize_request(self, request, *args, **kwargs): """ Set the `.action` attribute on the view, depending on the request method. """ request = super(ViewSetMixin, self).initialize_request(request, *args, **kwargs) method = request.method.lower() if method == 'options': # This is a special case as we always provide handling for the # options method in the base `View` class. # Unlike the other explicitly defined actions, 'metadata' is implicit. self.action = 'metadata' else: self.action = self.action_map.get(method) return request def reverse_action(self, url_name, *args, **kwargs): """ Reverse the action for the given `url_name`. """ url_name = '%s-%s' % (self.basename, url_name) kwargs.setdefault('request', self.request) return reverse(url_name, *args, **kwargs) @classmethod def get_extra_actions(cls): """ Get the methods that are marked as an extra ViewSet `@action`. """ return [method for _, method in getmembers(cls, _is_extra_action)] class ViewSet(ViewSetMixin, views.APIView): """ The base ViewSet class does not provide any actions by default. """ pass class GenericViewSet(ViewSetMixin, generics.GenericAPIView): """ The GenericViewSet class does not provide any actions by default, but does include the base set of generic view behavior, such as the `get_object` and `get_queryset` methods. """ pass class ReadOnlyModelViewSet(mixins.RetrieveModelMixin, mixins.ListModelMixin, GenericViewSet): """ A viewset that provides default `list()` and `retrieve()` actions. """ pass class ModelViewSet(mixins.CreateModelMixin, mixins.RetrieveModelMixin, mixins.UpdateModelMixin, mixins.DestroyModelMixin, mixins.ListModelMixin, GenericViewSet): """ A viewset that provides default `create()`, `retrieve()`, `update()`, `partial_update()`, `destroy()` and `list()` actions. """ pass
mixins作用:增删改查
GenericAPIView/GenericViewSet:让APIView语法更简洁,因为多了分页、过滤、搜索、排序等功能
总结:APIView最灵活,GenericViewSet最简洁同时功能更多(分页、过滤、搜索、排序等)
request/response
request:支持接收各种类型的数据,且数据均在request.data内
response:支持返回json、html等类型的数据