[Sdoi2017]序列计数
题目大意:https://www.lydsy.com/JudgeOnline/problem.php?id=4818.
题解:
首先列出来一个递推式子
$f[i][0]$表示$i$个任意数的答案。
$f[i][1]$表示$i$个合数的答案。
转移的时候发现可以用矩阵优化这个过程。
至于怎么把矩阵建出来,我们可以开个桶来解决这个问题。
代码:
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;
const int mod = 20170408 ;
char *p1, *p2, buf[100000];
#define nc() (p1 == p2 && (p2 = (p1 = buf) + fread(buf, 1, 100000, stdin), p1 == p2) ? EOF : *p1 ++ )
int rd() {
int x = 0;
char c = nc();
while (c < 48) {
c = nc();
}
while (c > 47) {
x = (((x << 2) + x) << 1) + (c ^ 48), c = nc();
}
return x;
}
int p, n, m;
struct Matr {
int a[110][110];
Matr() {memset(a, 0, sizeof a);}
friend Matr operator * (const Matr &a, const Matr &b) {
Matr re;
for (int i = 0; i < p; i ++ ) {
for (int j = 0; j < p; j ++ ) {
for (int k = 0; k < p; k ++ ) {
(re.a[i][j] += (ll)a.a[i][k] * b.a[k][j] % mod) %= mod;
}
}
}
return re;
}
friend Matr operator ^ (Matr x, int y) {
Matr re;
for (int i = 0; i < p; i ++ ) {
re.a[i][i] = 1;
}
while (y) {
if (y & 1) {
re = re * x;
}
y >>= 1;
x = x * x;
}
return re;
}
}M, A;
int bu[110];
bool vis[20000010];
int prime[20000010], cnt;
int main() {
n = rd(), m = rd(), p = rd();
for (int i = 0; i < p; i ++ ) {
bu[i] = m / p;
if (i) {
if (i <= m % p) {
bu[i] ++ ;
}
}
}
for (int i = 0; i < p; i ++ ) {
for (int j = 0; j < p; j ++ ) {
M.a[i][j] = bu[(j - i + p) % p];
}
}
for (int i = 0; i < p; i ++ ) {
A.a[0][i] = bu[i];
}
A = A * (M ^ (n - 1));
int ans = A.a[0][0];
vis[1] = true;
for (int i = 2; i <= m; i ++ ) {
if (!vis[i]) {
prime[ ++ cnt] = i;
}
for (int j = 1; j <= cnt && (ll)i * prime[j] <= m; j ++ ) {
vis[i * prime[j]] = true;
if (i % prime[j] == 0) {
break;
}
}
}
for (int i = 1; i <= m; i ++ ) {
if (!vis[i]) {
bu[i % p] -- ;
}
}
for (int i = 0; i < p; i ++ ) {
A.a[0][i] = bu[i];
}
for (int i = 0; i < p; i ++ ) {
for (int j = 0; j < p; j ++ ) {
M.a[i][j] = bu[(j - i + p) % p];
}
}
A = A * (M ^ (n - 1));
printf("%d\n", (ans - A.a[0][0] + mod) % mod);
return 0;
}
小结:就是这种求存在的问题,可以转化成全部-不存在。