Linux Oracle 11g dataguard物理standby的配置

这两天研究了下oracle 11g dataguard 物理standby 功能,总体来说这个功能满足公司需求,好了,不多说了,以下是详细的配置过程。

主库:

IP:192.168.77.5
主机名:nod1
ORACLE_SID=test
ORACLE_BASE=/oracle/app/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1

备库:

IP:192.168.77.10
主机名:nod2
ORACLE_SID=test
ORACLE_BASE=/oracle/app/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1

准备工作:分别在主库和备库都安装上oracle软件,不装数据库。

安装配置步骤:

1、主库运行dbca创建数据库(安装过程中需要注意:先关掉flash recovery),数据库名为test

2、登陆到数据库上

	
[oracle@nod1 ~]$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 星期四 3月 11 20:31:09 2010
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
SQL> conn / as sysdba;
Connected.
SQL>

3、将主库设置为 FORCE LOGGING 模式

	
SQL> ALTER DATABASE FORCE LOGGING;
Database altered.

4、创建一个密码文件,如果数据库是用dbca创建的则会在$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/下自动创建一个叫orapwdSID的一个密码文件。(否则可以用orapwd命令创建一个)。

5、配置Standby Redo Log。创建组数至少要比主库的online redo log组数多一个。

	
SQL> select group#,bytes from v$log;
GROUP#      BYTES
---------- ----------
1   52428800
2   52428800
3   52428800

这里创建4组

	
SQL> ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE GROUP 4 ('/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/test/stdbyredo01.log') SIZE 52428800;
Database altered.
SQL> ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE GROUP 5 ('/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/test/stdbyredo02.log') SIZE 52428800;
Database altered.
SQL> ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE GROUP 6 ('/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/test/stdbyredo03.log') SIZE 52428800;
Database altered.
SQL> ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE GROUP 7 ('/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/test/stdbyredo04.log') SIZE 52428800;

验证一下创建是否成功

	
SQL> SELECT GROUP#,THREAD#,SEQUENCE#,ARCHIVED,STATUS FROM V$STANDBY_LOG;
GROUP#    THREAD#  SEQUENCE# ARC STATUS
---------- ---------- ---------- --- ----------
4          0          0 YES UNASSIGNED
5          0          0 YES UNASSIGNED
6          0          0 YES UNASSIGNED
7          0          0 YES UNASSIGNED
Database altered.

如果想删除某个组可以用下面的命令:

	
SQL> alter database drop standby logfile group 4;

如果给某个组添加成员可以用下面命令:

	
SQL> ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE MEMBER '/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/test/stdbyredo04_1.log' TO GROUP 7;

删除组中的成员用以下命令:

	
SQL> ALTER DATABASE DROP STANDBY LOGFILE MEMBER '/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/test/stdbyredo04_1.log';
Database altered.
SQL> host rm -f /oracle/app/oracle/oradata/test/stdbyredo04_1.log

6、检查数据库是否处于归档状态

	
SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode              Archive Mode
Automatic archival             Enabled
Archive destination            /oracle/app/oraclearch_log
Oldest online log sequence     1
Next log sequence to archive   2
Current log sequence           2

如果不是处于归档状态则运行下面命令:

	
SQL> SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;
SQL> STARTUP MOUNT;
SQL> ALTER DATABASE ARCHIVELOG;
SQL> ALTER DATABASE OPEN;

7、创建备库的控制文件(创建后数据库不能做结构性的改变)

	
SQL> ALTER DATABASE CREATE STANDBY CONTROLFILE AS '/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/test/stdby.ctl';

8、创建pfile以便于修改配置参数

	
SQL> CREATE PFILE='/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/test/pfile' FROM SPFILE;

9、关掉数据库开始编辑参数

	
SQL> shutdown immediate;

10、$ vi /oracle/app/oracle/oradata/test/pfile

添加下面内容

	
DB_UNIQUE_NAME=nod1
LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(nod1,nod2)'
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2=
'SERVICE=nod2 LGWR ASYNC
 VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) 
 DB_UNIQUE_NAME=nod2'
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE
LOG_ARCHIVE_MAX_PROCESSES=30
FAL_SERVER=nod2
FAL_CLIENT=nod1
DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='nod2','nod1'
STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=AUTO

11、进入sqlplus创建pfile(NOMOUNT状态)

	
SQL> CREATE SPFILE from PFILE='/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/test/pfile';

12、创建tnsnames.ora和listener.ora,可以手动创建也可以用netca创建,无论哪种方法都必须保证能互相畅通。

	
$ cd /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/
$ vi tnsnames.ora

输入下面内容:

	
nod2 =
 (DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
 (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.77.10)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
 (SERVICE_NAME = test)
)
 )
nod1 =
 (DESCRIPTION =
 (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.77.5)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT _DATA =
 (SERVER = DEDICATED)
 (SERVICE_NAME = test)
)
 )
$ vi listener.ora
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
 (SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
 (SID_NAME = test)
 (ORACLE_HOME = /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
 (PROGRAM = extproc)
)
(SID_DESC =
                           (GLOBAL_DBNAME = test)
 (SID_NAME = test)
 (ORACLE_HOME = /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
)
 )
LISTENER =
 (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
 (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = nod2)(PORT = 1521))
 (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC0))
)
 )

13、复制备份文件到备库

	
$ cd /oracle/app/oracle
$ scp -r arch_log/ admin/ oradata/ 192.168.77.10:/oracle/app/oracle
$ cd /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/
$ scp listener.ora  tnsnames.ora 192.168.77.10:/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/
$ cd /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/
$ scp orapwtest 192.168.77.10:/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/

14、打开备库做以下操作

	
$ cd /oracle/app/oracle/oradata/test/
$ rm -rf control0*
$ cp stdby.ctl control01.ctl
$ cp stdby.ctl control02.ctl
$ cp stdby.ctl control03.ctl

$ vi pfile 对相应文件做修改

DB_UNIQUE_NAME=nod2
LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(nod1,nod2)'
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2=
'SERVICE=nod1 LGWR ASYNC
 VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE)
 DB_UNIQUE_NAME=nod1'
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE
LOG_ARCHIVE_MAX_PROCESSES=30
FAL_SERVER=nod1
FAL_CLIENT=nod2
DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='nod2','nod1'
STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=AUTO

$ cd /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/
$ vi listener.ora

将nod1修改为nod2

15、在备库中进入sqlplus

	
$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL> conn / as sysdba;
SQL> CREATE SPFILE from PFILE='/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/test/pfile';
shutdown immediate; 

16、测试oracle net是否畅通

首先启动监听服务(分别在主机和备机上进行)

	
$ lsnrctl stop
$ lsnrctl start

分别在主机和备机上运行下面命令来测试

	
$ tnsping nod1
$ tnsping nod2

17、启动主库(正常启动)

	
$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL> conn / as sysdba;
SQL> startup

18、启动备库到mount状态,并打开redo Apply

	
$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL> conn / as sysdba;
SQL> startup mount
SQL> ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE DISCONNECT FROM SESSION;

19、在主库上做一次日志切换

	
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SWITCH LOGFILE;

20、分别在主库和备库上做下列查询,检查归档日志是否由主库传送到备库,以下语句可以查看日志应用情况。

	
SQL> SELECT SEQUENCE#,APPLIED FROM V$ARCHIVED_LOG  ORDER BY SEQUENCE#;


SEQUENCE# APP
---------- ---
2 YES
3 YES

如果出现上面情况则说明配置成功。

21、在主 库建表然后在备库查询进行验证

	
SQL> create table nod2(id integer,name char(10))
SQL> insert into nod2 values(1,'nod1');
SQL> commit;
SQL> select * from nod2;
ID NAME
---------- ----------
1 nod1

22、在主库上做个日志归档

	
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM ARCHIVE LOG CURRENT;

23、在备库上取消掉redo apply

	
SQL> ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE CANCEL;
SQL> ALTER DATABASE OPEN;
SQL> select * from nod2;

ID NAME
---------- ----------
1 nod1

测试成功

24、再次切换为备库的redo apply状态

	
SQL> ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE DISCONNECT FROM SESSION;

主库备库互相切换
--------------------------

此步骤在切换成功后,要进行主机HOST的相应配置,要不然在日志切换时会报错。

25、在主库上做如下sql语句

	
SQL> ALTER DATABASE COMMIT TO SWITCHOVER TO PHYSICAL STANDBY WITH SESSION SHUTDOWN;
SQL> shutdown immediate;
SQL> startup nomount;
SQL> ALTER DATABASE MOUNT STANDBY DATABASE;
SQL> RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE DISCONNECT;

26、在备库上做switchover

	
SQL> ALTER DATABASE COMMIT TO SWITCHOVER TO PRIMARY;
SQL> shutdown immediate;
SQL> startup

27、分别在新的主库和备库上查看状态,验证主库备库是否切换正常。

	
SQL> select name,database_role from v$database;

再次创建表在切换后的主库备库上验证。

28、在新的主库上创建表

	
SQL> create table nod1(id integer,name char(10));
SQL> insert into nod1 values(111,'haha');
SQL> commit;
SQL> select * from nod1;
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM ARCHIVE LOG CURRENT;

29、在新的备库上做下面操作以取消redo apply

	
SQL> ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE CANCEL;
SQL> ALTER DATABASE OPEN;
SQL> select * from nod1;

30、恢复新备库为redo apply状态

维护:

1、开机顺序,先备库的listener再启动备库。再启动主库的listener,再启动主库;

2、关机顺序,先关闭主库,再关闭备库。

附上实时查看日志同步日志,可以查看问题所在:

	
 tail -f /oracle/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/nod1/test/trace/alert_test.log 

stanby上检查应用率和活动率:

	
SQL>select to_char(start_time,'dd-mon-rr hh24:mi:ss') start_time,item,sofar from V$recovery_progress where item in ('Active Apply Rate', 'Average Apply Rate','Redo Applied');

Redo Applied值以MB衡量,而Active Apply Rate和Average Apply Rate以KB/s计算。

以上就是整个Oracle 11g dataguard物理standby 数据实时同步配置过程。

 

文章装在自: http://express.ruanko.com/ruanko-express_52/studentexchange4.html  作者:张佳雄

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/StruggleBird/archive/2012/12/28/2837503.html

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