利用backtrace和backtrace_symbols函数打印调用栈信息

在头文件"execinfo.h"中声明了三个函数用于获取当前线程的函数调用堆栈。

#include <execinfo.h>

 int backtrace(void **buffer, int size);

 char **backtrace_symbols(void *const *buffer, int size);

 void backtrace_symbols_fd(void *const *buffer, int size, int fd);

man 帮助：

DESCRIPTION        

         A backtrace is the series of currently active
       function calls for the program.  Each item in the array pointed to by
       buffer is of type void *, and is the return address from the
       corresponding stack frame.  The size argument specifies the maximum
       number of addresses that can be stored in buffer.  If the backtrace
       is larger than size, then the addresses corresponding to the size
       most recent function calls are returned; to obtain the complete
       backtrace, make sure that buffer and size are large enough.

       Given the set of addresses returned by backtrace() in buffer,
       .  The size argument
       specifies the number of addresses in buffer.  The symbolic
       representation of each address consists of the function name (if this
       can be determined), a hexadecimal offset into the function, and the
       actual return address (in hexadecimal). 

       backtrace_symbols_fd() takes the same buffer and size arguments as
       backtrace_symbols(), but instead of returning an array of strings to
       the caller,.  backtrace_symbols_fd() does not call malloc(3), and
       so can be employed in situations where the latter function might
       fail.

#include <execinfo.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>

void
myfunc3(void)
{
   int j, nptrs;
#define SIZE 100
   void *buffer[100];
   char **strings;

   nptrs = backtrace(buffer, SIZE);
   printf("backtrace() returned %d addresses\n", nptrs);

   /* The call backtrace_symbols_fd(buffer, nptrs, STDOUT_FILENO)
      would produce similar output to the following: */

   strings = backtrace_symbols(buffer, nptrs);
   if (strings == NULL) {
       perror("backtrace_symbols");
       exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
   }

   for (j = 0; j < nptrs; j++)
       printf("%s\n", strings[j]);

   free(strings);
}

static void   /* "static" means don't export the symbol... */
myfunc2(void)
{
   myfunc3();
}

void
myfunc(int ncalls)
{
   if (ncalls > 1)
       myfunc(ncalls - 1);
   else
       myfunc2();
}

int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
   if (argc != 2) {
       fprintf(stderr, "%s num-calls\n", argv[0]);
       exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
   }

   myfunc(atoi(argv[1]));
   exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}

结果：

总结：使用以下几个函数既可完成堆栈信息的打印
int backtrace (void **buffer, int size)
char ** backtrace_symbols (void *const *buffer, int size)

char* abi::__cxa_demangle
(
const char * mangled_name,

char * output_buffer,

size_t * length,

int * status

)

1. backtrace可以在程序运行的任何地方被调用，返回各个调用函数的返回地址，可以限制最大调用栈返回层数。

2. 在backtrace拿到函数返回地址之后，backtrace_symbols可以将其转换为编译符号，这些符号是编译期间就确定的

3. 根据backtrace_symbols返回的编译符号，abi::__cxa_demangle可以找到具体地函数方法

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/mickole/p/3246702.html