工作流中的活动就像用户自定义的控件，将许多的功能封装起来用。WF4.0中提供了四种可继承的活动类：CodeActivity 、AsyncCodeActivity、Activity、NativeActivity。这几种活动都有自己使用的适合场合，正确的使用这些活动将非常有利。
1、CodeActivity
WF4.0中的活动是树形结构的，创建叶子活动最简单是方式就是使用CodeActivity ，它的逻辑都放在一个方法：Execute 里面，这个也是四种活动中最简单的一种。这里用一个简单的自定活动HttpGet来说明怎么使用CodeActivity。HttpGet的功能是从网络上抓取数据。
{
public InArgument < string > Uri { get ; set ; }
protected override string Execute(CodeActivityContext context)
{
WebRequest request = HttpWebRequest.Create( this .Uri.Get(context));
using (WebResponse response = request.GetResponse())
{
// read everything response.GetResponseStream() as one string
using (StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(response.GetResponseStream()))
{
return reader.ReadToEnd();
}
}
}
}
public InArgument<string> Uri { get; set; }是工作流中的一个属性，相当于类的属性，不过取它的值与类有点不同，你需要使用：Uri.Get(context))或者context.GetValue(Uri)，Execute方法是这个活动的逻辑，特别注意CodeActivityContext context参数，这是WF的上下文，非常有用。
如何使用这个活动：
{
Uri = " http://www.msn.com "
};
string msnContent = WorkflowInvoker.Invoke < string > (fetchMsn);
Console.WriteLine(msnC ontent);
2、AsyncCodeActivity
AsyncCodeActivity 类似CodeActivity ，只是它是使用了 Begin/EndExecute 取代了CodeActivity的Execute 方法。BeginExecute 开始一个异步操作，无需等待它完成，就返回IAsyncResult对象 。当这个操作完成的时候，就执行EndExecute 方法放回结果。HttpGet 能这样实现，请注意CodeActivityContext换成了AsyncCodeActivityContext：
{
public InArgument < string > Uri { get ; set ; }
protected override IAsyncResult BeginExecute(AsyncCodeActivityContext context, AsyncCallback callback, object state)
{
WebRequest request = HttpWebRequest.Create( this .Uri.Get(context));
context.UserState = request;
return request.BeginGetResponse(callback, state);
}
protected override string EndExecute(AsyncCodeActivityContext context, IAsyncResult result)
{
WebRequest request = (WebRequest)context.UserState;
using (WebResponse response = request.EndGetResponse(result))
{
using (StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(response.GetResponseStream()))
{
return reader.ReadToEnd();
}
}
}
}
3、Activity
Activity可以以组合的方式定义活动。开发人员可以使用已有活动构建一个活动树来实现这个活动。如果你需要在工作流中完成一些复杂的逻辑，可以使用这种方式。这里用一个flowchart为例：
代码
{
public string promoCode { get ; set ; }
public int numKids { get ; set ; }
public FlowChartActivity( string promoCode, int numKids)
{
this .promoCode = promoCode;
this .numKids = numKids;
base .Implementation = new Func < Activity > (CreateBody);
}
Activity CreateBody()
{
Variable < string > promo = new Variable < string > { Default = promoCode};
Variable < int > numberOfKids = new Variable < int > { Default = numKids };
Variable < double > discount = new Variable < double > ();
DelegateInArgument < DivideByZeroException > ex = new DelegateInArgument < DivideByZeroException > ();
FlowStep discountNotApplied = new FlowStep
{
Action = new WriteLine
{
DisplayName = " WriteLine: Discount not applied " ,
Text = " Discount not applied "
},
Next = null
};
FlowStep discountApplied = new FlowStep
{
Action = new WriteLine
{
DisplayName = " WriteLine: Discount applied " ,
Text = " Discount applied "
},
Next = null
};
FlowDecision flowDecision = new FlowDecision
{
Condition = ExpressionServices.Convert < bool > ((ctx) => discount.Get(ctx) > 0 ),
True = discountApplied,
False = discountNotApplied
};
FlowStep singleStep = new FlowStep
{
Action = new Assign
{
DisplayName = " discount = 10.0 " ,
To = new OutArgument < double > (discount),
Value = new InArgument < double > ( 10.0 )
},
Next = flowDecision
};
FlowStep mnkStep = new FlowStep
{
Action = new Assign
{
DisplayName = " discount = 15.0 " ,
To = new OutArgument < double > (discount),
Value = new InArgument < double > ( 15.0 )
},
Next = flowDecision
};
FlowStep mwkStep = new FlowStep
{
Action = new TryCatch
{
DisplayName = " Try/Catch for Divide By Zero Exception " ,
Try = new Assign
{
DisplayName = " discount = 15 + (1 - 1/numberOfKids)*10 " ,
To = new OutArgument < double > (discount),
Value = new InArgument < double > ((ctx) => ( 15 + ( 1 - 1 / numberOfKids.Get(ctx)) * 10 ))
},
Catches =
{
new Catch < System.DivideByZeroException >
{
Action = new ActivityAction < System.DivideByZeroException >
{
Argument = ex,
DisplayName = " ActivityAction - DivideByZeroException " ,
Handler =
new Sequence
{
DisplayName = " Divide by Zero Exception Workflow " ,
Activities =
{
new WriteLine()
{
DisplayName = " WriteLine: DivideByZeroException " ,
Text = " DivideByZeroException: Promo code is MWK - but number of kids = 0 "
},
new Assign < double >
{
DisplayName = " Exception - discount = 0 " ,
To = discount,
Value = new InArgument < double > ( 0 )
}
}
}
}
}
}
},
Next = flowDecision
};
FlowStep discountDefault = new FlowStep
{
Action = new Assign < double >
{
DisplayName = " Default discount assignment: discount = 0 " ,
To = discount,
Value = new InArgument < double > ( 0 )
},
Next = flowDecision
};
FlowSwitch < string > promoCodeSwitch = new FlowSwitch < string >
{
Expression = promo,
Cases =
{
{ " Single " , singleStep },
{ " MNK " , mnkStep },
{ " MWK " , mwkStep }
},
Default = discountDefault
};
Flowchart flowChart = new Flowchart
{
DisplayName = " Promotional Discount Calculation " ,
Variables = { discount, promo, numberOfKids },
StartNode = promoCodeSwitch,
Nodes =
{
promoCodeSwitch,
singleStep,
mnkStep,
mwkStep,
discountDefault,
flowDecision,
discountApplied,
discountNotApplied
}
};
return flowChart;
}
}
调用：
注意这个自定义活动实现与前面两个的区别，它在构造函数中指定实现活动的方法，而这个方法返回Activity类型。
4、NativeActivity
这个活动是四种活动中最强大的一个，实现起来非常的灵活。WF4.0中内置的Sequence 、While 、If、Parallel 等活动都继承此类。如果前面三种都实现不了，这个活动可能能实现你需要的功能。例如自定一个While：
代码
{
Collection < Variable > variables;
public MyWhile()
{
this .variables = new Collection < Variable > ();
}
public Collection < Variable > Variables
{
get
{
return this .variables;
}
}
public Activity < bool > Condition { get ; set ; }
public Activity Body { get ; set ; }
protected override void CacheMetadata(NativeActivityMetadata metadata)
{
// call base.CacheMetadata to add the Variables, Condition, and Body to the activity's metadata
base .CacheMetadata(metadata);
if ( this .Condition == null )
{
// MyWhile requires a Condition expression so - add a validation error if one isn't present
metadata.AddValidationError( string .Format( " While {0} requires a Condition " , this .DisplayName));
return ;
}
}
protected override void Execute(NativeActivityContext context)
{
InternalExecute(context, null );
}
void InternalExecute(NativeActivityContext context, ActivityInstance instance)
{
// schedule the Condition for evaluation
context.ScheduleActivity( this .Condition, new CompletionCallback < bool > (OnEvaluateConditionCompleted));
}
void OnEvaluateConditionCompleted(NativeActivityContext context, ActivityInstance instance, bool result)
{
if (result)
{
if ( this .Body != null )
{
// if the Condition evaluates to true and the Body is not null
// schedule the Body with the InternalExecute as the CompletionCallback
context.ScheduleActivity( this .Body, InternalExecute);
}
}
}
}
简单的看下这个MyWhile，很简单分两个部分看：属性和方法。属性有variables、Condition、和Body。方法有构造函数、CacheMetadata、Execute、OnEvaluateConditionCompleted。CacheMetadata、Execute覆盖父类的方法。ScheduleActivity完成之后执行OnEvaluateConditionCompleted。
总结：WF4.0的资料不多，但是相对WF3.0和3.5简单很多，自定义活动是非常重要学习内容。
（全文完）
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