SQL Server的Descending Indexes降序索引
1、建立测试环境
测试环境:SQL Server 2012
表结构如下
USE [test] GO CREATE TABLE [dbo].[tt8]( [id] INT IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL, [win_num] [int] NOT NULL DEFAULT ((0)), [lost_num] [int] NOT NULL DEFAULT ((0)), [draw_num] [int] NOT NULL DEFAULT ((0)), [offline_num] [int] NOT NULL DEFAULT ((0)), [login_key] [nvarchar](50) NULL CONSTRAINT [PK_user_T] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED ( [id] ASC )WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY] ) ON [PRIMARY] GO
插入测试数据
DECLARE @i INT; DECLARE @sql NVARCHAR(MAX); SET @i = 1; WHILE @i <= 9999 BEGIN SET @sql = 'INSERT INTO [dbo].[tt8] ( [win_num] , [lost_num] , [draw_num] , [offline_num] , [login_key] ) VALUES ( ''' + CAST(@i AS NVARCHAR(3000)) + ''' , ''' + CAST(@i AS NVARCHAR(3000)) + ''' , ''' + CAST(@i AS NVARCHAR(3000)) + ''' , ''' + CAST(@i AS NVARCHAR(3000)) + ''' , ''' + CAST(@i AS NVARCHAR(3000)) + ''' );'; EXEC ( @sql ); SET @i = @i + 1; END;
2、构建查询语句
查询语句如下,可以看到这个是组合字段排序,要求是:按照draw_num值正序,对于相同的draw_num值,按照win_num值倒序
select top 10 * from [dbo].[tt8] order by [draw_num] asc,[win_num] desc
根据查询语句建一个非聚集索引
CREATE NONCLUSTERED INDEX [IX_tt8_draw_numwin_num] ON [dbo].[tt8] ( [draw_num] ASC, [win_num] ASC )WITH (online= ON) ON [PRIMARY] GO
建了索引之后,执行计划如下,可以看到无法用到刚才建的索引,因为建索引时候,两个字段的排序顺序都是单向遍历的,统一升序或统一降序
3、建索引
那么,建索引时候能不能按照查询语句的顺序,[draw_num] 升序,[win_num] 降序呢?
答案是可以的,删除刚才建的索引,再建一个新索引
DROP INDEX [IX_tt8_draw_numwin_num] ON [tt8] CREATE NONCLUSTERED INDEX [IX_tt8_draw_numwin_num] ON [dbo].[tt8] ( [draw_num] ASC , [win_num] DESC
) WITH ( ONLINE = ON ) ON [PRIMARY] GO
建了索引之后,索引大概是这样,第一个字段升序,第二个字段降序
再查询一次,执行计划如下,可以看到这次利用到索引
通过这个例子说明,对于组合字段排序的语句,当多个字段排序顺序不一致的时候,只建单个字段的索引是无法利用到索引的,例如下面只建一个[draw_num] 字段的索引是无法利用到[IX_tt8_draw_num]索引的
CREATE NONCLUSTERED INDEX [IX_tt8_draw_num] ON [dbo].[tt8] ( [draw_num] ASC ) WITH ( ONLINE = ON ) ON [PRIMARY] GO
必须要建排序字段的组合索引,并且索引字段的排序要跟查询语句一致,这个索引在Oracle里面叫Descending Indexes
总结
Descending Indexes这个特性在SQL Server和Oracle的早期版本已经支持,在MySQL里面只有MySQL8.0才支持
所以有时候,还是商业数据库比较强大
参考文章:
https://www.mssqltips.com/sqlservertip/1337/building-sql-server-indexes-in-ascending-vs-descending-order/
如有不对的地方,欢迎大家拍砖o(∩_∩)o
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