【转自】x.509证书在wcf中的应用( web/iis篇)
在上一篇"x.509证书在WCF中的应用(CS篇)"里，我们知道了如何在应用程序中，利用x.509证书来验证WCF的消息安全(没看过的朋友建议先看下,地址http://www.cnblogs.com/yjmyzz/archive/2008/08/20/1272550.html),这一篇我们将尝试把x.509证书放到IIS里来验证WCF。
WCF宿主在IIS和普通应用程序里，原理虽然没什么不同，但在实际测试中发现，如果服务端与客户端都采用x.509证书来验证，服务端设置的自定义验证客户端证书的方法总是不起作用，无奈之下，只能在客户端采用了一种变相的方法来验证客户端证书。
废话不多说，还是来看具体步骤吧:
开发环境: Windows2003 + VS2008(SP1)
一.申请/颁发服务端证书和客户端证书
默认情况下，用makecert制作的证书，我经过多次尝试，在IE7里始终被认为不信任的证书(也许是我makecert的参数不 对)，导致在IE7里测试SSL时，总是显示"证书错误,导航已阻止"之类，所以在本例中，我们换一种方式，用windows2003自带的证书服务来申 请/颁发服务端证书和客户端证书，对这一块不熟悉的朋友，请参见"[原创图解]Win2003证书服务配置/客户端(服务端)证书申请/IIS站点SSL 设置"一文(地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/yjmyzz/archive/2008/08/21/1273201.html), 这里要注意的是服务端证书的"颁发给"的对象一定要和最后运行的url里的计算机名(或域名)信息一致，如下图，否则IE7会认为该证书有问题
二.Wcf web服务端开发
1.vs2008启动后，新建一个web Application(本例命名为WebServer)，添加一个wcf服务，命名为MyService,同样系统会自动增加一个IMyService的接口，这二个文件的内容如下:
MyService.svc.cs(代码很简单，返回服务端时间而已)
using System.ServiceModel;
namespace WebServer
{
// NOTE: If you change the class name "MyService" here, you must also update the reference to "MyService" in Web.config.
public class MyService : IMyService
{
public string Test()
{
return " 服务端时间：<br/> " + DateTime.Now.ToString();
}
}
}
IMyService.cs内容
using System.ServiceModel;
using System.Text;
namespace WebServer
{
// NOTE: If you change the interface name "IMyService" here, you must also update the reference to "IMyService" in Web.config.
[ServiceContract]
public interface IMyService
{
[OperationContract]
string Test();
}
}
配置文件Web.Config关键节点内容如下:
< behaviors >
< serviceBehaviors >
< behavior name = " WebServer.MyServiceBehavior " >
< serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled = " false " httpsGetEnabled = " true " httpsGetUrl = " https://jimmycntvs/MyService.svc " />
< serviceDebug includeExceptionDetailInFaults = " false " />
< serviceCredentials >
<!-- 下面这一行，在测试过程中，发现始终不起作用，只能放弃，转而在客户端的配置中用findValue = " ec0aa48043eab64714c92a0ff7fa0365e1b594af " x509FindType = " FindByThumbprint " 类似这样的方法来验证指定的客户端证书 -->
<!--< clientCertificate >
< authentication certificateValidationMode = " Custom " customCertificateValidatorType = " WebServer.CustomX509CertificateValidator,WebServer " />
</ clientCertificate >-->
< serviceCertificate findValue = " JimmyCntvs " storeLocation = " LocalMachine " x509FindType = " FindBySubjectName " storeName = " My " />
</ serviceCredentials >
</ behavior >
</ serviceBehaviors >
</ behaviors >
< bindings >
< wsHttpBinding >
< binding name = " wsHttpBinding_MyService " >
< security mode = " Transport " >
< transport clientCredentialType = " None " />
<!-- 设置成Certificate后，启动WCF时，总是提示出错[ 服务“SslRequireCert”的 SSL 设置与 IIS“Ssl”的 SSL 设置不匹配。]无奈只能设置成None -->
<!--< transport clientCredentialType = " Certificate " />-->
< message clientCredentialType = " Certificate " />
</ security >
</ binding >
</ wsHttpBinding >
</ bindings >
< services >
< service behaviorConfiguration = " WebServer.MyServiceBehavior "
name = " WebServer.MyService " >
< endpoint address = " https://jimmycntvs/MyService.svc " binding = " wsHttpBinding "
bindingConfiguration = " wsHttpBinding_MyService " contract = " WebServer.IMyService " >
< identity >
< dns value = " jimmycntvs " />
</ identity >
</ endpoint >
</ service >
</ services >
</ system.serviceModel >
<serviceMetadata httpGetEnabled="false" httpsGetEnabled="true" httpsGetUrl=" https://jimmycntvs/MyService.svc%22/>这行表明，只能用https方式取得wcf的元数据,httpsGetUrl标明了取得WCF元数据的地址
<serviceCertificate findValue="JimmyCntvs" storeLocation="LocalMachine" x509FindType="FindBySubjectName" storeName="My"/>这一句指wcf服务启动时，先验证服务端是否在LocalMachine这个位置有一个SubjectName为 JimmyCntvs的服务端证书
<security mode="Transport">
<transport clientCredentialType="None"/>
<message clientCredentialType="Certificate"/>
</security> 这里表示用Transport模式来进行安全验证，详细安全参数含义可参见 http://www.cnblogs.com/yjmyzz/archive/2008/08/19/1271133.html
2.IIS服务端配置
为方便测试，在IIS中直接把WebServer项目配置为一个站点(本例为http://localhost/)，同时正确安装第一步颁发的服务端证书，同时把"要求安全通道(SSL)"选中，这样站点就必须用https://来访问了
这些都弄好以后，就可以测试了,浏览https://localhost/MyService.svc，如果是IE7，可能会报一个"证书错误:导航已阻止"的错误，没关系，把localhost换成计算机名(本例中为jimmycntvs)就正常了,如下图:
三.Web 客户端开发
1.先生成服务端WCF的代理
vs2008命令行下运行
svcutil.exe https://jimmycntvs/MyService.svc?wsdl /d:c:"123 即把代理文件和配置文件输出到c:"123下
2.安装客户端证书
把第一步颁发的客户端证书正确安装，同时查看该证书的详细信息，记下"微缩图"去掉空格后的值(本例为ec0aa48043eab64714c92a0ff7fa0365e1b594af,每个证书的这个值都是唯一的)，后面会用到
3.vs.net2008新建一个WebClient的webApplication,把刚才的这二个文件加到WebClient中，同时output.config改名为Web.config，关键节点调整如下:
< behaviors >
< endpointBehaviors >
< behavior name = " NewBehavior " >
< clientCredentials >
<!--< clientCertificate findValue = " Jimmy.Yang " x509FindType = " FindBySubjectName " storeLocation = " CurrentUser " storeName = " My " />-->
<!-- 由于服务端设置的 < authentication certificateValidationMode = " Custom " customCertificateValidatorType = " WebServer.CustomX509CertificateValidator,WebServer " /> 在测试中发现总是不起作用，所以只能转而用下面的方式从客户端来验证特定的证书，理论上讲这样有安全隐患，建议实际操作时，可将本节加密后，再连同客户端证书一起分发给客户端，若用于安全性较高的环境，建议还是用UserName方式，到数据库里验证用户名和密码 -->
< clientCertificate findValue = " ec0aa48043eab64714c92a0ff7fa0365e1b594af " x509FindType = " FindByThumbprint " storeLocation = " CurrentUser " storeName = " My " /> < serviceCertificate >
< authentication certificateValidationMode = " None " />
</ serviceCertificate >
</ clientCredentials >
</ behavior >
</ endpointBehaviors >
</ behaviors >
< bindings >
< wsHttpBinding >
< binding name = " WSHttpBinding_IMyService " closeTimeout = " 00:01:00 "
openTimeout = " 00:01:00 " receiveTimeout = " 00:10:00 " sendTimeout = " 00:01:00 "
bypassProxyOnLocal = " false " transactionFlow = " false " hostNameComparisonMode = " StrongWildcard "
maxBufferPoolSize = " 524288 " maxReceivedMessageSize = " 65536 "
messageEncoding = " Text " textEncoding = " utf-8 " useDefaultWebProxy = " true "
allowCookies = " false " >
< readerQuotas maxDepth = " 32 " maxStringContentLength = " 8192 " maxArrayLength = " 16384 "
maxBytesPerRead = " 4096 " maxNameTableCharCount = " 16384 " />
< reliableSession ordered = " true " inactivityTimeout = " 00:10:00 "
enabled = " false " />
< security mode = " Transport " >
< transport clientCredentialType = " Certificate " proxyCredentialType = " None "
realm = "" />
< message clientCredentialType = " Certificate " negotiateServiceCredential = " true "
establishSecurityContext = " true " />
</ security >
</ binding >
</ wsHttpBinding >
</ bindings >
< client >
< endpoint address = " https://jimmycntvs/MyService.svc " binding = " wsHttpBinding "
bindingConfiguration = " WSHttpBinding_IMyService " contract = " IMyService "
name = " WSHttpBinding_IMyService " behaviorConfiguration = " NewBehavior " >
< identity >
< dns value = " jimmycntvs " />
</ identity >
</ endpoint >
</ client >
</ system.serviceModel >
<behaviors>
<endpointBehaviors>
<behavior name="NewBehavior">
<clientCredentials>
<clientCertificate findValue="ec0aa48043eab64714c92a0ff7fa0365e1b594af" x509FindType="FindByThumbprint" storeLocation="CurrentUser" storeName="My"/> <serviceCertificate>
<authentication certificateValidationMode="None" />
</serviceCertificate>
</clientCredentials>
</behavior>
</endpointBehaviors>
</behaviors>
最后，我们在Default.aspx.cs中加几行代码，用来调用WebServer中的WCF
{
using (MyServiceClient _client = new MyServiceClient())
{
string _test = _client.Test();
Response.Write(_test);
}
}
运行一下，正常的话，应该会返回服务端的时间。 欢迎转载，转载请注明来自cnblogs"菩提树下的杨过"
编后语:
本文演示了如何将WCF Host在IIS中，并对服务端和客户端都采用x.509证书方式来验证，当然这种方式要求每个客户端机器上都必须安装服务端颁发的证书。在互联网环境 下，这可能会给客户端的使用带来麻烦，这时可以采用服务端用x.509方式验证，客户端用经典的用户名/密码的方式来验证，详情可参见http://www.cnblogs.com/fineboy/archive/2008/03/26/1122650.html，写得很详细，一看就知.
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