转载请注明出处:http://blog.csdn.net/singwhatiwanna/article/details/17596225
前言
什么是AsyncTask,相信搞过android开发的朋友们都不陌生。AsyncTask内部封装了Thread和Handler,可以让我们 在后台进行计算并且把计算的结果及时更新到UI上,而这些正是Thread+Handler所做的事情,没错,AsyncTask的作用就是简化 Thread+Handler,让我们能够通过更少的代码来完成一样的功能,这里,我要说明的是:AsyncTask只是简化 Thread+Handler而不是替代,实际上它也替代不了。同时,AsyncTask从最开始到现在已经经过了几次代码修改,任务的执行逻辑慢慢地发 生了改变,并不是大家所想象的那样:AsyncTask是完全并行执行的就像多个线程一样,其实不是的,所以用AsyncTask的时候还是要注意,下面 会一一说明。另外本文主要是分析AsyncTask的源代码以及使用时候的一些注意事项,如果你还不熟悉AsyncTask,请先阅读android之AsyncTask 来了解其基本用法。
这里先给出AsyncTask的一个例子:
- private class DownloadFilesTask extends AsyncTask<URL, Integer, Long> {
- protected Long doInBackground(URL... urls) {
- int count = urls.length;
- long totalSize = 0;
- for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
- totalSize += Downloader.downloadFile(urls[i]);
- publishProgress((int) ((i / (float) count) * 100));
- // Escape early if cancel() is called
- if (isCancelled()) break;
- }
- return totalSize;
- }
- protected void onProgressUpdate(Integer... progress) {
- setProgressPercent(progress[0]);
- }
- protected void onPostExecute(Long result) {
- showDialog("Downloaded " + result + " bytes");
- }
- }
使用AsyncTask的规则
- AsyncTask的类必须在UI线程加载(从4.1开始系统会帮我们自动完成)
- AsyncTask对象必须在UI线程创建
- execute方法必须在UI线程调用
- 不要在你的程序中去直接调用onPreExecute(), onPostExecute, doInBackground, onProgressUpdate方法
- 一个AsyncTask对象只能执行一次,即只能调用一次execute方法,否则会报运行时异常
- AsyncTask不是被设计为处理耗时操作的,耗时上限为几秒钟,如果要做长耗时操作,强烈建议你使用Executor,ThreadPoolExecutor以及FutureTask
- 在1.6之前,AsyncTask是串行执行任务的,1.6的时候AsyncTask开始采用线程池里处理并行任务,但是从3.0开始,为了避免AsyncTask所带来的并发错误,AsyncTask又采用一个线程来串行执行任务
AsyncTask到底是串行还是并行?
给大家做一下实验,请看如下实验代码:代码很简单,就是点击按钮的时候同时执行5个AsyncTask,每个AsyncTask休眠3s,同时把每个AsyncTask执行结束的时间打印出来,这样我们就能观察出到底是串行执行还是并行执行。
- @Override
- public void onClick(View v) {
- if (v == mButton) {
- new MyAsyncTask("AsyncTask#1").execute("");
- new MyAsyncTask("AsyncTask#2").execute("");
- new MyAsyncTask("AsyncTask#3").execute("");
- new MyAsyncTask("AsyncTask#4").execute("");
- new MyAsyncTask("AsyncTask#5").execute("");
- }
- }
- private static class MyAsyncTask extends AsyncTask<String, Integer, String> {
- private String mName = "AsyncTask";
- public MyAsyncTask(String name) {
- super();
- mName = name;
- }
- @Override
- protected String doInBackground(String... params) {
- try {
- Thread.sleep(3000);
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- return mName;
- }
- @Override
- protected void onPostExecute(String result) {
- super.onPostExecute(result);
- SimpleDateFormat df = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
- Log.e(TAG, result + "execute finish at " + df.format(new Date()));
- }
- }
我找了2个手机,系统分别是4.1.1和2.3.3,按照我前面的描述,AsyncTask在4.1.1应该是串行的,在2.3.3应该是并行的,到底是不是这样呢?请看Log
Android 4.1.1上执行:从下面Log可以看出,5个AsyncTask共耗时15s且时间间隔为3s,很显然是串行执行的
Android 2.3.3上执行:从下面Log可以看出,5个AsyncTask的结束时间是一样的,很显然是并行执行
结论:从上面的两个Log可以看出,我前面的描述是完全正确的。下面请看源码,让我们去了解下其中的原理。
源码分析
- /*
- * Copyright (C) 2008 The Android Open Source Project
- *
- * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
- * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
- * You may obtain a copy of the License at
- *
- * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
- *
- * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
- * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
- * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
- * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
- * limitations under the License.
- */
- package android.os;
- import java.util.ArrayDeque;
- import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;
- import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
- import java.util.concurrent.CancellationException;
- import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
- import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
- import java.util.concurrent.FutureTask;
- import java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingQueue;
- import java.util.concurrent.ThreadFactory;
- import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
- import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
- import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
- import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
- import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
- public abstract class AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> {
- private static final String LOG_TAG = "AsyncTask";
- //获取当前的cpu核心数
- private static final int CPU_COUNT = Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors();
- //线程池核心容量
- private static final int CORE_POOL_SIZE = CPU_COUNT + 1;
- //线程池最大容量
- private static final int MAXIMUM_POOL_SIZE = CPU_COUNT * 2 + 1;
- //过剩的空闲线程的存活时间
- private static final int KEEP_ALIVE = 1;
- //ThreadFactory 线程工厂,通过工厂方法newThread来获取新线程
- private static final ThreadFactory sThreadFactory = new ThreadFactory() {
- //原子整数,可以在超高并发下正常工作
- private final AtomicInteger mCount = new AtomicInteger(1);
- public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
- return new Thread(r, "AsyncTask #" + mCount.getAndIncrement());
- }
- };
- //静态阻塞式队列,用来存放待执行的任务,初始容量:128个
- private static final BlockingQueue<Runnable> sPoolWorkQueue =
- new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(128);
- /**
- * 静态并发线程池,可以用来并行执行任务,尽管从3.0开始,AsyncTask默认是串行执行任务
- * 但是我们仍然能构造出并行的AsyncTask
- */
- public static final Executor THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR
- = new ThreadPoolExecutor(CORE_POOL_SIZE, MAXIMUM_POOL_SIZE, KEEP_ALIVE,
- TimeUnit.SECONDS, sPoolWorkQueue, sThreadFactory);
- /**
- * 静态串行任务执行器,其内部实现了串行控制,
- * 循环的取出一个个任务交给上述的并发线程池去执行
- */
- public static final Executor SERIAL_EXECUTOR = new SerialExecutor();
- //消息类型:发送结果
- private static final int MESSAGE_POST_RESULT = 0x1;
- //消息类型:更新进度
- private static final int MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS = 0x2;
- /**静态Handler,用来发送上述两种通知,采用UI线程的Looper来处理消息
- * 这就是为什么AsyncTask必须在UI线程调用,因为子线程
- * 默认没有Looper无法创建下面的Handler,程序会直接Crash
- */
- private static final InternalHandler sHandler = new InternalHandler();
- //默认任务执行器,被赋值为串行任务执行器,就是它,AsyncTask变成串行的了
- private static volatile Executor sDefaultExecutor = SERIAL_EXECUTOR;
- //如下两个变量我们先不要深究,不影响我们对整体逻辑的理解
- private final WorkerRunnable<Params, Result> mWorker;
- private final FutureTask<Result> mFuture;
- //任务的状态 默认为挂起,即等待执行,其类型标识为易变的(volatile)
- private volatile Status mStatus = Status.PENDING;
- //原子布尔型,支持高并发访问,标识任务是否被取消
- private final AtomicBoolean mCancelled = new AtomicBoolean();
- //原子布尔型,支持高并发访问,标识任务是否被执行过
- private final AtomicBoolean mTaskInvoked = new AtomicBoolean();
- /*串行执行器的实现,我们要好好看看,它是怎么把并行转为串行的
- *目前我们需要知道,asyncTask.execute(Params ...)实际上会调用
- *SerialExecutor的execute方法,这一点后面再说明。也就是说:当你的asyncTask执行的时候,
- *首先你的task会被加入到任务队列,然后排队,一个个执行
- */
- private static class SerialExecutor implements Executor {
- //线性双向队列,用来存储所有的AsyncTask任务
- final ArrayDeque<Runnable> mTasks = new ArrayDeque<Runnable>();
- //当前正在执行的AsyncTask任务
- Runnable mActive;
- public synchronized void execute(final Runnable r) {
- //将新的AsyncTask任务加入到双向队列中
- mTasks.offer(new Runnable() {
- public void run() {
- try {
- //执行AsyncTask任务
- r.run();
- } finally {
- //当前AsyncTask任务执行完毕后,进行下一轮执行,如果还有未执行任务的话
- //这一点很明显体现了AsyncTask是串行执行任务的,总是一个任务执行完毕才会执行下一个任务
- scheduleNext();
- }
- }
- });
- //如果当前没有任务在执行,直接进入执行逻辑
- if (mActive == null) {
- scheduleNext();
- }
- }
- protected synchronized void scheduleNext() {
- //从任务队列中取出队列头部的任务,如果有就交给并发线程池去执行
- if ((mActive = mTasks.poll()) != null) {
- THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR.execute(mActive);
- }
- }
- }
- /**
- * 任务的三种状态
- */
- public enum Status {
- /**
- * 任务等待执行
- */
- PENDING,
- /**
- * 任务正在执行
- */
- RUNNING,
- /**
- * 任务已经执行结束
- */
- FINISHED,
- }
- /** 隐藏API:在UI线程中调用,用来初始化Handler */
- public static void init() {
- sHandler.getLooper();
- }
- /** 隐藏API:为AsyncTask设置默认执行器 */
- public static void setDefaultExecutor(Executor exec) {
- sDefaultExecutor = exec;
- }
- /**
- * Creates a new asynchronous task. This constructor must be invoked on the UI thread.
- */
- public AsyncTask() {
- mWorker = new WorkerRunnable<Params, Result>() {
- public Result call() throws Exception {
- mTaskInvoked.set(true);
- Process.setThreadPriority(Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND);
- //noinspection unchecked
- return postResult(doInBackground(mParams));
- }
- };
- mFuture = new FutureTask<Result>(mWorker) {
- @Override
- protected void done() {
- try {
- postResultIfNotInvoked(get());
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- android.util.Log.w(LOG_TAG, e);
- } catch (ExecutionException e) {
- throw new RuntimeException("An error occured while executing doInBackground()",
- e.getCause());
- } catch (CancellationException e) {
- postResultIfNotInvoked(null);
- }
- }
- };
- }
- private void postResultIfNotInvoked(Result result) {
- final boolean wasTaskInvoked = mTaskInvoked.get();
- if (!wasTaskInvoked) {
- postResult(result);
- }
- }
- //doInBackground执行完毕,发送消息
- private Result postResult(Result result) {
- @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
- Message message = sHandler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_RESULT,
- new AsyncTaskResult<Result>(this, result));
- message.sendToTarget();
- return result;
- }
- /**
- * 返回任务的状态
- */
- public final Status getStatus() {
- return mStatus;
- }
- /**
- * 这个方法是我们必须要重写的,用来做后台计算
- * 所在线程:后台线程
- */
- protected abstract Result doInBackground(Params... params);
- /**
- * 在doInBackground之前调用,用来做初始化工作
- * 所在线程:UI线程
- */
- protected void onPreExecute() {
- }
- /**
- * 在doInBackground之后调用,用来接受后台计算结果更新UI
- * 所在线程:UI线程
- */
- protected void onPostExecute(Result result) {
- }
- /**
- * Runs on the UI thread after {@link #publishProgress} is invoked.
- /**
- * 在publishProgress之后调用,用来更新计算进度
- * 所在线程:UI线程
- */
- protected void onProgressUpdate(Progress... values) {
- }
- /**
- * cancel被调用并且doInBackground执行结束,会调用onCancelled,表示任务被取消
- * 这个时候onPostExecute不会再被调用,二者是互斥的,分别表示任务取消和任务执行完成
- * 所在线程:UI线程
- */
- @SuppressWarnings({"UnusedParameters"})
- protected void onCancelled(Result result) {
- onCancelled();
- }
- protected void onCancelled() {
- }
- public final boolean isCancelled() {
- return mCancelled.get();
- }
- public final boolean cancel(boolean mayInterruptIfRunning) {
- mCancelled.set(true);
- return mFuture.cancel(mayInterruptIfRunning);
- }
- public final Result get() throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
- return mFuture.get();
- }
- public final Result get(long timeout, TimeUnit unit) throws InterruptedException,
- ExecutionException, TimeoutException {
- return mFuture.get(timeout, unit);
- }
- /**
- * 这个方法如何执行和系统版本有关,在AsyncTask的使用规则里已经说明,如果你真的想使用并行AsyncTask,
- * 也是可以的,只要稍作修改
- * 必须在UI线程调用此方法
- */
- public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> execute(Params... params) {
- //串行执行
- return executeOnExecutor(sDefaultExecutor, params);
- //如果我们想并行执行,这样改就行了,当然这个方法我们没法改
- //return executeOnExecutor(THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR, params);
- }
- /**
- * 通过这个方法我们可以自定义AsyncTask的执行方式,串行or并行,甚至可以采用自己的Executor
- * 为了实现并行,我们可以在外部这么用AsyncTask:
- * asyncTask.executeOnExecutor(AsyncTask.THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR, Params... params);
- * 必须在UI线程调用此方法
- */
- public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> executeOnExecutor(Executor exec,
- Params... params) {
- if (mStatus != Status.PENDING) {
- switch (mStatus) {
- case RUNNING:
- throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
- + " the task is already running.");
- case FINISHED:
- throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
- + " the task has already been executed "
- + "(a task can be executed only once)");
- }
- }
- mStatus = Status.RUNNING;
- //这里#onPreExecute会最先执行
- onPreExecute();
- mWorker.mParams = params;
- //然后后台计算#doInBackground才真正开始
- exec.execute(mFuture);
- //接着会有#onProgressUpdate被调用,最后是#onPostExecute
- return this;
- }
- /**
- * 这是AsyncTask提供的一个静态方法,方便我们直接执行一个runnable
- */
- public static void execute(Runnable runnable) {
- sDefaultExecutor.execute(runnable);
- }
- /**
- * 打印后台计算进度,onProgressUpdate会被调用
- */
- protected final void publishProgress(Progress... values) {
- if (!isCancelled()) {
- sHandler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS,
- new AsyncTaskResult<Progress>(this, values)).sendToTarget();
- }
- }
- //任务结束的时候会进行判断,如果任务没有被取消,则onPostExecute会被调用
- private void finish(Result result) {
- if (isCancelled()) {
- onCancelled(result);
- } else {
- onPostExecute(result);
- }
- mStatus = Status.FINISHED;
- }
- //AsyncTask内部Handler,用来发送后台计算进度更新消息和计算完成消息
- private static class InternalHandler extends Handler {
- @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "RawUseOfParameterizedType"})
- @Override
- public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
- AsyncTaskResult result = (AsyncTaskResult) msg.obj;
- switch (msg.what) {
- case MESSAGE_POST_RESULT:
- // There is only one result
- result.mTask.finish(result.mData[0]);
- break;
- case MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS:
- result.mTask.onProgressUpdate(result.mData);
- break;
- }
- }
- }
- private static abstract class WorkerRunnable<Params, Result> implements Callable<Result> {
- Params[] mParams;
- }
- @SuppressWarnings({"RawUseOfParameterizedType"})
- private static class AsyncTaskResult<Data> {
- final AsyncTask mTask;
- final Data[] mData;
- AsyncTaskResult(AsyncTask task, Data... data) {
- mTask = task;
- mData = data;
- }
- }
- }
让你的AsyncTask在3.0以上的系统中并行起来
通过上面的源码分析,我已经给出了在3.0以上系统中让AsyncTask并行执行的方法,现在,让我们来试一试,代码还是之前采用的测试代码,我们要稍作修改,调用AsyncTask的executeOnExecutor方法而不是execute,请看:
- @TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.HONEYCOMB)
- @Override
- public void onClick(View v) {
- if (v == mButton) {
- new MyAsyncTask("AsyncTask#1").executeOnExecutor(AsyncTask.THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR,"");
- new MyAsyncTask("AsyncTask#2").executeOnExecutor(AsyncTask.THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR,"");
- new MyAsyncTask("AsyncTask#3").executeOnExecutor(AsyncTask.THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR,"");
- new MyAsyncTask("AsyncTask#4").executeOnExecutor(AsyncTask.THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR,"");
- new MyAsyncTask("AsyncTask#5").executeOnExecutor(AsyncTask.THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR,"");
- }
- }
- private static class MyAsyncTask extends AsyncTask<String, Integer, String> {
- private String mName = "AsyncTask";
- public MyAsyncTask(String name) {
- super();
- mName = name;
- }
- @Override
- protected String doInBackground(String... params) {
- try {
- Thread.sleep(3000);
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- return mName;
- }
- @Override
- protected void onPostExecute(String result) {
- super.onPostExecute(result);
- SimpleDateFormat df = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
- Log.e(TAG, result + "execute finish at " + df.format(new Date()));
- }
- }
下面是系统为4.1.1手机打印出的Log:很显然,我们的目的达到了,成功的让AsyncTask在4.1.1的手机上并行起来了,很高兴吧!希望这篇文章对你有用。