Entity Framework 学习初级篇5--ObjectQuery查询及方法

ObjectQuery 类支持对 实体数据模型 (EDM) 执行 LINQ to Entities 和 Entity SQL 查询。ObjectQuery 还实现了一组查询生成器方法，这些方法可用于按顺序构造等效于 Entity SQL 的查询命令。下面是 ObjectQuery 的查询生成器方法以及等效的 Entity SQL 语句：

Distinct,Except,GroupBy,Intersect,OfType,OrderBy,Select,SelectValue,Skip,Top,Union,UnionAll,Where

每个查询生成器方法返回 ObjectQuery 的一个新实例。使用这些方法可以构造查询，而查询的结果集基于前面 ObjectQuery 实例序列的操作。下面来看具体的代码片断：

·   Execute方法:

using (var edm = new NorthwindEntities())
        {
                string esql = "select value c from NorthwindEntities.Customers as c order by c.CustomerID limit 10";
                ObjectQuery<Customers> query = edm.CreateQuery<Customers>(esql);
                ObjectResult<Customers> results = query.Execute(MergeOption.NoTracking);
                Assert.AreEqual(results.Count(), 10);
                foreach (Customers c in query)
                    Console.WriteLine(c.CustomerID);
            }

其中需要说明的是: MergeOption这个枚举类型的参数项,MergeOption有四种值分别是：

·          AppendOnly： 只追加新实体，不修改以前获取的现有实体。这是默认行为。

·          OverwriteChanges： 将 ObjectStateEntry 中的当前值替换为存储区中的值。这将使用服务器上的数据重写在本地所做的更改。

·          PreserveChanges： 将替换原始值，而不修改当前值。这对于在发生开放式并发异常之后强制成功保存本地值非常有用。

·          NoTracking： 将不修改 ObjectStateManager，不会获取与其他对象相关联的关系，可以改善性能。

 

·   GetResultType方法

返回查询结果的类型信息.例如：

1 using (var edm = new NorthwindEntities())
2 {
3     string esql = "select value c from NorthwindEntities.Customers as c order by c.CustomerID limit 10";
4     ObjectQuery<Customers> query = edm.CreateQuery<Customers>(esql);
5     Console.WriteLine(query.GetResultType().ToString());
6     //输出结果为：
7     //NorthWindModel.Customers
8 }

·          ToTraceString方法

获取当前执行的SQL语句。

·           Where

实例代码如下：

 

using (var edm = new NorthwindEntities())
{
　 string esql = "select value c from NorthwindEntities.Customers as c ";
   ObjectQuery<Customers> query1 = edm.CreateQuery<Customers>(esql);
 　//使用ObjectParameter的写法               
   query1 = query1.Where("it.CustomerId=@customerid");
   query1.Parameters.Add(new ObjectParameter("customerid", "ALFKI"));
   //也可以这样写
   //ObjectQuery<Customers> query2 = edm.Customers.Where("it.CustomerID='ALFKI'");
   foreach (var c in query1)
       Console.WriteLine(c.CustomerID);
       //显示查询执行的SQL语句
       Console.WriteLine(query1.ToTraceString());
              
}

 

·           First/ FirstOrDefault

实例代码如下：

using (var edm = new NorthwindEntities())

     {

                string esql = "select value c from NorthwindEntities.Customers as c order by c.CustomerID limit 10";

                ObjectQuery<Customers> query = edm.CreateQuery<Customers>(esql);

                Customers c1 = query.First();

                Customers c2 = query.FirstOrDefault();

                Console.WriteLine(c1.CustomerID);

                Assert.IsNotNull(c2);

                Console.WriteLine(c2.CustomerID);

      }

·           Distinct

实例代码如下：

using (var edm = new NorthwindEntities())

    {

                string esql = "select value c.City from NorthwindEntities.Customers as c order by c.CustomerID limit 10";

                ObjectQuery<string> query = edm.CreateQuery<string>(esql);

                query = query.Distinct();

                foreach (string c in query)

                {

                    Console.WriteLine("City {0}", c);

                }

     }

·           Except

返回两个查询的差集。实例代码如下：

using (var edm = new NorthwindEntities())

     {

                string esql1 = "select value c from NorthwindEntities.Customers as c order by c.CustomerID limit 10";

                ObjectQuery<Customers> query1 = edm.CreateQuery<Customers>(esql1);

                string esql2 = "select value c from NorthwindEntities.Customers as c where c.Country='UK' order by c.CustomerID limit 10";

                ObjectQuery<Customers> query2 = edm.CreateQuery<Customers>(esql2);

                query1 = query1.Except(query2);

                foreach (Customers c in query1)

                {

                    Console.WriteLine(c.Country);

                    //输出:Germany、Mexico、Mexico、Sweden、Germany、France、Spain、France、Canada　　
                }

        }

 

·           Intersect

返回两个查询的交集。实例代码如下：

using (var edm = new NorthwindEntities())

     {

                string esql1 = "select value c from NorthwindEntities.Customers as c order by c.CustomerID limit 10";

                ObjectQuery<Customers> query1 = edm.CreateQuery<Customers>(esql1);

                string esql2 = "select value c from NorthwindEntities.Customers as c where c.Country='UK' order by c.CustomerID limit 10";

                ObjectQuery<Customers> query2 = edm.CreateQuery<Customers>(esql2);

                query1 = query1.Intersect(query2);

                foreach (Customers c in query1)

                {

                    Console.WriteLine(c.Country);

                }

      }

·          Union/UnionAll

返回两个查询的合集，包括重复项。其中UnionAll必须是相同类型或者是可以相互转换的。

·          Include

可通过此方法查询出与相关的实体对象。实例代码如下：

using (var edm = new NorthwindEntities())

     {

                string esql1 = "select value c from NorthwindEntities.Customers as c WHERE c.CustomerID ='HANAR'";

                ObjectQuery<Customers> query1 = edm.CreateQuery<Customers>(esql1);

                query1 = query1.Include("Orders");

                foreach (Customers c in query1)

                {

                    Console.WriteLine("{0},{1}", c.CustomerID, c.Orders.Count);

                    //输出：HANAR,14
                }

     }

·          OfType

 根据制定类筛选元素创建一个新的类型。此类型是要在实体模型中已定义过的。

·           OrderBy

实例代码如下：

using (var edm = new NorthwindEntities())

    {

                string esql1 = "select value c from NorthwindEntities.Customers as c order by c.CustomerID limit 10";

                ObjectQuery<Customers> query1 = edm.CreateQuery<Customers>(esql1);

                query1.OrderBy("it.country asc,it.city asc");

　　　　　　　　　//也可以这样写               

　　　　　　　　　//query1.OrderBy("it.country asc");

                //query1.OrderBy("it.city asc");

                foreach (Customers c in query1)

                {

                    Console.WriteLine("{0},{1}", c.Country, c.City);

                }

      }

 

·           Select

实例代码如下：

using (var edm = new NorthwindEntities())

    {

                string esql1 = "select value c from NorthwindEntities.Customers as c order by c.CustomerID limit 10";

                ObjectQuery<Customers> query1 = edm.CreateQuery<Customers>(esql1);

                ObjectQuery<DbDataRecord> records = query1.Select("it.customerid,it.country");

                foreach (DbDataRecord c in records)

                {

                    Console.WriteLine("{0},{1}", c[0], c[1]);

                }

                Console.WriteLine(records.ToTraceString());

                //SQL输出：

                //SELECT TOP (10)

                //1 AS [C1],

                //[Extent1].[CustomerID] AS [CustomerID],

                //[Extent1].[Country] AS [Country]

                //FROM [dbo].[Customers] AS [Extent1]

                //ORDER BY [Extent1].[CustomerID] ASC

      }

·           SelectValue

实例代码如下：

using (var edm = new NorthwindEntities())

    {

                string esql1 = "select value c from NorthwindEntities.Customers as c order by c.CustomerID limit 10";

                ObjectQuery<Customers> query1 = edm.CreateQuery<Customers>(esql1);

                ObjectQuery<string> records = query1.SelectValue<string>("it.customerid");

                foreach (string c in records)

                {

                    Console.WriteLine("{0}", c);

                }

                Console.WriteLine(records.ToTraceString());

                //SQL输出：

                //SELECT TOP (10)

                //[Extent1].[CustomerID] AS [CustomerID]

                //FROM [dbo].[Customers] AS [Extent1]

                //ORDER BY [Extent1].[CustomerID] ASC

       }

·           Skip/Top

实例代码如下：

using (var edm = new NorthwindEntities())

    {

                string esql1 = "select value c from NorthwindEntities.Customers as c order by c.CustomerID ";

                ObjectQuery<Customers> query1 = edm.CreateQuery<Customers>(esql1);

                query1 = query1.Skip("it.customerid asc", "10");

                query1 = query1.Top("10");

                foreach (Customers c in query1)

                {

                    Console.WriteLine("{0}", c.CustomerID);

                }

                Console.WriteLine(query1.ToTraceString());

                //SQL输出：

                //SELECT TOP (10)

                //[Extent1].[CustomerID] AS [CustomerID]

                //FROM [dbo].[Customers] AS [Extent1]

                //ORDER BY [Extent1].[CustomerID] ASC

}

    本节，简单的介绍一下与ObjectQuery查询相关的语法，我个人觉得查询写法比较多，需要在日常的编程中去发现，在这里就不一一复述了。下节，将介绍EntityClient相关的内容。

 

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转自：http://www.cnblogs.com/xray2005/archive/2009/05/13/1455856.html

 

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/Coder-ru/archive/2012/10/24/2737244.html