大话设计模式-享元模式

享元模式可以避免大量非常相似类的开销。在程序设计中，有时需要生成大量细粒度的类实例来表示数据。如果能发现这些实例除了几个参数外基本上都是相同的，有时就能够大幅度地减少需要实例化的类的数量。如果能把那些参数移到类实例的外面，在方法调用时将他们传递进来，就可以通过共享大幅度地减少单个实例的数目。

//所有具体享元类的超类或接口，通过这个接口，Flyweight可以接受并作用于外部状态
abstract class Flyweight {
	public abstract function operation($extrinsicstate);
}

//继承Flyweight超类或实现Flyweight接口，并为内部状态增加内存空间。
class ConcreteFlyweight extends Flyweight {
	public function operation($extrinsicstate) {
		echo '具体Flyweight：'.$extrinsicstate.'<br/>';
	}
}

//不需要共享的Flyweight子类。因为Flyweight接口共享成为可能，但它并不强制共享
class UnsharedConcreteFlyweight extends Flyweight {
	public function operation($extrinsicstate) {
		echo '不共享的具体Flyweight：'.$extrinsicstate.'<br/>';
	}
}

//享元工厂，用来创建并管理Flyweight对象。它主要是用来确保合理地共享Flyweight，当用户请求一个FlyWeight时，FlyweightFactory对象提供一个已创建的实例或者创建一个（如果不存在的话）
class FlyweightFactory {
	private $flyweights;

	function __construct(){
		$this->flyweights['X'] = new ConcreteFlyweight();
		$this->flyweights['Y'] = new ConcreteFlyweight();
		$this->flyweights['Z'] = new ConcreteFlyweight();
	}

	public function getFlyweight($key) {
		return $this->flyweights[$key];
	}
}

//代码外部状态
$extrinsicstate = 22;

$f = new FlyweightFactory();

$fx = $f->getFlyweight('X');
$fx->operation(--$extrinsicstate);

$fx = $f->getFlyweight('Y');
$fx->operation(--$extrinsicstate);

$fx = $f->getFlyweight('Z');
$fx->operation(--$extrinsicstate);

$uf = new UnsharedConcreteFlyweight();

$uf->operation(--$extrinsicstate);

//用户
class User {
	private $name;
	function __construct($name) {
		$this->name = $name;
	}

	public function __get($key) {
		return isset($this->$key) ? $this->$key : null;
	}

	public function __set($key, $value) {
		$this->$key = $value;
	}
}

//网站抽象类
abstract class WebSite {
	//'使用'方法需要传递‘用户’对象
	public abstract function myUse(User $user);
}

//具体网站类
class ConcreteWebSite extends WebSite {
	private $name = '';

	function __construct($name) {
		$this->name = $name;
	}

	//实现‘myUse’方法
	public function myUse(User $user) {
		echo '网站分类：'.$this->name.'用户：'.$user->name.'<br/>';
	}
}

//网站工厂类
class WebSiteFactory {
	private $flyweights;

	//获得网站分类
	public function getWebSiteCategory($key) {
		if(empty($this->flyweights[$key])) {
			$this->flyweights[$key] = new ConcreteWebSite($key);
		}
		return $this->flyweights[$key];
	}

	//获得网站分类总数
	public function getWebSiteCount() {
		return count($this->flyweights);
	}
}

$f = new WebSiteFactory();

$fx = $f->getWebSiteCategory('产品展示');
$fx->myUse(new User('小菜'));

$fy = $f->getWebSiteCategory('产品展示');
$fy->myUse(new User('大鸟'));

$fz = $f->getWebSiteCategory('产品展示');
$fz->myUse(new User('娇娇'));

$fl = $f->getWebSiteCategory('博客');
$fl->myUse(new User('老顽童'));

$fm = $f->getWebSiteCategory('博客');
$fm->myUse(new User('桃谷六仙'));

$fn = $f->getWebSiteCategory('博客');
$fn->myUse(new User('南海鳄神'));

echo '得到网站分类总数为'.$f->getWebSiteCount();