什么是代码混淆
Java 是一种跨平台的、解释型语言，Java 源代码编译成中间”字节码”存储于 class 文件中。由于跨平台的需要，Java 字节码中包括了很多源代码信息，如变量名、方法名，并且通过这些名称来访问变量和方法，这些符号带有许多语义信息，很容易被反编译成 Java 源代码。为了防止这种现象，我们可以使用 Java 混淆器对 Java 字节码进行混淆。
混淆就是对发布出去的程序进行重新组织和处理，使得处理后的代码与处理前代码完成相同的功能，而混淆后的代码很难被反编译，即使反编译成功也很难得出程序的真正语义。被混淆过的程序代码，仍然遵照原来的档案格式和指令集，执行结果也与混淆前一样，只是混淆器将代码中的所有变量、函数、类的名称变为简短的英文字母代号，在缺乏相应的函数名和程序注释的况下，即使被反编译，也将难以阅读。同时混淆是不可逆的，在混淆的过程中一些不影响正常运行的信息将永久丢失，这些信息的丢失使程序变得更加难以理解。
混淆器的作用不仅仅是保护代码，它也有精简编译后程序大小的作用。由于以上介绍的缩短变量和函数名以及丢失部分信息的原因， 编译后 jar 文件体积大约能减少25% ，这对当前费用较贵的无线网络传输是有一定意义的。
混淆文件 proguard.cfg 参数详解
-optimizationpasses 5 # 指定代码的压缩级别 -dontusemixedcaseclassnames # 是否使用大小写混合 -dontskipnonpubliclibraryclasses # 是否混淆第三方jar -dontpreverify # 混淆时是否做预校验 -verbose # 混淆时是否记录日志 -optimizations !code/simplification/arithmetic,!field/*,!class/merging/* # 混淆时所采用的算法 -keep public class * extends android.app.Activity # 保持哪些类不被混淆 -keep public class * extends android.app.Application # 保持哪些类不被混淆 -keep public class * extends android.app.Service # 保持哪些类不被混淆 -keep public class * extends android.content.BroadcastReceiver # 保持哪些类不被混淆 -keep public class * extends android.content.ContentProvider # 保持哪些类不被混淆 -keep public class * extends android.app.backup.BackupAgentHelper # 保持哪些类不被混淆 -keep public class * extends android.preference.Preference # 保持哪些类不被混淆 -keep public class com.android.vending.licensing.ILicensingService # 保持哪些类不被混淆 -keepclasseswithmembernames class * { # 保持 native 方法不被混淆 native <methods>; } -keepclasseswithmembers class * { # 保持自定义控件类不被混淆 public <init>(android.content.Context, android.util.AttributeSet); } -keepclasseswithmembers class * { public <init>(android.content.Context, android.util.AttributeSet, int); # 保持自定义控件类不被混淆 } -keepclassmembers class * extends android.app.Activity { # 保持自定义控件类不被混淆 public void *(android.view.View); } -keepclassmembers enum * { # 保持枚举 enum 类不被混淆 public static **[] values(); public static ** valueOf(java.lang.String); } -keep class * implements android.os.Parcelable { # 保持 Parcelable 不被混淆 public static final android.os.Parcelable$Creator *; } -keep class MyClass; # 保持自己定义的类不被混淆
代码混淆的方法
根据 SDK 的版本不同有 2 中不同的代码混淆方式，以上的 proguard.cfg 参数详解中所涉及到的信息是在较低版本 SDK 下的混淆脚本，事实上在高版本的 SDK 下混淆的原理和参数也与低版本的相差无几，只是在不同 SDK 版本的环境下引入混淆脚本的方式有所不同。具体方法如下：
- 低版本 SDK 下，项目中同时包含 proguard.cfg 和 project.properties 文件，则只需在 project.properties 文件末尾添加 proguard.config=proguard.cfg 再将项目 Export 即可。
- 高版本 SDK 下，项目中同时包含 proguard-project.txt 和 project.properties 文件，这时需要在 proguard-project.txt 文件中进行如下信息的配置，然后再将项目 Export 即可。下面以真实的文件进行演示说明。
# This file is automatically generated by Android Tools.
# Do not modify this file -- YOUR CHANGES WILL BE ERASED!
#
# This file must be checked in Version Control Systems.
#
# To customize properties used by the Ant build system edit
# "ant.properties", and override values to adapt the script to your
# project structure.
#
# To enable ProGuard to shrink and obfuscate your code, uncomment this (available properties: sdk.dir, user.home):
#proguard.config=${sdk.dir}/tools/proguard/proguard-android.txt:proguard-project.txt
proguard.config=${sdk.dir}/tools/proguard/proguard-android.txt:proguard-project.txt
# Project target.
target=android-16
以上的配置信息即是 project.properties 文件中内容，蓝色文字为我们在代码混淆过程中需要添加的配置信息，其中：sdk.dir 为你在当前机器上 SDK 的安装路径。如果想保留某个包下的文件不被混淆，可以在 proguard-project.txt 文件中加入保留对应包名的语句即可。
# To enable ProGuard in your project, edit project.properties
# to define the proguard.config property as described in that file.
#
# Add project specific ProGuard rules here.
# By default, the flags in this file are appended to flags specified
# in ${sdk.dir}/tools/proguard/proguard-android.txt
# You can edit the include path and order by changing the ProGuard
# include property in project.properties.
#
# For more details, see
# http://developer.android.com/guide/developing/tools/proguard.html
# Add any project specific keep options here:
-dontwarn com.cnki.android.cnkireader.**
-keep class com.cnki.android.cnkireader.** { *; }
# If your project uses WebView with JS, uncomment the following
# and specify the fully qualified class name to the JavaScript interface
# class:
#-keepclassmembers class fqcn.of.javascript.interface.for.webview {
# public *;
#}
最后贴上proguard-project.txt的全部代码：
- # To enable ProGuard in your project, edit project.properties
- # to define the proguard.config property as described in that file.
- #
- # Add project specific ProGuard rules here.
- # By default, the flags in this file are appended to flags specified
- # in ${sdk.dir}/tools/proguard/proguard-android.txt
- # You can edit the include path and order by changing the ProGuard
- # include property in project.properties.
- #
- # For more details, see
- # http://developer.android.com/guide/developing/tools/proguard.html
- # Add any project specific keep options here:
- # If your project uses WebView with JS, uncomment the following
- # and specify the fully qualified class name to the JavaScript interface
- # class:
- #-keepclassmembers class fqcn.of.javascript.interface.for.webview {
- # public *;
- #}
- -optimizationpasses 5
- -dontusemixedcaseclassnames
- -dontskipnonpubliclibraryclasses
- -dontpreverify
- -verbose
- -optimizations !code/simplification/arithmetic,!field/*,!class/merging/*
- -keepattributes *Annotation*
- -keepattributes Signature
- -libraryjars libs/apns_1.0.6.jar
- -libraryjars libs/armeabi/libBaiduMapSDK_v2_3_1.so
- -libraryjars libs/armeabi/liblocSDK4.so
- -libraryjars libs/baidumapapi_v2_3_1.jar
- -libraryjars libs/core.jar
- -libraryjars libs/gesture-imageview.jar
- -libraryjars libs/gson-2.0.jar
- -libraryjars libs/infogracesound.jar
- -libraryjars libs/locSDK_4.0.jar
- -libraryjars libs/ormlite-android-4.48.jar
- -libraryjars libs/ormlite-core-4.48.jar
- -libraryjars libs/universal-image-loader-1.9.0.jar
- -keep class com.baidu.** { *; }
- -keep class vi.com.gdi.bgl.android.**{*;}
- -keep public class * extends android.app.Fragment
- -keep public class * extends android.app.Activity
- -keep public class * extends android.app.Application
- -keep public class * extends android.app.Service
- -keep public class * extends android.content.BroadcastReceiver
- -keep public class * extends android.content.ContentProvider
- -keep public class * extends android.app.backup.BackupAgentHelper
- -keep public class * extends android.preference.Preference
- -keep public class * extends android.support.v4.**
- -keep public class com.android.vending.licensing.ILicensingService
- -keep class com.google.gson.stream.** { *; }
- -keep class com.google.gson.examples.android.model.** { *; }
- -keep class com.uuhelper.Application.** { *; }
- -keep class net.sourceforge.zbar.** { *; }
- -keep class com.google.android.gms.** { *; }
- -keep class com.bank.pingan.model.** { *; }
- -keep public class * extends com.j256.ormlite.android.apptools.OrmLiteSqliteOpenHelper
- -keep public class * extends com.j256.ormlite.android.apptools.OpenHelperManager
- -keep class com.android.vending.licensing.ILicensingService
- -keep class android.support.v4.** { *; }
- -keep class org.apache.commons.net.** { *; }
- -keep class com.tencent.** { *; }
- -keep class com.umeng.** { *; }
- -keep class com.umeng.analytics.** { *; }
- -keep class com.umeng.common.** { *; }
- -keep class com.umeng.newxp.** { *; }
- -keep class com.j256.ormlite.** { *; }
- -keep class com.j256.ormlite.android.** { *; }
- -keep class com.j256.ormlite.field.** { *; }
- -keep class com.j256.ormlite.stmt.** { *; }
- -dontwarn android.support.v4.**
- -dontwarn org.apache.commons.net.**
- -dontwarn com.tencent.**
- -keepclasseswithmembernames class * {
- native <methods>;
- }
- -keepclasseswithmembernames class * {
- public <init>(android.content.Context, android.util.AttributeSet);
- }
- -keepclasseswithmembernames class * {
- public <init>(android.content.Context, android.util.AttributeSet, int);
- }
- -keepclassmembers enum * {
- public static **[] values();
- public static ** valueOf(java.lang.String);
- }
- -keep class * implements android.os.Parcelable {
- public static final android.os.Parcelable$Creator *;
- }
- -keepclasseswithmembers class * {
- public <init>(android.content.Context);
- }
- -dontshrink
- -dontoptimize
- -dontwarn com.google.android.maps.**
- -dontwarn android.webkit.WebView
- -dontwarn com.umeng.**
- -dontwarn com.tencent.weibo.sdk.**
- -dontwarn com.facebook.**
- -keep enum com.facebook.**
- -keepattributes Exceptions,InnerClasses,Signature
- -keepattributes *Annotation*
- -keepattributes SourceFile,LineNumberTable
- -keep public interface com.facebook.**
- -keep public interface com.tencent.**
- -keep public interface com.umeng.socialize.**
- -keep public interface com.umeng.socialize.sensor.**
- -keep public interface com.umeng.scrshot.**
- -keep public class com.umeng.socialize.* {*;}
- -keep public class javax.**
- -keep public class android.webkit.**
- -keep class com.facebook.**
- -keep class com.umeng.scrshot.**
- -keep public class com.tencent.** {*;}
- -keep class com.umeng.socialize.sensor.**
- -keep class com.tencent.mm.sdk.openapi.WXMediaMessage {*;}
- -keep class com.tencent.mm.sdk.openapi.** implements com.tencent.mm.sdk.openapi.WXMediaMessage$IMediaObject {*;}
- -keep class im.yixin.sdk.api.YXMessage {*;}
- -keep class im.yixin.sdk.api.** implements im.yixin.sdk.api.YXMessage$YXMessageData{*;}
- -keep public class [your_pkg].R$*{
- public static final int *;
- }
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