PyQt5学习笔记(03)--Menus and toolbars

本文代码来自zetcode.com

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QMainWindow

QMainWindow类提供应用的主窗口，我们可以创建一个带有状态栏、工具栏、菜单栏的经典应用程序框架。

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Statusbar

statusbar是展示状态信息的控件

#!/usr/bin/python3

"""
This program creates a statusbar
"""

import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QMainWindow, QApplication

class Example(QMainWindow):

    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.initUI()

    def initUI(self):
        self.statusBar().showMessage('Ready')
        self.setGeometry(300, 300, 250, 150)
        self.setWindowTitle('Statusbar')
        self.show()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    ex = Example()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

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Simple menu

菜单栏

#!/usr/bin/python3

"""
This program creates a menubar. The menubar has one menu with an exit action
"""

import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QMainWindow, QAction, qApp, QApplication
from PyQt5.QtGui import QIcon

class Example(QMainWindow):

    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.initUI()

    def initUI(self):
        exitAct = QAction(QIcon('exit.png'), '&Exit', self)
        exitAct.setShortcut('Ctrl+Q')    #  快捷键
        exitAct.setStatusTip('Exit application')
        exitAct.triggered.connect(qApp.quit)    #  信号连接quit()方法

        self.statusBar()

        menubar = self.menuBar()
        fileMenu = menubar.addMenu('&File')
        fileMenu.addAction(exitAct)

        self.setGeometry(300, 300, 300, 200)
        self.setWindowTitle('Simple menu')
        self.show()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    ex = Example()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

上述例子创建了一个菜单栏，菜单包含退出按钮及其图标exit.png。
menuBar()方法创建了菜单栏
addMenu()方法添加了一个File菜单
addAction()方法添加了一个exitAct动作。

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Submenu

子菜单

#!/usr/bin/python3

"""
This program creates a submenu
"""

import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QMainWindow, QAction, QMenu, QApplication


class Example(QMainWindow):

    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.initUI()

    def initUI(self):
        menubar = self.menuBar()
        fileMenu = menubar.addMenu('File')

        impMenu = QMenu('Import', self)
        impAct = QAction('Import mail', self)
        impMenu.addAction(impAct)

        newAct = QAction('New', self)

        fileMenu.addAction(newAct)
        fileMenu.addMenu(impMenu)

        self.setWindowTitle('Submenu')
        self.setGeometry(300, 300, 250, 150)
        self.show()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    ex = Example()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

QMenu创建新菜单
addAction()方法为子菜单定义行为

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Check menu

#!/usr/bin/python3

"""
This program creates a checkable menu
"""

import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QAction, QMainWindow, QApplication


class Example(QMainWindow):

    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.initUI()

    def initUI(self):
        self.statusbar = self.statusBar()
        self.statusbar.showMessage('Ready')

        menubar = self.menuBar()
        viewMenu = menubar.addMenu('View')

        viewStatAct = QAction('View statusbar', self, checkable=True)    # 默认显示
        viewStatAct.setStatusTip('View statusbar')
        viewStatAct.setChecked(True)
        viewStatAct.triggered.connect(self.toggleMenu)

        viewMenu.addAction(viewStatAct)

        self.setGeometry(300, 300, 250, 150)
        self.setWindowTitle('Check menu')
        self.show()

    def toggleMenu(self, state):
        if state:
            self.statusbar.show()
        else:
            self.statusbar.hide()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    ex = Example()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

本例实现可以显示/隐藏状态栏消息

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Context menu

上下文菜单也称为弹出菜单，右击鼠标会得到上下文菜单。

#!/usr/bin/python3

"""
This program creates a context menu
"""

import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QMainWindow, QMenu, QApplication, qApp


class Example(QMainWindow):

    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.initUI()

    def initUI(self):
        self.setGeometry(300, 300, 250, 150)
        self.setWindowTitle('Context menu')
        self.show()

    def contextMenuEvent(self, event):
        cmenu = QMenu(self)
        newAct = cmenu.addAction("New")
        opnAct = cmenu.addAction("Open")
        quitAct = cmenu.addAction("Quit")
        action = cmenu.exec_(self.mapToGlobal(event.pos()))    #  从事件对象获取鼠标指针的坐标

        if action == quitAct:
            qApp.quit()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    ex = Example()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

mapToGlobal()方法将控件坐标转换为全屏坐标

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Toolbar

工具栏提供了对最常用命令的快速访问

#!/usr/bin/python3

"""
This program creates a toolbar.
The toolbar has one action, with terminates the app, if triggered.
"""

import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QMainWindow, QAction, QApplication, qApp
from PyQt5.QtGui import QIcon


class Example(QMainWindow):

    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.initUI()

    def initUI(self):
        exitAct = QAction(QIcon('exit.png'), 'Exit', self)
        exitAct.setShortcut('Ctrl+Q')
        exitAct.triggered.connect(qApp.quit)

        self.toolbar = self.addToolBar('Exit')
        self.toolbar.addAction(exitAct)

        self.setWindowTitle('Tool bar')
        self.setGeometry(300, 300, 250, 200)
        self.show()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    ex = Example()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

上述代码创建了一个只有一个功能的简单工具栏–退出
当点击工具栏上的退出图标(或者快捷键Ctrl+Q)，应用退出

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Putting it together

我们将创建一个集菜单栏、工具栏、状态栏于一体的应用框架

#!/usr/bin/python3

"""
This program creates a skeleton of a classic GUI application with a
menubar,statusbar,and a central widget.
"""

import sys
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QMainWindow, QTextEdit, QAction, QApplication
from PyQt5.QtGui import QIcon

class Example(QMainWindow):

    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.initUI()

    def initUI(self):
        textEdit = QTextEdit()
        self.setCentralWidget(textEdit)

        exitAct = QAction(QIcon('exit.png'), 'Exit', self)
        exitAct.setShortcut('Ctrl+Q')
        exitAct.setStatusTip('Exit application')
        exitAct.triggered.connect(self.close)

        self.statusBar()

        menubar = self.menuBar()
        fileMenu = menubar.addMenu('&File')
        fileMenu.addAction(exitAct)

        toolbar = self.addToolBar('Exit')
        toolbar.addAction(exitAct)

        self.setGeometry(300, 300, 350, 250)
        self.setWindowTitle('Main window')
        self.show()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    ex = Example()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())