学习如何编写Spring Setter依赖注入示例 。 Setter注入是Spring依赖注入的一种 。 Spring支持字段注入,Setter注入以及构造函数注入,以将依赖项注入Spring托管的bean中。 本教程的范围仅限于Setter注入。
有关Spring依赖注入的更多信息:
考虑一下,我们有一个DogsService ,它是一个基于Spring的REST服务。
我们将编写一个DogsController
, DogsService
和DogsDao
。 这是一个不执行任何操作的虚拟服务。 这里的目的是了解Spring Dependency Injection如何与Setter方法一起使用。
不知道如何编写Spring Boot Rest Service?
阅读: Spring Boot Rest Service
想更多地了解Spring Framework?
读这个:
DogsDao.java
没有字段,因此没有依赖性。 我们添加了带有打印消息的无参数构造函数。
package com.amitph.spring.dogs.dao;
import com.amitph.spring.dogs.repo.Dog;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.util.List;
@Component
public class DogsDao {
public DogsDao(){
System.out.println("DogsDao no-arg constructor called");
}
public List<Dog> getAllDogs() {
System.out.println("DogsDao.getAllDogs called");
return null;
}
}
DogsService.java
DogsService
取决于DogsDao
。 在下面的类中, setter方法用@Autowired
注释。 为了查看Setter注入的工作方式,我们在setter方法中添加了一条print语句。 除了使用setter方法外,我们还添加了无参数构造函数和带有相应打印消息的参数化构造函数 。
package com.amitph.spring.dogs.service;
import com.amitph.spring.dogs.dao.DogsDao;
import com.amitph.spring.dogs.repo.Dog;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.util.List;
@Component
public class DogsService {
private DogsDao dao;
public List<Dog> getDogs() {
System.out.println("DogsService.getDogs called");
return dao.getAllDogs();
}
@Autowired
public void setDao(DogsDao dao) {
System.out.println("DogsService setter called");
this.dao = dao;
}
public DogsService(){
System.out.println("DogsService no-arg constructor called");
}
public DogsService(DogsDao dao) {
System.out.println("DogsService arg constructor called");
this.dao = dao;
}
}
DogsController.java
DogsController
依赖于DogsService
。 设置器带有@Autowired
注释,并具有打印语句。 除了setter方法外,我们还添加了无参数和参数化构造函数以及相应的打印消息。
package com.amitph.spring.dogs.web;
import com.amitph.spring.dogs.repo.Dog;
import com.amitph.spring.dogs.service.DogsService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import java.util.List;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/dogs")
public class DogsController {
private DogsService service;
@GetMapping
public List<Dog> getDogs() {
return service.getDogs();
}
@Autowired
public void setService(DogsService service) {
System.out.println("DogsController setter called");
this.service = service;
}
}
应用启动
. ____ _ __ _ _
/\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __ __ _ \ \ \ \
( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
\\/ ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| | ) ) ) )
' |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
=========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
:: Spring Boot :: (v2.1.0.RELEASE)
2019-02-04 19:06:17.058 INFO 68545 --- [ main] com.amitph.spring.dogs.Application : Starting Application on Amitsofficemac.gateway with PID 68545 (/Users/aphaltankar/Workspace/personal/dog-service-jpa/out/production/classes started by aphaltankar in /Users/aphaltankar/Workspace/personal/dog-service-jpa)
2019-02-04 19:06:17.061 INFO 68545 --- [ main] com.amitph.spring.dogs.Application : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default
2019-02-04 19:06:17.670 INFO 68545 --- [ main] .s.d.r.c.RepositoryConfigurationDelegate : Bootstrapping Spring Data repositories in DEFAULT mode.
2019-02-04 19:06:17.724 INFO 68545 --- [ main] .s.d.r.c.RepositoryConfigurationDelegate : Finished Spring Data repository scanning in 48ms. Found 1 repository interfaces.
2019-02-04 19:06:17.992 INFO 68545 --- [ main] trationDelegate$BeanPostProcessorChecker : Bean 'org.springframework.transaction.annotation.ProxyTransactionManagementConfiguration' of type [org.springframework.transaction.annotation.ProxyTransactionManagementConfiguration$$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$$4a5366ed] is not eligible for getting processed by all BeanPostProcessors (for example: not eligible for auto-proxying)
2019-02-04 19:06:18.225 INFO 68545 --- [ main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8080 (http)
2019-02-04 19:06:18.237 INFO 68545 --- [ main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService : Starting service [Tomcat]
2019-02-04 19:06:18.237 INFO 68545 --- [ main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine : Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/9.0.12
2019-02-04 19:06:18.242 INFO 68545 --- [ main] o.a.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener : The APR based Apache Tomcat Native library which allows optimal performance in production environments was not found on the java.library.path: [/Users/aphaltankar/Library/Java/Extensions:/Library/Java/Extensions:/Network/Library/Java/Extensions:/System/Library/Java/Extensions:/usr/lib/java:.]
2019-02-04 19:06:18.315 INFO 68545 --- [ main] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/] : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext
2019-02-04 19:06:18.315 INFO 68545 --- [ main] o.s.web.context.ContextLoader : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 1205 ms
2019-02-04 19:06:18.339 INFO 68545 --- [ main] o.s.b.w.servlet.ServletRegistrationBean : Servlet dispatcherServlet mapped to [/]
2019-02-04 19:06:18.342 INFO 68545 --- [ main] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean : Mapping filter: 'characterEncodingFilter' to: [/*]
2019-02-04 19:06:18.342 INFO 68545 --- [ main] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean : Mapping filter: 'hiddenHttpMethodFilter' to: [/*]
2019-02-04 19:06:18.342 INFO 68545 --- [ main] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean : Mapping filter: 'formContentFilter' to: [/*]
2019-02-04 19:06:18.342 INFO 68545 --- [ main] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean : Mapping filter: 'requestContextFilter' to: [/*]
2019-02-04 19:06:18.434 INFO 68545 --- [ main] com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource : HikariPool-1 - Starting...
2019-02-04 19:06:18.524 INFO 68545 --- [ main] com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource : HikariPool-1 - Start completed.
2019-02-04 19:06:18.645 INFO 68545 --- [ main] o.hibernate.jpa.internal.util.LogHelper : HHH000204: Processing PersistenceUnitInfo [
name: default
...]
2019-02-04 19:06:18.690 INFO 68545 --- [ main] org.hibernate.Version : HHH000412: Hibernate Core {5.3.7.Final}
2019-02-04 19:06:18.691 INFO 68545 --- [ main] org.hibernate.cfg.Environment : HHH000206: hibernate.properties not found
2019-02-04 19:06:18.779 INFO 68545 --- [ main] o.hibernate.annotations.common.Version : HCANN000001: Hibernate Commons Annotations {5.0.4.Final}
2019-02-04 19:06:18.868 INFO 68545 --- [ main] org.hibernate.dialect.Dialect : HHH000400: Using dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect
2019-02-04 19:06:19.279 INFO 68545 --- [ main] j.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean : Initialized JPA EntityManagerFactory for persistence unit 'default'
DogsDao no-arg constructor called
DogsService no-arg constructor called
DogsService setter called
DogsController no-arg constructor called
DogsController setter called
2019-02-04 19:06:19.650 INFO 68545 --- [ main] o.s.s.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor : Initializing ExecutorService 'applicationTaskExecutor'
2019-02-04 19:06:19.681 WARN 68545 --- [ main] aWebConfiguration$JpaWebMvcConfiguration : spring.jpa.open-in-view is enabled by default. Therefore, database queries may be performed during view rendering. Explicitly configure spring.jpa.open-in-view to disable this warning
2019-02-04 19:06:19.856 INFO 68545 --- [ main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer : Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http) with context path ''
2019-02-04 19:06:19.859 INFO 68545 --- [ main] com.amitph.spring.dogs.Application : Started Application in 3.138 seconds (JVM running for 3.647)
春天发生的事情是Spring首先尝试实例化DogsController
并发现了对DogsService
的依赖。 因此,它实例化了DogsService
,而后者又依赖于DogsDao
。 因此, DogsDao
是第一个实例化的,然后是DogsService
,最后是DogsController
。
让我们详细看看发生了什么。
- 第36行:调用
DogsDao
无参数构造函数。 - 第37行:调用
DogsService
无参数构造函数。 注意:参数化的构造函数永远不会被调用 。 - 第38行:调用
DogsService
Setter。 注入DogsDao
实例(在第36行创建)的位置。 - 第39行:调用
DogsController
无参数构造函数。 - 第40行:调用
DogsController
Setter方法。DogsService
实例(在第37行中创建)。
摘要
您学习了如何在Spring应用程序中编写Setter注入 。 如果使用Setter注入 ,则使用@Autowired
注释setter方法。 Spring将首先使用无参数构造函数实例化Bean,然后调用setter方法来注入依赖项。
在接下来的教程中,我们将了解基于构造函数的注入是如何工作的。
翻译自: https://www.javacodegeeks.com/2019/02/spring-setter-dependency-injection-example.html