欢迎使用Spring构造函数依赖注入示例指南。 基于构造器的依赖注入是Spring 依赖注入的一种 。 依赖注入的另一种类型是Setter注入和字段注入。
有关Spring依赖注入的更多信息:
基于构造函数的依赖注入
它是Spring Dependency Injection的一种 ,其中对象的构造函数用于注入依赖项。 这种注入方式比较安全,因为如果不存在依赖项或无法解决依赖项,则不会创建对象。
要理解, 基于构造函数的依赖注入在Spring中是如何工作的-很明显-我们需要一个Spring应用程序。 考虑一下,我们有一个非常简单的Spring应用程序,称为DogsService ,这是一个虚拟服务。
不知道如何编写Spring Boot Rest Service?
阅读: Spring Boot Rest Service
想更多地了解Spring Framework?
读这个:
狗狗DAO
DAO类没有任何依赖关系。 我们在print语句中添加了无参数构造函数。
import com.amitph.spring.dogs.repo.Dog; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import java.util.List; @Component public class DogsDao {
public DogsDao(){
System.out.println( "DogsDao no-arg constructor called" );
}
public List<Dog> getAllDogs() {
System.out.println( "DogsDao.getAllDogs called" );
return null ;
} }
狗服务
服务HAS-A DogsDao
。 服务类具有setter方法, 无参数构造函数和带有相应打印语句的参数化构造函数 。
注意:参数化的构造函数以@Autowrired
注释。
import com.amitph.spring.dogs.dao.DogsDao; import com.amitph.spring.dogs.repo.Dog; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import java.util.List; @Component public class DogsService {
private DogsDao dao;
public List<Dog> getDogs() {
System.out.println( "DogsService.getDogs called" );
return dao.getAllDogs();
}
public void setDao(DogsDao dao) {
System.out.println( "DogsService setter called" );
this .dao = dao;
}
public DogsService(){
System.out.println( "DogsService no-arg constructor called" );
}
@Autowired
public DogsService(DogsDao dao) {
System.out.println( "DogsService arg constructor called" );
this .dao = dao;
} }
狗的控制器
控制器HAS-A DogsService
。 控制器类还具有一个setter,一个无参数构造函数和一个带有相应打印语句的参数化构造函数。
注意:参数化的构造函数以@Autowrired
注释。
import com.amitph.spring.dogs.repo.Dog; import com.amitph.spring.dogs.service.DogsService; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; import java.util.List; @RestController @RequestMapping ( "/dogs" ) public class DogsController {
private DogsService service;
@GetMapping
public List<Dog> getDogs() {
return service.getDogs();
}
public void setService(DogsService service) {
System.out.println( "DogsController setter called" );
this .service = service;
}
public DogsController(){
System.out.println( "DogsController no-arg constructor called" );
}
@Autowired
public DogsController(DogsService service) {
System.out.println( "DogsController arg constructor called" );
this .service = service;
} }
运行应用程序
启动应用程序时,我们应该在控制台上看到以下日志。
2019 - 02 - 04 19 : 56 : 46.812 INFO 68906 --- [ main] com.amitph.spring.dogs.Application : Starting Application on Amitsofficemac.gateway with PID 68906 (/Users/aphaltankar/Workspace/personal/dog-service-jpa/out/production/classes started by aphaltankar in /Users/aphaltankar/Workspace/personal/dog-service-jpa) 2019 - 02 - 04 19 : 56 : 46.815 INFO 68906 --- [ main] com.amitph.spring.dogs.Application : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default 2019 - 02 - 04 19 : 56 : 47.379 INFO 68906 --- [ main] .sdrcRepositoryConfigurationDelegate : Bootstrapping Spring Data repositories in DEFAULT mode. 2019 - 02 - 04 19 : 56 : 47.428 INFO 68906 --- [ main] .sdrcRepositoryConfigurationDelegate : Finished Spring Data repository scanning in 45ms. Found --- [ main] .sdrcRepositoryConfigurationDelegate : Finished Spring Data repository scanning in 45ms. Found 1 repository interfaces. 2019 - 02 - 04 19 : 56 : 47.682 INFO 68906 --- [ main] trationDelegate$BeanPostProcessorChecker : Bean 'org.springframework.transaction.annotation.ProxyTransactionManagementConfiguration' of type [org.springframework.transaction.annotation.ProxyTransactionManagementConfiguration$EnhancerBySpringCGLIB$86296a04] is not eligible for getting processed by all BeanPostProcessors ( for example: not eligible for auto-proxying) 2019 - 02 - 04 19 : 56 : 47.931 INFO 68906 --- [ main] osbwembedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8080 (http) 2019 - 02 - 04 19 : 56 : 47.944 INFO 68906 --- [ main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService : Starting service [Tomcat] 2019 - 02 - 04 19 : 56 : 47.944 INFO 68906 --- [ main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine : Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/ 9.0 . 12 2019 - 02 - 04 19 : 56 : 47.949 INFO 68906 --- [ main] oacatalina.core.AprLifecycleListener : The APR based Apache Tomcat Native library which allows optimal performance in production environments was not found on the java.library.path: [/Users/aphaltankar/Library/Java/Extensions:/Library/Java/Extensions:/Network/Library/Java/Extensions:/System/Library/Java/Extensions:/usr/lib/java:.] 2019 - 02 - 04 19 : 56 : 48.021 INFO 68906 --- [ main] oaccC[Tomcat].[localhost].[/] : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext 2019 - 02 - 04 19 : 56 : 48.021 INFO 68906 --- [ main] osweb.context.ContextLoader : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 1158 ms 2019 - 02 - 04 19 : 56 : 48.042 INFO 68906 --- [ main] osbwservlet.ServletRegistrationBean : Servlet dispatcherServlet mapped to [/] 2019 - 02 - 04 19 : 56 : 48.045 INFO 68906 --- [ main] osbwservlet.FilterRegistrationBean : Mapping filter: 'characterEncodingFilter' to: [/*] 2019 - 02 - 04 19 : 56 : 48.046 INFO 68906 --- [ main] osbwservlet.FilterRegistrationBean : Mapping filter: 'hiddenHttpMethodFilter' to: [/*] 2019 - 02 - 04 19 : 56 : 48.046 INFO 68906 --- [ main] osbwservlet.FilterRegistrationBean : Mapping filter: 'formContentFilter' to: [/*] 2019 - 02 - 04 19 : 56 : 48.046 INFO 68906 --- [ main] osbwservlet.FilterRegistrationBean : Mapping filter: 'requestContextFilter' to: [/*] 2019 - 02 - 04 19 : 56 : 48.136 INFO 68906 --- [ main] com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource : HikariPool- 1 - Starting... 2019 - 02 - 04 19 : 56 : 48.230 INFO 68906 --- [ main] com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource : HikariPool- 1 - Start completed. 2019 - 02 - 04 19 : 56 : 48.322 INFO 68906 --- [ main] o.hibernate.jpa.internal.util.LogHelper : HHH000204: Processing PersistenceUnitInfo [
name: default
...] 2019 - 02 - 04 19 : 56 : 48.366 INFO 68906 --- [ main] org.hibernate.Version : HHH000412: Hibernate Core { 5.3 . 7 .Final} 2019 - 02 - 04 19 : 56 : 48.366 INFO 68906 --- [ main] org.hibernate.cfg.Environment : HHH000206: hibernate.properties not found 2019 - 02 - 04 19 : 56 : 48.461 INFO 68906 --- [ main] o.hibernate.annotations.common.Version : HCANN000001: Hibernate Commons Annotations { 5.0 . 4 .Final} 2019 - 02 - 04 19 : 56 : 48.546 INFO 68906 --- [ main] org.hibernate.dialect.Dialect : HHH000400: Using dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect 2019 - 02 - 04 19 : 56 : 48.960 INFO 68906 --- [ main] j.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean : Initialized JPA EntityManagerFactory for persistence unit 'default' DogsDao no-arg constructor called DogsService arg constructor called DogsController arg constructor called 2019 - 02 - 04 19 : 56 : 49.304 INFO 68906 --- [ main] ossconcurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor : Initializing ExecutorService 'applicationTaskExecutor' 2019 - 02 - 04 19 : 56 : 49.330 WARN 68906 --- [ main] aWebConfiguration$JpaWebMvcConfiguration : spring.jpa.open-in-view is enabled by default . Therefore, database queries may be performed during view rendering. Explicitly configure spring.jpa.open-in-view to disable . Therefore, database queries may be performed during view rendering. Explicitly configure spring.jpa.open-in-view to disable . Therefore, database queries may be performed during view rendering. Explicitly configure spring.jpa.open-in-view to disable this warning 2019 - 02 - 04 19 : 56 : 49.479 INFO 68906 --- [ main] osbwembedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer : Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http) with context path '' 2019 - 02 - 04 19 : 56 : 49.482 INFO 68906 --- [ main] com.amitph.spring.dogs.Application : Started Application in 3.003 seconds (JVM running for 3.521 )
- 第27行:正如预期的那样,调用了DAO的无参数构造函数。
- 第28行:调用了
DogsService
的参数化构造函数,DogsService
在第27行创建了DAO实例。 - 第29行:调用了控制器的参数化构造函数,并在第28行创建了服务实例。
请注意,Spring 不会调用设置器和无参数构造器 。 依赖项是通过 构造函数 纯粹注入的 。 此方法优于Spring中的Spring Setter注入和Field注入 。
摘要
在这个Spring构造函数依赖注入示例指南中,您学习了基于构造函数的依赖注入在Spring应用程序中如何工作。 我们还使用构造函数注入编写了可执行代码。
当构造函数用于在对象上设置实例变量时,称为构造函数注入。 在深入使用Spring Framework之前,重要的是要了解Setter注入与字段注入与构造函数注入之间的区别 。
快乐编码!
翻译自: https://www.javacodegeeks.com/2019/02/spring-constructor-dependency-injection-example.html