Java 8流：Micro Katas

最新推荐文章于 2022-05-29 22:00:13 发布

dnc8371

最新推荐文章于 2022-05-29 22:00:13 发布

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文章标签：单元测试 java stream math.h junit

编程kata是一种练习，可以帮助程序员通过练习和重复练习来磨练自己的技能。

本文是“ 通过Katas进行Java教程 ”系列的一部分。

本文假定读者已经具有Java的经验，熟悉单元测试的基础知识，并且知道如何从他最喜欢的IDE（我是IntelliJ IDEA ）运行它们。

下面显示的练习背后的想法是，使用测试驱动的开发方法来学习Java 8 Streaming（编写第一个测试的实现，确认它通过并转到下一个测试）。

每个部分都将以测试形式的目标开始，以证明实现一旦编写便是正确的。这些测试中的每一个都在Java 7（或更早版本）和Java 8中使用Streams进行了一种可能的实现。这样，读者可以将Java 8的某些新功能与早期JDK中的等效功能进行比较。请尝试解决测试，而不查看提供的解决方案。

有关TDD最佳实践的更多信息，请阅读“ 测试驱动开发（TDD）：使用Java示例的最佳实践” 。

Java 8地图

将集合的元素转换为大写。

测验

package com.technologyconversations.java8exercises.streams;

import org.junit.Test;

import java.util.List;

import static com.technologyconversations.java8exercises.streams.ToUpperCase.*;
import static java.util.Arrays.asList;
import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;

/*
Convert elements of a collection to upper case.
 */
public class ToUpperCaseSpec {

    @Test
    public void transformShouldConvertCollectionElementsToUpperCase() {
        List<String> collection = asList("My"< "name"< "is"< "John"< "Doe");
        List<String> expected = asList("MY"< "NAME"< "IS"< "JOHN"< "DOE");
        assertThat(transform(collection)).hasSameElementsAs(expected);
    }

}

Java 7（transform7）和Java8（transform）实现

package com.technologyconversations.java8exercises.streams;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import static java.util.stream.Collectors.toList;

public class ToUpperCase {

    public static List<String> transform7(List<String> collection) {
        List<String> coll = new ArrayList<>();
        for (String element : collection) {
            coll.add(element.toUpperCase());
        }
        return coll;
    }

    public static List<String> transform(List<String> collection) {
        return collection.stream() // Convert collection to Stream
                .map(String::toUpperCase) // Convert each element to upper case
                .collect(toList()); // Collect results to a new list
    }

}

Java 8过滤器

过滤集合，以便仅返回少于4个字符的元素。

测验

package com.technologyconversations.java8exercises.streams;

import org.junit.Test;

import java.util.List;

import static com.technologyconversations.java8exercises.streams.FilterCollection.*;
import static java.util.Arrays.asList;
import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;

/*
Filter collection so that only elements with less then 4 characters are returned.
 */
public class FilterCollectionSpec {

    @Test
    public void transformShouldFilterCollection() {
        List<String> collection = asList("My", "name", "is", "John", "Doe");
        List<String> expected = asList("My", "is", "Doe");
        assertThat(transform(collection)).hasSameElementsAs(expected);
    }

}

Java 7（transform7）和Java8（transform）实现

package com.technologyconversations.java8exercises.streams;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import static java.util.stream.Collectors.toList;

public class FilterCollection {

    public static List<String> transform7(List<String> collection) {
        List<String> newCollection = new ArrayList<>();
        for (String element : collection) {
            if (element.length() < 4) {
                newCollection.add(element);
            }
        }
        return newCollection;
    }

    public static List<String> transform(List<String> collection) {
        return collection.stream() // Convert collection to Stream
                .filter(value -> value.length() < 4) // Filter elements with length smaller than 4 characters
                .collect(toList()); // Collect results to a new list
    }

}

Java 8 FlatMap

展平多维集合。

测验

package com.technologyconversations.java8exercises.streams;

import org.junit.Test;

import java.util.List;

import static com.technologyconversations.java8exercises.streams.FlatCollection.*;
import static java.util.Arrays.asList;
import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;

/*
Flatten multidimensional collection
 */
public class FlatCollectionSpec {

    @Test
    public void transformShouldFlattenCollection() {
        List<List<String>> collection = asList(asList("Viktor", "Farcic"), asList("John", "Doe", "Third"));
        List<String> expected = asList("Viktor", "Farcic", "John", "Doe", "Third");
        assertThat(transform(collection)).hasSameElementsAs(expected);
    }

}

Java 7（transform7）和Java8（transform）实现

package com.technologyconversations.java8exercises.streams;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import static java.util.stream.Collectors.toList;

public class FlatCollection {

    public static List<String> transform7(List<List<String>> collection) {
        List<String> newCollection = new ArrayList<>();
        for (List<String> subCollection : collection) {
            for (String value : subCollection) {
                newCollection.add(value);
            }
        }
        return newCollection;
    }

    public static List<String> transform(List<List<String>> collection) {
        return collection.stream() // Convert collection to Stream
                .flatMap(value -> value.stream()) // Replace list with stream
                .collect(toList()); // Collect results to a new list
    }

}

Java 8 Max和比较器

从集合中获取最老的人。

测验

package com.technologyconversations.java8exercises.streams;

import org.junit.Test;

import java.util.List;

import static com.technologyconversations.java8exercises.streams.OldestPerson.*;
import static java.util.Arrays.asList;
import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;

/*
Get oldest person from the collection
 */
public class OldestPersonSpec {

    @Test
    public void getOldestPersonShouldReturnOldestPerson() {
        Person sara = new Person("Sara", 4);
        Person viktor = new Person("Viktor", 40);
        Person eva = new Person("Eva", 42);
        List<Person> collection = asList(sara, eva, viktor);
        assertThat(getOldestPerson(collection)).isEqualToComparingFieldByField(eva);
    }

}

Java 7（getOldestPerson7）和Java8（getOldestPerson）实现

package com.technologyconversations.java8exercises.streams;

import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.List;

public class OldestPerson {

    public static Person getOldestPerson7(List<Person> people) {
        Person oldestPerson = new Person("", 0);
        for (Person person : people) {
            if (person.getAge() > oldestPerson.getAge()) {
                oldestPerson = person;
            }
        }
        return oldestPerson;
    }

    public static Person getOldestPerson(List<Person> people) {
        return people.stream() // Convert collection to Stream
                .max(Comparator.comparing(Person::getAge)) // Compares people ages
                .get(); // Gets stream result
    }

}

Java 8之和

对集合的所有元素求和。

测验

package com.technologyconversations.java8exercises.streams;

import org.junit.Test;

import java.util.List;

import static com.technologyconversations.java8exercises.streams.Sum.*;
import static java.util.Arrays.asList;
import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;

/*
Sum all elements of a collection
 */
public class SumSpec {

    @Test
    public void transformShouldConvertCollectionElementsToUpperCase() {
        List<Integer> numbers = asList(1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
        assertThat(calculate(numbers)).isEqualTo(1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5);
    }

}

Java 7（calculate7）和Java8（calculate）实现

package com.technologyconversations.java8exercises.streams;

import java.util.List;

public class Sum {

    public static int calculate7(List<Integer> numbers) {
        int total = 0;
        for (int number : numbers) {
            total += number;
        }
        return total;
    }

    public static int calculate(List<Integer> people) {
        return people.stream() // Convert collection to Stream
                .reduce(0, (total, number) -> total + number); // Sum elements with 0 as starting value
    }

}

Java 8过滤器和映射

获取所有孩子（18岁以下）的名字。

测验

package com.technologyconversations.java8exercises.streams;

import org.junit.Test;

import java.util.List;

import static com.technologyconversations.java8exercises.streams.Kids.*;
import static java.util.Arrays.asList;
import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;

/*
Get names of all kids (under age of 18)
 */
public class KidsSpec {

    @Test
    public void getKidNameShouldReturnNamesOfAllKidsFromNorway() {
        Person sara = new Person("Sara", 4);
        Person viktor = new Person("Viktor", 40);
        Person eva = new Person("Eva", 42);
        Person anna = new Person("Anna", 5);
        List<Person> collection = asList(sara, eva, viktor, anna);
        assertThat(getKidNames(collection))
                .contains("Sara", "Anna")
                .doesNotContain("Viktor", "Eva");
    }

}

Java 7（getKidNames7）和Java8（getKidNames）实现

package com.technologyconversations.java8exercises.streams;

import java.util.*;

import static java.util.stream.Collectors.toSet;

public class Kids {

    public static Set<String> getKidNames7(List<Person> people) {
        Set<String> kids = new HashSet<>();
        for (Person person : people) {
            if (person.getAge() < 18) {
                kids.add(person.getName());
            }
        }
        return kids;
    }

    public static Set<String> getKidNames(List<Person> people) {
        return people.stream()
                .filter(person -> person.getAge() < 18) // Filter kids (under age of 18)
                .map(Person::getName) // Map Person elements to names
                .collect(toSet()); // Collect values to a Set
    }

}

Java 8摘要统计

获取人员统计信息：平均年龄，人数，最大年龄，最小年龄和所有年龄的总和。

测验

package com.technologyconversations.java8exercises.streams;

import org.junit.Test;

import java.util.List;

import static com.technologyconversations.java8exercises.streams.PeopleStats.*;
import static java.util.Arrays.asList;
import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;

/*
Get people statistics: average age, count, maximum age, minimum age and sum og all ages.
 */
public class PeopleStatsSpec {

    Person sara = new Person("Sara", 4);
    Person viktor = new Person("Viktor", 40);
    Person eva = new Person("Eva", 42);
    List<Person> collection = asList(sara, eva, viktor);

    @Test
    public void getStatsShouldReturnAverageAge() {
        assertThat(getStats(collection).getAverage())
                .isEqualTo((double)(4 + 40 + 42) / 3);
    }

    @Test
    public void getStatsShouldReturnNumberOfPeople() {
        assertThat(getStats(collection).getCount())
                .isEqualTo(3);
    }

    @Test
    public void getStatsShouldReturnMaximumAge() {
        assertThat(getStats(collection).getMax())
                .isEqualTo(42);
    }

    @Test
    public void getStatsShouldReturnMinimumAge() {
        assertThat(getStats(collection).getMin())
                .isEqualTo(4);
    }

    @Test
    public void getStatsShouldReturnSumOfAllAges() {
        assertThat(getStats(collection).getSum())
                .isEqualTo(40 + 42 + 4);
    }

}

Java 7（getStats7）和Java8（getStats）实现

package com.technologyconversations.java8exercises.streams;

import java.util.IntSummaryStatistics;
import java.util.List;

public class PeopleStats {

    public static Stats getStats7(List<Person> people) {
        long sum = 0;
        int min = people.get(0).getAge();
        int max = 0;
        for (Person person : people) {
            int age = person.getAge();
            sum += age;
            min = Math.min(min, age);
            max = Math.max(max, age);
        }
        return new Stats(people.size(), sum, min, max);
    }

    public static IntSummaryStatistics getStats(List<Person> people) {
        return people.stream()
                .mapToInt(Person::getAge)
                .summaryStatistics();
    }

}

Java 8分区

分区成人和孩子。

测验

package com.technologyconversations.java8exercises.streams;

import org.junit.Test;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import static com.technologyconversations.java8exercises.streams.Partitioning.*;
import static java.util.Arrays.asList;
import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;

/*
Partition adults and kids
 */
public class PartitioningSpec {

    @Test
    public void partitionAdultsShouldSeparateKidsFromAdults() {
        Person sara = new Person("Sara", 4);
        Person viktor = new Person("Viktor", 40);
        Person eva = new Person("Eva", 42);
        List<Person> collection = asList(sara, eva, viktor);
        Map<Boolean, List<Person>> result = partitionAdults(collection);
        assertThat(result.get(true)).hasSameElementsAs(asList(viktor, eva));
        assertThat(result.get(false)).hasSameElementsAs(asList(sara));
    }

}

Java 7（partitionAdults7）和Java8（partitionAdults）实现

package com.technologyconversations.java8exercises.streams;

import java.util.*;
import static java.util.stream.Collectors.*;

public class Partitioning {

    public static Map<Boolean, List<Person>> partitionAdults7(List<Person> people) {
        Map<Boolean, List<Person>> map = new HashMap<>();
        map.put(true, new ArrayList<>());
        map.put(false, new ArrayList<>());
        for (Person person : people) {
            map.get(person.getAge() >= 18).add(person);
        }
        return map;
    }

    public static Map<Boolean, List<Person>> partitionAdults(List<Person> people) {
        return people.stream() // Convert collection to Stream
                .collect(partitioningBy(p -> p.getAge() >= 18)); // Partition stream of people into adults (age => 18) and kids
    }

}

Java 8分组

按国籍分组人。

测验

package com.technologyconversations.java8exercises.streams;

import org.junit.Test;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import static com.technologyconversations.java8exercises.streams.Grouping.*;
import static java.util.Arrays.asList;
import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;

/*
Group people by nationality
 */
public class GroupingSpec {

    @Test
    public void partitionAdultsShouldSeparateKidsFromAdults() {
        Person sara = new Person("Sara", 4, "Norwegian");
        Person viktor = new Person("Viktor", 40, "Serbian");
        Person eva = new Person("Eva", 42, "Norwegian");
        List<Person> collection = asList(sara, eva, viktor);
        Map<String, List<Person>> result = groupByNationality(collection);
        assertThat(result.get("Norwegian")).hasSameElementsAs(asList(sara, eva));
        assertThat(result.get("Serbian")).hasSameElementsAs(asList(viktor));
    }

}

Java 7（groupByNationality7）和Java8（groupByNationality）实现

package com.technologyconversations.java8exercises.streams;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import static java.util.stream.Collectors.*;

public class Grouping {

    public static Map<String, List<Person>> groupByNationality7(List<Person> people) {
        Map<String, List<Person>> map = new HashMap<>();
        for (Person person : people) {
            if (!map.containsKey(person.getNationality())) {
                map.put(person.getNationality(), new ArrayList<>());
            }
            map.get(person.getNationality()).add(person);
        }
        return map;
    }

    public static Map<String, List<Person>> groupByNationality(List<Person> people) {
        return people.stream() // Convert collection to Stream
                .collect(groupingBy(Person::getNationality)); // Group people by nationality
    }

}

Java 8加入

返回用逗号分隔的人名。

测验

package com.technologyconversations.java8exercises.streams;

import org.junit.Test;

import java.util.List;

import static com.technologyconversations.java8exercises.streams.Joining.namesToString;
import static java.util.Arrays.asList;
import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;

/*
Return people names separated by comma
 */
public class JoiningSpec {

    @Test
    public void toStringShouldReturnPeopleNamesSeparatedByComma() {
        Person sara = new Person("Sara", 4);
        Person viktor = new Person("Viktor", 40);
        Person eva = new Person("Eva", 42);
        List<Person> collection = asList(sara, viktor, eva);
        assertThat(namesToString(collection))
                .isEqualTo("Names: Sara, Viktor, Eva.");
    }

}

Java 7（namesToString7）和Java8（namesToString）实现

package com.technologyconversations.java8exercises.streams;

import java.util.List;

import static java.util.stream.Collectors.joining;

public class Joining {

    public static String namesToString7(List<Person> people) {
        String label = "Names: ";
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(label);
        for (Person person : people) {
            if (sb.length() > label.length()) {
                sb.append(", ");
            }
            sb.append(person.getName());
        }
        sb.append(".");
        return sb.toString();
    }

    public static String namesToString(List<Person> people) {
        return people.stream() // Convert collection to Stream
                .map(Person::getName) // Map Person to name
                .collect(joining(", ", "Names: ", ".")); // Join names
    }

}