介绍
- Amazon DynamoDB是一项完全托管的NoSQL数据库服务,可提供无缝的可扩展性和快速可预测的性能。
- Amazon DynamoDB自动将表的数据和流量分布在足够数量的服务器上,以处理客户指定的请求容量和存储的数据量,同时保持一致且快速的性能。
- 所有数据项都存储在固态磁盘(SSD)上,并自动跨区域中的多个可用区复制,以提供内置的高可用性和数据持久性。
- 您可以通过AWS管理控制台启动新的Amazon DynamoDB数据库表,在不停机或性能下降的情况下扩展或缩减对该表的请求容量,并获得对资源利用率和性能指标的可见性。
- 借助Amazon DynamoDB,您可以将操作和扩展分布式数据库的管理负担转移到AWS,因此您不必担心硬件设置,设置和配置,复制,软件修补或集群扩展。
- SDK: http : //aws.amazon.com/sdkforjava/
Amazon DynamoDB注释
- @DynamoDBTable
标识Amazon DynamoDB中的目标表。 例如,以下Java代码段定义了一个类Developer,并将其映射到Amazon DynamoDB中的People表。
@DynamoDBTable(tableName="People")
public class Developer { ...}
- @DynamoDBIgnore
向DynamoDBMapper实例指示应该忽略关联的属性。 将数据保存到表时,DynamoDBMapper不会将此属性保存到表中。
- @DynamoDBAttribute
将属性映射到表属性。 默认情况下,每个类属性都映射到具有相同名称的item属性。 但是,如果名称不同,则可以使用此标记将属性映射到属性。 在以下Java代码段中,DynamoDBAttribute将BookAuthors属性映射到表中的Authors属性名称。
@DynamoDBAttribute(attributeName = "Authors")
public List<String> getBookAuthors() { return BookAuthors; }
public void setBookAuthors(List<String> BookAuthors) { this.BookAuthors = BookAuthors; }
将对象保存到表时,DynamoDBMapper使用作者作为属性名称。
- @DynamoDBHashKey
将类属性映射到表的hash属性。 该属性必须是受支持的String或Numeric类型之一,并且不能是集合类型。
假设您有一个表ProductCatalog,该表具有ID作为主键。 以下Java代码段定义了CatalogItem类,并使用@DynamoDBHashKey标记将其id属性映射到ProductCatalog表的主键。
@DynamoDBTable(tableName="ProductCatalog")
public class CatalogItem {
private String Id;
@DynamoDBHashKey(attributeName="Id")
public String getId() {
return Id;
}
public void setId(String Id) {
this.Id = Id;
}
// Additional properties go here.
}
- @DynamoDBRangeKey
将类属性映射到表的范围键属性。 如果主键是由哈希键和范围键属性组成的,则可以使用此标记将您的类字段映射到范围属性。 例如,假定您有一个“回复”表,其中存储有论坛主题的回复。 每个线程可以有很多回复。 因此,该表的主键是ThreadId和ReplyDateTime。 ThreadId是哈希属性,ReplyDateTime是范围属性。 以下Java代码段定义了Reply类,并将其映射到Reply表。 它同时使用@DynamoDBHashKey和@DynamoDBRangeKeytags来标识映射到主键的类属性。
@DynamoDBTable(tableName="Reply")
public class Reply {
private String id;
private String replyDateTime;
@DynamoDBHashKey(attributeName="Id")
public String getId() { return id; }
public void setId(String id) { this.id = id; }
@DynamoDBRangeKey(attributeName="ReplyDateTime")
public String getReplyDateTime() { return replyDateTime; }
public void setReplyDateTime(String replyDateTime) { this.replyDateTime = replyDateTime; }
// Additional properties go here.
}
- @DynamoDBAutoGeneratedKey
将哈希键或范围键属性标记为自动生成。 保存这些属性时,对象持久性模型将生成一个随机UUID。 只能将字符串属性标记为自动生成的键。
以下代码段演示了如何使用自动生成的密钥。
@DynamoDBTable(tableName="AutoGeneratedKeysExample")
public class AutoGeneratedKeys {
private String id;
private String payload;
@DynamoDBHashKey(attributeName = "Id")
@DynamoDBAutoGeneratedKey
public String getId() { return id; }
public void setId(String id) { this.id = id; }
@DynamoDBAttribute(attributeName="payload")
public String getPayload() { return this.payload };
public String setPayload(String payload) { this.payload = payload };
public static void saveItem() {
AutoGeneratedKeys obj = new AutoGeneratedKeys();
obj.setPayload("abc123");
// id field is null at this point
DynamoDBMapper mapper = new DynamoDBMapper(dynamoDBClient);
mapper.save(obj);
System.out.println("Object was saved with id " + obj.getId());
}
}
- @DynamoDBVersionAttribute
标识用于存储乐观锁定版本号的类属性。 DynamoDBMapper保存新项目时,会为此属性分配一个版本号,并在每次更新该项目时将其递增。 仅支持数字标量类型。
DynamoDBMapper类别
DynamoDBMapper类是Amazon DynamoDB的入口点。 它提供了与Amazon DynamoDB的连接,并使您能够访问各种表中的数据,对项目执行各种CRUD操作以及对表执行查询和扫描。 此类提供以下关键操作,供您使用Amazon DynamoDB。
- 救
- 将指定的对象保存到表中。
mapper.save(obj, new DynamoDBMapperConfig(DynamoDBMapperConfig.SaveBehavior.CLOBBER));
- 加载
- 从表中检索项目。
CatalogItem item = mapper.load(CatalogItem.class, item.getId(),
new DynamoDBMapperConfig(DynamoDBMapperConfig.ConsistentReads.CONSISTENT));
- 删除
- 从表中删除一个项目。
- 询问
- 启用表查询。
String forumName = "Amazon DynamoDB";
String forumSubject = "DynamoDB Thread 1";
String hashKey = forumName + "#" + forumSubject;
long twoWeeksAgoMilli = (new Date()).getTime() - (14L*24L*60L*60L*1000L);
Date twoWeeksAgo = new Date();
twoWeeksAgo.setTime(twoWeeksAgoMilli);
SimpleDateFormat df = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss.SSS'Z'");
String twoWeeksAgoStr = df.format(twoWeeksAgo);
Condition rangeKeyCondition = new Condition()
.withComparisonOperator(ComparisonOperator.GT.toString())
.withAttributeValueList(new AttributeValue().withS(twoWeeksAgoStr.toString()));
Reply replyKey = new Reply();
replyKey.setId(hashKey);
DynamoDBQueryExpression<Reply> queryExpression = new DynamoDBQueryExpression<Reply>()
.withHashKeyValues(replyKey)
.withRangeKeyCondition("ReplyDateTime", rangeKeyCondition);
List<Reply> latestReplies = mapper.query(Reply.class, queryExpression);
该查询返回Reply对象的集合。
- 扫描
- 扫描整个表。
DynamoDBScanExpression scanExpression = new DynamoDBScanExpression();
Map<String, Condition> scanFilter = new HashMap<String, Condition>();
Condition scanCondition = new Condition()
.withComparisonOperator(ComparisonOperator.EQ.toString())
.withAttributeValueList(new AttributeValue().withN("0"));
scanFilter.put("Answered", scanCondition);
scanExpression.setScanFilter(scanFilter);
List<Thread> unansweredThreads = mapper.scan(Thread.class, scanExpression);
- 扫描方法返回“延迟加载”集合。 它最初仅返回一页结果,然后在需要时对下一页进行服务调用。 要获取所有匹配项,您仅需要遍历unansweredThreads集合。
- batchDelete
- 使用对AmazonDynamoDB.batchWriteItem方法的一个或多个调用从一个或多个表中删除对象。
Book book1 = mapper.load(Book.class, 901);
Book book2 = mapper.load(Book.class, 902);
mapper.batchDelete(Arrays.asList(book1, book2));
- batchSave
- 使用对AmazonDynamoDB.batchWriteItem方法的一个或多个调用将对象保存到一个或多个表。
Book book1 = new Book();
book1.id = 901;
book1.productCategory = "Book";
book1.title = "Book 901 Title";
Book book2 = new Book();
book2.id = 902;
book2.productCategory = "Book";
book2.title = "Book 902 Title";
mapper.batchSave(Arrays.asList(book1, book2));
- batchWrite
- 使用对AmazonDynamoDB.batchWriteItem方法的一个或多个调用,将对象保存到一个或多个表并从一个或多个表中删除对象。
// Create a Forum item to save
Forum forumItem = new Forum();
forumItem.name = "Test BatchWrite Forum";
// Create a Thread item to save
Thread threadItem = new Thread();
threadItem.forumName = "AmazonDynamoDB";
threadItem.subject = "My sample question";
// Load a ProductCatalog item to delete
Book book3 = mapper.load(Book.class, 903);
List<Object> objectsToWrite = Arrays.asList(forumItem, threadItem);
List<Book> objectsToDelete = Arrays.asList(book3);
mapper.batchWrite(objectsToWrite, objectsToDelete);
- 计数
- 计算指定的扫描表达式并返回匹配项的计数。
- marshallIntoObject
- 一种将结果从低级API转换为域对象的实用程序方法。
支持的数据类型
Amazon DynamoDB支持以下原始数据类型和原始包装器类。
- 串
- 布尔,布尔
- 字节,字节
- 日期(作为ISO8601毫秒精度的字符串,转换为UTC)
- 日历(作为ISO8601毫秒精度的字符串,已转换为UTC)
- 好久好久
- 整数,整数
- 双倍
- 浮,浮
- 大十进制
- 大整数
Amazon DynamoDB支持Java Set集合类型。 如果映射的集合属性不是Set,则将引发异常。
下表总结了前面的Java类型如何映射到Amazon DynamoDB类型。
Java类型 | Amazon DynamoDB类型 |
所有数字类型 | N(数字类型) |
弦乐 | S(字符串类型) |
布尔值 | N(数字类型),0或1。 |
字节缓冲区 | B(二进制类型) |
日期 | S(字符串类型)。 日期值存储为ISO-8601格式的字符串。 |
设置收集类型 | SS(字符串集)类型,NS(数字集)类型或BS(二进制集)类型。 |
Java示例:CRUD操作
CatalogItem.java
import java.util.Set;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.datamodeling.DynamoDBAttribute;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.datamodeling.DynamoDBHashKey;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.datamodeling.DynamoDBTable;
@DynamoDBTable(tableName="ProductCatalog")
public class CatalogItem {
private Integer id;
private String title;
private String ISBN;
private Set bookAuthors;
@DynamoDBHashKey(attributeName="Id")
public Integer getId() { return id; }
public void setId(Integer id) { this.id = id; }
@DynamoDBAttribute(attributeName="Title")
public String getTitle() { return title; }
public void setTitle(String title) { this.title = title; }
@DynamoDBAttribute(attributeName="ISBN")
public String getISBN() { return ISBN; }
public void setISBN(String ISBN) { this.ISBN = ISBN;}
@DynamoDBAttribute(attributeName = "Authors")
public Set getBookAuthors() { return bookAuthors; }
public void setBookAuthors(Set bookAuthors) { this.bookAuthors = bookAuthors; }
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Book [ISBN=" + ISBN + ", bookAuthors=" + bookAuthors
+ ", id=" + id + ", title=" + title + "]";
}
}
ObjectPersistenceCRUDExample.java
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Random;
import com.amazonaws.AmazonClientException;
import com.amazonaws.AmazonServiceException;
import com.amazonaws.auth.AWSCredentials;
import com.amazonaws.auth.ClasspathPropertiesFileCredentialsProvider;
import com.amazonaws.regions.Region;
import com.amazonaws.regions.Regions;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.AmazonDynamoDBClient;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.datamodeling.DynamoDBMapper;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.datamodeling.DynamoDBMapperConfig;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.model.AttributeDefinition;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.model.AttributeValue;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.model.ComparisonOperator;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.model.Condition;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.model.CreateTableRequest;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.model.DescribeTableRequest;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.model.KeySchemaElement;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.model.KeyType;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.model.ProvisionedThroughput;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.model.ScalarAttributeType;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.model.ScanRequest;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.model.ScanResult;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.model.TableDescription;
import com.amazonaws.services.dynamodbv2.model.TableStatus;
public class ObjectPersistenceCRUDExample {
static AmazonDynamoDBClient client;
private DynamoDBMapper mapper;
private static int PRODUCT_ID;
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
ObjectPersistenceCRUDExample demo = new ObjectPersistenceCRUDExample();
demo.init();
demo.createTable("ProductCatalog");
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
System.out.println(i);
PRODUCT_ID = PRODUCT_ID + i;
demo.insert();
}
demo.getAllRows();
CatalogItem itemRetrieved = demo.load(PRODUCT_ID);
demo.update(itemRetrieved);
CatalogItem updatedItem = demo.load(PRODUCT_ID);
demo.delete(updatedItem);
demo.load(updatedItem.getId());
System.out.println("Example complete!");
}
private void init() {
PRODUCT_ID = new Random().nextInt(1000);
AWSCredentials credentials = new ClasspathPropertiesFileCredentialsProvider()
.getCredentials();
client = new AmazonDynamoDBClient(credentials);
Region usWest2 = Region.getRegion(Regions.US_WEST_2);
client.setRegion(usWest2);
mapper = new DynamoDBMapper(client);
}
private void createTable(String tableName) {
try {
CreateTableRequest createTableRequest = new CreateTableRequest()
.withTableName(tableName);
createTableRequest.withKeySchema(new KeySchemaElement()
.withAttributeName("Id").withKeyType(KeyType.HASH));
createTableRequest
.withAttributeDefinitions(new AttributeDefinition()
.withAttributeName("Id").withAttributeType(
ScalarAttributeType.N));
createTableRequest
.withProvisionedThroughput(new ProvisionedThroughput()
.withReadCapacityUnits(10L).withWriteCapacityUnits(
10L));
TableDescription createdTableDescription = client.createTable(
createTableRequest).getTableDescription();
System.out.println("Created Table: " + createdTableDescription);
// Wait for it to become active
waitForTableToBecomeAvailable(tableName);
} catch (AmazonServiceException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (AmazonClientException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
private void waitForTableToBecomeAvailable(String tableName) {
System.out.println("Waiting for " + tableName + " to become ACTIVE...");
long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
long endTime = startTime + (10 * 60 * 1000);
while (System.currentTimeMillis() < endTime) {
try {
Thread.sleep(1000 * 20);
} catch (Exception e) {
}
try {
DescribeTableRequest request = new DescribeTableRequest()
.withTableName(tableName);
TableDescription tableDescription = client.describeTable(
request).getTable();
String tableStatus = tableDescription.getTableStatus();
System.out.println(" - current state: " + tableStatus);
if (tableStatus.equals(TableStatus.ACTIVE.toString()))
return;
} catch (AmazonServiceException ase) {
if (ase.getErrorCode().equalsIgnoreCase(
"ResourceNotFoundException") == false)
throw ase;
}
}
throw new RuntimeException("Table " + tableName + " never went active");
}
private void insert() {
CatalogItem item = new CatalogItem();
item.setId(PRODUCT_ID);
item.setTitle("Book PRODUCT_ID");
item.setISBN("611-1111111111");
item.setBookAuthors(new HashSet(Arrays.asList("Author1",
"Author2")));
// Save the item (book).
mapper.save(item);
}
private void update(CatalogItem itemRetrieved) {
itemRetrieved.setISBN("622-2222222222");
itemRetrieved.setBookAuthors(new HashSet(Arrays.asList(
"Author1", "Author3")));
mapper.save(itemRetrieved);
System.out.println("Item updated:");
System.out.println(itemRetrieved);
}
private void delete(CatalogItem updatedItem) {
// Delete the item.
mapper.delete(updatedItem);
}
private CatalogItem load(int id) {
// Retrieve the updated item.
DynamoDBMapperConfig config = new DynamoDBMapperConfig(
DynamoDBMapperConfig.ConsistentReads.CONSISTENT);
CatalogItem updatedItem = mapper.load(CatalogItem.class, id, config);
if (updatedItem == null) {
System.out.println("Done - Sample item is deleted.");
} else {
System.out.println("Retrieved item:");
System.out.println(updatedItem);
}
return updatedItem;
}
private void getAllRows() {
ScanRequest scanRequest = new ScanRequest()
.withTableName("ProductCatalog");
scanRequest.setLimit(10);
HashMap scanFilter = new HashMap();
Condition condition = new Condition().withComparisonOperator(
ComparisonOperator.EQ.toString()).withAttributeValueList(
new AttributeValue().withS("611-1111111111"));
scanFilter.put("ISBN", condition);
Condition condition2 = new Condition().withComparisonOperator(
ComparisonOperator.LE.toString()).withAttributeValueList(
new AttributeValue().withN("1000"));
scanFilter.put("Id", condition2);
scanRequest.withScanFilter(scanFilter);
try {
System.out.println("Scan Request: " + scanRequest);
ScanResult scanResponse = client.scan(scanRequest);
for (Map item : scanResponse.getItems()) {
System.out.println(item.get("Id").getN() + " , " +
item.get("ISBN").getS() + " , " +
item.get("Authors").getSS() + " , " +
item.get("Title").getS());
}
System.out.println("Scan Response: " + scanResponse);
System.out.println("Count: " + scanResponse.getCount());
System.out.println("Scanned Count: "
+ scanResponse.getScannedCount());
System.out.println("Items: " + scanResponse.getItems());
} catch (AmazonServiceException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (AmazonClientException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
翻译自: https://www.javacodegeeks.com/2013/08/amazon-dynamodb.html