Spring Data JPA是一个旨在简化基于JPA的存储库的创建并减少与数据库通信所需的代码量的项目。 在我的工作和个人爱好项目中,我已经使用了一段时间,确实使事情变得更加简单和整洁。 现在是时候与您分享我的知识了。
这是我的Spring Data JPA教程的第一部分,它将向您介绍在将Hibernate用作JPA提供程序时如何配置Spring Data JPA。 在开始之前,我想弄清楚一件事:本教程不是Hibernate,JPA或Spring的入门级教程。 如果您想了解我的Spring Data JPA教程中描述的概念,那么您必须对这些技术有一定的经验。
本教程的依赖性如下:
- BoneCP 0.7.1.RELEASE(您也可以使用其他数据源实现)
- Hibernate 4.0.1.Final
- Spring Framework 3.1.0。发布
- Spring Data JPA 1.0.2
- Servlet API 3.0
另外,由于我将Maven用作构建工具,因此如果要运行示例应用程序,则必须安装它。
入门
现在该开始了。 您可以按照以下步骤配置Spring Data JPA:
- 您必须获得所需的依赖关系。
- 您必须在Spring应用程序上下文配置中配置所需的bean。 Spring Data JPA所需的bean是:数据源,事务管理器和实体管理器工厂。
- 您必须配置Spring Data JPA。
以下将详细解释这些步骤:
获得所需的辅佐
首先,您需要获取所需的依赖关系。 您可以通过在pom.xml文件中配置所需的依赖项来实现。 我的示例的pom.xml看起来如下:
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>net.petrikainulainen.spring</groupId>
<artifactId>data-jpa-tutorial-part-one</artifactId>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<version>0.1</version>
<name>Spring Data JPA Tutorial Part One</name>
<description>Spring Data JPA Tutorial Part One</description>
<licenses>
<license>
<name>Apache License 2.0</name>
<url>http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0</url>
</license>
</licenses>
<url>http://www.petrikainulainen.net</url>
<repositories>
<repository>
<id>repository.jboss.org-public</id>
<name>JBoss repository</name>
<url>https://repository.jboss.org/nexus/content/groups/public</url>
</repository>
</repositories>
<properties>
<hibernate.version>4.0.1.Final</hibernate.version>
<mysql.connector.version>5.1.18</mysql.connector.version>
<slf4j.version>1.6.1</slf4j.version>
<spring.version>3.1.0.RELEASE</spring.version>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<!-- Spring Framework -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Spring MVC -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>cglib</groupId>
<artifactId>cglib</artifactId>
<version>2.2.2</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Spring Data JPA -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-data-jpa</artifactId>
<version>1.0.2.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Hibernate -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
<version>${hibernate.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>
<version>${hibernate.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- H2 Database -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
<artifactId>h2</artifactId>
<version>1.3.160</version>
</dependency>
<!-- MySQL JDBC connector -->
<!-- If you want to use MySQL, uncomment this dependency declation. -->
<!--
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>${mysql.connector.version}</version>
</dependency>
-->
<!-- PostgreSQL JDBC 4 -->
<!-- If you don't want to use PostgreSQL, uncomment this dependency declaration. -->
<!--
<dependency>
<groupId>postgresql</groupId>
<artifactId>postgresql</artifactId>
<version>9.0-801.jdbc4</version>
</dependency>
-->
<!-- BoneCP -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.jolbox</groupId>
<artifactId>bonecp</artifactId>
<version>0.7.1.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Servlet API 3.0 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>3.0.1</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Logging dependencies -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>1.2.16</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Testing Dependencies -->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.9</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>data-jpa-tutorial-part-one</finalName>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.3.2</version>
<configuration>
<source>1.6</source>
<target>1.6</target>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.1.1</version>
<configuration>
<failOnMissingWebXml>false</failOnMissingWebXml>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.mortbay.jetty</groupId>
<artifactId>jetty-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>8.1.0.RC2</version>
<configuration>
<scanIntervalSeconds>0</scanIntervalSeconds>
<webAppConfig>
<defaultsDescriptor>src/main/resources/webdefault.xml</defaultsDescriptor>
</webAppConfig>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-site-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.0</version>
<configuration>
<reportPlugins>
<!-- Cobertura Plugin -->
<plugin>
<groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
<artifactId>cobertura-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.5.1</version>
</plugin>
</reportPlugins>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
配置Spring应用程序上下文
其次,您必须配置Spring应用程序上下文。 您可能还记得,您需要配置数据源,事务管理器和实体管理器工厂bean。 如果您使用的是Spring 3.1和Servlet 3.0,则可以通过实现Java配置类并将该配置类加载到Web应用程序初始化程序中来实现。 我的应用程序上下文配置类的内容如下:
import com.jolbox.bonecp.BoneCPDataSource;
import org.hibernate.ejb.HibernatePersistence;
import org.springframework.context.MessageSource;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource;
import org.springframework.core.env.Environment;
import org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager;
import org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ViewResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
/**
* An application context Java configuration class. The usage of Java configuration
* requires Spring Framework 3.0 or higher with following exceptions:
* <ul>
* <li>@EnableWebMvc annotation requires Spring Framework 3.1</li>
* </ul>
* @author Petri Kainulainen
*/
@Configuration
@ComponentScan(basePackages = {"net.petrikainulainen.spring.datajpa.controller"})
@EnableWebMvc
@ImportResource("classpath:applicationContext.xml")
@PropertySource("classpath:application.properties")
public class ApplicationContext {
private static final String VIEW_RESOLVER_PREFIX = "/WEB-INF/jsp/";
private static final String VIEW_RESOLVER_SUFFIX = ".jsp";
private static final String PROPERTY_NAME_DATABASE_DRIVER = "db.driver";
private static final String PROPERTY_NAME_DATABASE_PASSWORD = "db.password";
private static final String PROPERTY_NAME_DATABASE_URL = "db.url";
private static final String PROPERTY_NAME_DATABASE_USERNAME = "db.username";
private static final String PROPERTY_NAME_HIBERNATE_DIALECT = "hibernate.dialect";
private static final String PROPERTY_NAME_HIBERNATE_FORMAT_SQL = "hibernate.format_sql";
private static final String PROPERTY_NAME_HIBERNATE_NAMING_STRATEGY = "hibernate.ejb.naming_strategy";
private static final String PROPERTY_NAME_HIBERNATE_SHOW_SQL = "hibernate.show_sql";
private static final String PROPERTY_NAME_ENTITYMANAGER_PACKAGES_TO_SCAN = "entitymanager.packages.to.scan";
private static final String PROPERTY_NAME_MESSAGESOURCE_BASENAME = "message.source.basename";
private static final String PROPERTY_NAME_MESSAGESOURCE_USE_CODE_AS_DEFAULT_MESSAGE = "message.source.use.code.as.default.message";
@Resource
private Environment environment;
@Bean
public DataSource dataSource() {
BoneCPDataSource dataSource = new BoneCPDataSource();
dataSource.setDriverClass(environment.getRequiredProperty(PROPERTY_NAME_DATABASE_DRIVER));
dataSource.setJdbcUrl(environment.getRequiredProperty(PROPERTY_NAME_DATABASE_URL));
dataSource.setUsername(environment.getRequiredProperty(PROPERTY_NAME_DATABASE_USERNAME));
dataSource.setPassword(environment.getRequiredProperty(PROPERTY_NAME_DATABASE_PASSWORD));
return dataSource;
}
@Bean
public JpaTransactionManager transactionManager() throws ClassNotFoundException {
JpaTransactionManager transactionManager = new JpaTransactionManager();
transactionManager.setEntityManagerFactory(entityManagerFactoryBean().getObject());
return transactionManager;
}
@Bean
public LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean entityManagerFactoryBean() throws ClassNotFoundException {
LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean entityManagerFactoryBean = new LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean();
entityManagerFactoryBean.setDataSource(dataSource());
entityManagerFactoryBean.setPackagesToScan(
environment.getRequiredProperty(PROPERTY_NAME_ENTITYMANAGER_PACKAGES_TO_SCAN));
entityManagerFactoryBean.setPersistenceProviderClass(HibernatePersistence.class);
Properties jpaProterties = new Properties();
jpaProterties.put(PROPERTY_NAME_HIBERNATE_DIALECT, environment.getRequiredProperty(PROPERTY_NAME_HIBERNATE_DIALECT));
jpaProterties.put(PROPERTY_NAME_HIBERNATE_FORMAT_SQL, environment.getRequiredProperty(PROPERTY_NAME_HIBERNATE_FORMAT_SQL));
jpaProterties.put(PROPERTY_NAME_HIBERNATE_NAMING_STRATEGY, environment.getRequiredProperty(PROPERTY_NAME_HIBERNATE_NAMING_STRATEGY));
jpaProterties.put(PROPERTY_NAME_HIBERNATE_SHOW_SQL, environment.getRequiredProperty(PROPERTY_NAME_HIBERNATE_SHOW_SQL));
entityManagerFactoryBean.setJpaProperties(jpaProterties);
return entityManagerFactoryBean;
}
@Bean
public MessageSource messageSource() {
ResourceBundleMessageSource messageSource = new ResourceBundleMessageSource();
messageSource.setBasename(
environment.getRequiredProperty(PROPERTY_NAME_MESSAGESOURCE_BASENAME));
messageSource.setUseCodeAsDefaultMessage(
Boolean.parseBoolean(
environment.getRequiredProperty(PROPERTY_NAME_MESSAGESOURCE_USE_CODE_AS_DEFAULT_MESSAGE)));
return messageSource;
}
@Bean
public ViewResolver viewResolver() {
InternalResourceViewResolver viewResolver = new InternalResourceViewResolver();
viewResolver.setViewClass(JstlView.class);
viewResolver.setPrefix(VIEW_RESOLVER_PREFIX);
viewResolver.setSuffix(VIEW_RESOLVER_SUFFIX);
return viewResolver;
}
}
我的Web应用程序初始化程序如下所示:
import org.springframework.web.WebApplicationInitializer;
import org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener;
import org.springframework.web.context.support.AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet;
import javax.servlet.*;
/**
* Web application Java configuration class. The usage of web application
* initializer requires Spring Framework 3.1 and Servlet 3.0.
* @author Petri Kainulainen
*/
public class DataJPAExampleInitializer implements WebApplicationInitializer {
private static final String DISPATCHER_SERVLET_NAME = "dispatcher";
private static final String DISPATCHER_SERVLET_MAPPING = "/";
@Override
public void onStartup(ServletContext servletContext) throws ServletException {
AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext rootContext = new AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext();
rootContext.register(ApplicationContext.class);
ServletRegistration.Dynamic dispatcher = servletContext.addServlet(DISPATCHER_SERVLET_NAME, new DispatcherServlet(rootContext));
dispatcher.setLoadOnStartup(1);
dispatcher.addMapping(DISPATCHER_SERVLET_MAPPING);
servletContext.addListener(new ContextLoaderListener(rootContext));
}
}
您可能已经注意到,我使用@PropertySource批注指定属性文件的位置,该文件包含使用的配置参数的值。 我的application.properties文件的内容如下:
# The default database is H2 memory database but I have also
# added configuration needed to use either MySQL and PostgreSQL.
#Database Configuration
db.driver=org.h2.Driver
#db.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
#db.driver=org.postgresql.Driver
db.url=jdbc:h2:mem:datajpa
#db.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/datajpa
#db.url=jdbc:postgresql://localhost/datajpa
db.username=sa
db.password=
#Hibernate Configuration
hibernate.dialect=org.hibernate.dialect.H2Dialect
#hibernate.dialect=org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect
#hibernate.dialect=org.hibernate.dialect.PostgreSQLDialect
hibernate.format_sql=true
hibernate.ejb.naming_strategy=org.hibernate.cfg.ImprovedNamingStrategy
hibernate.show_sql=true
#MessageSource
message.source.basename=i18n/messages
message.source.use.code.as.default.message=true
#EntityManager
#Declares the base package of the entity classes
entitymanager.packages.to.scan=net.petrikainulainen.spring.datajpa.model
配置Spring Data JPA
第三,您必须配置Spring Data JPA。 如果您关注的话,您可能已经注意到,我在应用程序上下文配置类中使用@ImportResource批注从XML配置文件中导入其他配置。 目前,Spring Data JPA不支持Java配置。 因此,配置它的唯一方法是使用XML配置文件。 我的pplicationContext.xml文件如下所示:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa
http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa-1.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.1.xsd">
<!--
Configures the location of static resources such as css files.
Requires Spring Framework 3.0 or higher.
-->
<mvc:resources mapping="/static/**" location="/static/"/>
<!--
Ensures that dispatcher servlet can be mapped to '/' and static resources
are still served by the containers default servlet. Requires Spring Framework
3.0 or higher.
-->
<mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
<!--
Configures Spring Data JPA and sets the base package of my DAOs.
-->
<jpa:repositories base-package="net.petrikainulainen.spring.datajpa.repository"/>
</beans>
你做完了
这就对了。 我现在已经向您展示了如何配置Spring Data JPA。 我还创建了一个示例应用程序,以演示此配置确实有效。 您可以通过从Github获取示例应用程序并使用Maven Jetty插件运行示例Web应用程序来自己测试配置( 注意 :请记住首先创建模型和存储库包。 因为无法向Git添加空目录临时区域 ,Github存储库也没有)。
我的Spring Data JPA教程的第二部分描述了如何使用Spring Data JPA创建一个简单的CRUD Web应用程序。 敬请关注。
翻译自: https://www.javacodegeeks.com/2013/07/spring-data-jpa-tutorial-part-one-configuration.html