通过树API的简单类:让我们使用树API创建我们的第一类。 同样,我将直接进入一个代码示例,因为没有什么比代码示例更好。 生成的类具有打印“ Hello World!”的主要方法。
TreeAPIDemo.java
package com.geekyarticles.asm;
import java.io.DataOutputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import org.objectweb.asm.ClassWriter;
import org.objectweb.asm.Opcodes;
import org.objectweb.asm.tree.ClassNode;
import org.objectweb.asm.tree.FieldInsnNode;
import org.objectweb.asm.tree.InsnNode;
import org.objectweb.asm.tree.LdcInsnNode;
import org.objectweb.asm.tree.MethodInsnNode;
import org.objectweb.asm.tree.MethodNode;
public class TreeAPIDemo {
public static void main(String [] args) throws Exception{
ClassNode classNode=new ClassNode(4);//4 is just the API version number
//These properties of the classNode must be set
classNode.version=Opcodes.V1_6;//The generated class will only run on JRE 1.6 or above
classNode.access=Opcodes.ACC_PUBLIC;
classNode.signature="Lcom/geekyarticles/asm/Generated;";
classNode.name="com/geekyarticles/asm/Generated";
classNode.superName="java/lang/Object";
//Create a method
MethodNode mainMethod=new MethodNode(4,Opcodes.ACC_PUBLIC|Opcodes.ACC_STATIC,"main", "([Ljava/lang/String;)V",null, null);
mainMethod.instructions.add(new FieldInsnNode(Opcodes.GETSTATIC, "java/lang/System", "out", "Ljava/io/PrintStream;"));
mainMethod.instructions.add(new LdcInsnNode("Hello World!"));
mainMethod.instructions.add(new MethodInsnNode(Opcodes.INVOKEVIRTUAL, "java/io/PrintStream", "println", "(Ljava/lang/String;)V"));
mainMethod.instructions.add(new InsnNode(Opcodes.RETURN));
//Add the method to the classNode
classNode.methods.add(mainMethod);
//Write the class
ClassWriter cw=new ClassWriter(ClassWriter.COMPUTE_MAXS|ClassWriter.COMPUTE_FRAMES);
classNode.accept(cw);
//Dump the class in a file
File outDir=new File("out/com/geekyarticles/asm");
outDir.mkdirs();
DataOutputStream dout=new DataOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(new File(outDir,"Generated.class")));
dout.write(cw.toByteArray());
dout.flush();
dout.close();
}
}
如您所见,代码非常简单。 与BCEL相比,它的主要优点是与BCEL不同,ASM不需要您将每个常量显式添加到常量池中。 相反,ASM会照顾常量池本身。
读取类文件: ClassNode是ClassVisitor。 因此,读取用于树API的类就像创建ClassReader对象并使用它读取类文件一样简单,同时将ClassNode对象作为其accept方法传递给参数。 完成此操作后,将通过类中存在的所有信息完全初始化传递的ClassNode。 在下面的示例中,我们将打印类中的所有方法。
TreeAPIClassReaderDemo.java
package com.geekyarticles.asm;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import org.objectweb.asm.ClassReader;
import org.objectweb.asm.tree.ClassNode;
import org.objectweb.asm.tree.MethodNode;
public class TreeAPIClassReaderDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
InputStream in=new FileInputStream("out/com/geekyarticles/asm/Generated.class");
ClassReader cr=new ClassReader(in);
ClassNode classNode=new ClassNode();
//ClassNode is a ClassVisitor
cr.accept(classNode, 0);
//Let's move through all the methods
for(MethodNode methodNodeclassNode.methods){
System.out.println(methodNode.name+" "+methodNode.desc);
}
}
}
修改类文件:修改类文件是上述两个过程的组合。 我们首先以通常的方式读取该类,对数据进行必要的更改,然后将其写回到文件中。 以下程序实现了一些日志代码的自动注入。 当前,我们的Logger类仅打印到标准输出。 @Loggable注释的每个方法在开始和返回时都将被记录。 在此,我们不记录throw-exception。 但是,也可以通过检查操作码ATHROW以相同的方式实现。
LoggingInsertion.java
package com.geekyarticles.asm;
import java.io.DataOutputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.Iterator;
import org.objectweb.asm.ClassReader;
import org.objectweb.asm.ClassWriter;
import org.objectweb.asm.Opcodes;
import org.objectweb.asm.tree.AbstractInsnNode;
import org.objectweb.asm.tree.AnnotationNode;
import org.objectweb.asm.tree.ClassNode;
import org.objectweb.asm.tree.InsnList;
import org.objectweb.asm.tree.LdcInsnNode;
import org.objectweb.asm.tree.MethodInsnNode;
import org.objectweb.asm.tree.MethodNode;
public class LoggingInsertion {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
InputStream in=LoggingInsertion.class.getResourceAsStream("/com/geekyarticles/asm/LoggingTest.class");
ClassReader cr=new ClassReader(in);
ClassNode classNode=new ClassNode();
cr.accept(classNode, 0);
//Let's move through all the methods
for(MethodNode methodNodeclassNode.methods){
System.out.println(methodNode.name+" "+methodNode.desc);
boolean hasAnnotation=false;
if(methodNode.visibleAnnotations!=null){
for(AnnotationNode annotationNodemethodNode.visibleAnnotations){
if(annotationNode.desc.equals("Lcom/geekyarticles/asm/Loggable;")){
hasAnnotation=true;
break;
}
}
}
if(hasAnnotation){
//Lets insert the begin logger
InsnList beginList=new InsnList();
beginList.add(new LdcInsnNode(methodNode.name));
beginList.add(new MethodInsnNode(Opcodes.INVOKESTATIC, "com/geekyarticles/asm/Logger", "logMethodStart", "(Ljava/lang/String;)V"));
Iterator<AbstractInsnNode> insnNodes=methodNode.instructions.iterator();
while(insnNodes.hasNext()){
System.out.println(insnNodes.next().getOpcode());
}
methodNode.instructions.insert(beginList);
System.out.println(methodNode.instructions);
//A method can have multiple places for return
//All of them must be handled.
insnNodes=methodNode.instructions.iterator();
while(insnNodes.hasNext()){
AbstractInsnNode insn=insnNodes.next();
System.out.println(insn.getOpcode());
if(insn.getOpcode()==Opcodes.IRETURN
||insn.getOpcode()==Opcodes.RETURN
||insn.getOpcode()==Opcodes.ARETURN
||insn.getOpcode()==Opcodes.LRETURN
||insn.getOpcode()==Opcodes.DRETURN){
InsnList endList=new InsnList();
endList.add(new LdcInsnNode(methodNode.name));
endList.add(new MethodInsnNode(Opcodes.INVOKESTATIC, "com/geekyarticles/asm/Logger", "logMethodReturn", "(Ljava/lang/String;)V"));
methodNode.instructions.insertBefore(insn, endList);
}
}
}
}
//We are done now. so dump the class
ClassWriter cw=new ClassWriter(ClassWriter.COMPUTE_MAXS|ClassWriter.COMPUTE_FRAMES);
classNode.accept(cw);
File outDir=new File("out/com/geekyarticles/asm");
outDir.mkdirs();
DataOutputStream dout=new DataOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(new File(outDir,"LoggingTest.class")));
dout.write(cw.toByteArray());
dout.flush();
dout.close();
}
}
LoggingTest.java
package com.geekyarticles.asm;
public class LoggingTest {
public static void run1(){
System.out.println("run 1");
}
@Loggable
public static void run2(){
System.out.println("run 2");
}
@Loggable
public static void main(String [] args){
run1();
run2();
}
}
记录器
package com.geekyarticles.asm;
public class Logger {
public static void logMethodStart(String methodName){
System.out.println("Starting method: "+methodName);
}
public static void logMethodReturn(String methodName){
System.out.println("Ending method: "+methodName);
}
}
Loggable.java
package com.geekyarticles.asm;
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;
@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface Loggable {
}
如果运行此程序,则生成的文件将依赖于Logger类。 手动将Logger类复制到out目录中的正确软件包。 如果运行生成的类(它是LoggingTest类的修改版本),则将输出以下内容。
bash-4.1$ java com.geekyarticles.asm.LoggingTest
Starting method: main
run 1
Starting method: run2
run 2
Ending method: run2
Ending method: main
请注意,与普通列表不同,在迭代InsnList对象时可以对其进行修改。 任何更改都会立即反映出来。 因此,如果在当前位置之后插入了一些指令,则也将对其进行迭代。
参考: 使用ASM 4处理Java类文件–第二部分: JCG合作伙伴提供的 Tree API 极客文章博客上的Debasish Ray Chawdhuri。
翻译自: https://www.javacodegeeks.com/2012/02/manipulating-java-class-files-with-asm_22.html