使用SaxParser和完整代码进行XML解析

SAX解析器使用回调函数（org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler）通知客户端XML文档结构。 您应该扩展DefaultHandler并重写一些方法来实现xml解析。

覆盖的方法是

• startDocument（）和endDocument（）–在XML文档的开头和结尾处调用的方法。
• startElement（）和endElement（）–在文档元素的开头和结尾处调用的方法。
• character（）–以XML文档元素的开始和结束标记之间的文本内容调用的方法。

下面的示例演示使用DefaultHandler解析和XML文档。 它执行xml到模型类的映射并生成对象列表。

XML文档样本：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<catalog>
    <book id="001" lang="ENG">
        <isbn>23-34-42-3</isbn>
        <regDate>1990-05-24</regDate>
        <title>Operating Systems</title>
        <publisher country="USA">Pearson</publisher>
        <price>400</price>
        <authors>
            <author>Ganesh Tiwari</author>
        </authors>
    </book>
    <book id="002">
        <isbn>24-300-042-3</isbn>
        <regDate>1995-05-12</regDate>
        <title>Distributed Systems</title>
        <publisher country="Nepal">Ekata</publisher>
        <price>500</price>
        <authors>
            <author>Mahesh Poudel</author>
            <author>Bikram Adhikari</author>
            <author>Ramesh Poudel</author>
        </authors>
        </book>
</catalog>

Book对象的模型类，用于将xml映射到对象

/**
 * Book class stores book information, after parsing the xml
 * @author Ganesh Tiwari
 */
public class Book {
    String lang;
    String title;
    String id;
    String isbn;
    Date regDate;
    String publisher;
    int price;
    List<String> authors;
    public Book(){
        authors=new ArrayList<String>();
    }
    //getters and setters
}

XML解析（Sax）的Java代码：

import java.io.IOException;
import java.text.ParseException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParser;
import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory;

import org.xml.sax.Attributes;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
import org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler;
public class MySaxParser extends DefaultHandler {
    List<Book> bookL;
    String bookXmlFileName;
    String tmpValue;
    Book bookTmp;
    SimpleDateFormat sdf= new SimpleDateFormat("yy-MM-dd");
    public MySaxParser(String bookXmlFileName) {
        this.bookXmlFileName = bookXmlFileName;
        bookL = new ArrayList<Book>();
        parseDocument();
        printDatas();
    }
    private void parseDocument() {
        // parse
        SAXParserFactory factory = SAXParserFactory.newInstance();
        try {
            SAXParser parser = factory.newSAXParser();
            parser.parse(bookXmlFileName, this);
        } catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {
            System.out.println("ParserConfig error");
        } catch (SAXException e) {
            System.out.println("SAXException : xml not well formed");
        } catch (IOException e) {
            System.out.println("IO error");
        }
    }
    private void printDatas() {
       // System.out.println(bookL.size());
        for (Book tmpB : bookL) {
            System.out.println(tmpB.toString());
        }
    }
    @Override
    public void startElement(String s, String s1, String elementName, Attributes attributes) throws SAXException {
        // if current element is book , create new book
        // clear tmpValue on start of element

        if (elementName.equalsIgnoreCase("book")) {
            bookTmp = new Book();
            bookTmp.setId(attributes.getValue("id"));
            bookTmp.setLang(attributes.getValue("lang"));
        }
        // if current element is publisher
        if (elementName.equalsIgnoreCase("publisher")) {
            bookTmp.setPublisher(attributes.getValue("country"));
        }
    }
    @Override
    public void endElement(String s, String s1, String element) throws SAXException {
        // if end of book element add to list
        if (element.equals("book")) {
            bookL.add(bookTmp);
        }
        if (element.equalsIgnoreCase("isbn")) {
            bookTmp.setIsbn(tmpValue);
        }
        if (element.equalsIgnoreCase("title")) {
            bookTmp.setTitle(tmpValue);
        }
        if(element.equalsIgnoreCase("author")){
           bookTmp.getAuthors().add(tmpValue);
        }
        if(element.equalsIgnoreCase("price")){
            bookTmp.setPrice(Integer.parseInt(tmpValue));
        }
        if(element.equalsIgnoreCase("regDate")){
            try {
                bookTmp.setRegDate(sdf.parse(tmpValue));
            } catch (ParseException e) {
                System.out.println("date parsing error");
            }
        }
    }
    @Override
    public void characters(char[] ac, int i, int j) throws SAXException {
        tmpValue = new String(ac, i, j);
    }
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MySaxParser("catalog.xml");
    }
}

解析输出：

Book [lang=ENG, title=Operating Systems, id=001, isbn=23-34-42-3, regDate=Thu May 24 00:00:00 NPT 1990, publisher=USA, price=400, authors=[Ganesh Tiwari]]
Book [lang=null, title=Distributed Systems, id=002, isbn=24-300-042-3, regDate=Fri May 12 00:00:00 NPT 1995, publisher=Nepal, price=500, authors=[Mahesh Poudel, Bikram Adhikari, Ramesh Poudel]]

参考：在GT's Blog上， 使用我们的JCG合作伙伴 Ganesh Tiwari 提供的完整代码 ， 使用SaxParser进行XML解析 。

翻译自: https://www.javacodegeeks.com/2012/01/xml-parsing-using-saxparser-with.html