为Twitter4j创建自定义SpringBoot Starter

SpringBoot提供了许多启动器模块来快速启动和运行。 SpringBoot的自动配置机制负责根据各种标准代表我们配置SpringBean。

除了Core Spring Team提供的现成的springboot启动器之外,我们还可以创建自己的启动器模块。

在本文中,我们将研究如何创建自定义的SpringBoot启动器。 为了演示它,我们将创建twitter4j-spring-boot-starter ,它将自动配置Twitter4J bean。

为此,我们将创建:

  1. twitter4j-spring-boot-autoconfigure模块,其中包含Twitter4J AutoConfiguration bean定义
  2. twitter4j-spring-boot-starter模块,用于获取twitter4j-spring-boot-autoconfiguretwitter4j-core依赖项
  3. 使用twitter4j-spring-boot-starter的示例应用程序

创建父模块spring-boot-starter-twitter4j

首先,我们将创建一个父pom类型模块,以定义依赖项版本和子模块。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
                        http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.sivalabs</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-twitter4j</artifactId>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>spring-boot-starter-twitter4j</name>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <twitter4j.version>4.0.3</twitter4j.version>
        <spring-boot.version>1.3.2.RELEASE</spring-boot.version>
    </properties>

    <modules>
        <module>twitter4j-spring-boot-autoconfigure</module>
        <module>twitter4j-spring-boot-starter</module>
        <module>twitter4j-spring-boot-sample</module>
    </modules>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-boot.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>

            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.twitter4j</groupId>
                <artifactId>twitter4j-core</artifactId>
                <version>${twitter4j.version}</version>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

</project>

在此pom.xml中,我们在部分中定义了SpringBoot和Twitter4j版本,因此我们无需在所有地方指定版本。

创建twitter4j-spring-boot-autoconfigure模块

在我们的父Maven模块spring-boot-starter-twitter4j中创建一个名为twitter4j-spring-boot-autoconfigure的子模块。

添加Maven依赖项,例如spring-boot, spring-boot-autoconfiguretwitter4j-corejunit ,如下所示:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" 
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
               http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>com.sivalabs</groupId>
    <artifactId>twitter4j-spring-boot-autoconfigure</artifactId>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <parent>
        <groupId>com.sivalabs</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-twitter4j</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-autoconfigure</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.twitter4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>twitter4j-core</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

请注意,我们已将twitter4j-core指定为可选依赖项,因为仅当将twitter4j-spring-boot-starter添加到项目时,才应将twitter4j-core添加到项目中。

创建Twitter4jProperties来保存Twitter4J配置参数

创建Twitter4jProperties.java来保存Twitter4J OAuth配置参数。

package com.sivalabs.spring.boot.autoconfigure;

import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.NestedConfigurationProperty;

@ConfigurationProperties(prefix= Twitter4jProperties.TWITTER4J_PREFIX)
public class Twitter4jProperties {

    public static final String TWITTER4J_PREFIX = "twitter4j";

    private Boolean debug = false;

    @NestedConfigurationProperty
    private OAuth oauth = new OAuth();

    public Boolean getDebug() {
        return debug;
    }

    public void setDebug(Boolean debug) {
        this.debug = debug;
    }

    public OAuth getOauth() {
        return oauth;
    }

    public void setOauth(OAuth oauth) {
        this.oauth = oauth;
    }

    public static class OAuth {

        private String consumerKey;
        private String consumerSecret;
        private String accessToken;
        private String accessTokenSecret;

        public String getConsumerKey() {
            return consumerKey;
        }
        public void setConsumerKey(String consumerKey) {
            this.consumerKey = consumerKey;
        }
        public String getConsumerSecret() {
            return consumerSecret;
        }
        public void setConsumerSecret(String consumerSecret) {
            this.consumerSecret = consumerSecret;
        }
        public String getAccessToken() {
            return accessToken;
        }
        public void setAccessToken(String accessToken) {
            this.accessToken = accessToken;
        }
        public String getAccessTokenSecret() {
            return accessTokenSecret;
        }
        public void setAccessTokenSecret(String accessTokenSecret) {
            this.accessTokenSecret = accessTokenSecret;
        }
    }
}

使用此配置对象,我们可以在application.properties中配置twitter4j属性,如下所示:

twitter4j.debug=true
twitter4j.oauth.consumer-key=your-consumer-key-here
twitter4j.oauth.consumer-secret=your-consumer-secret-here
twitter4j.oauth.access-token=your-access-token-here
twitter4j.oauth.access-token-secret=your-access-token-secret-here

创建Twitter4jAutoConfiguration来自动配置Twitter4J

这是我们启动程序的关键部分。

Twitter4jAutoConfiguration配置类包含将根据某些条件自动配置的Bean定义。

那是什么标准?

  • 如果twitter4j.TwitterFactory .class在类路径上
  • 如果尚未明确定义TwitterFactory bean

因此, Twitter4jAutoConfiguration像这样。

package com.sivalabs.spring.boot.autoconfigure;

import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnClass;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnMissingBean;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.EnableConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

import twitter4j.Twitter;
import twitter4j.TwitterFactory;
import twitter4j.conf.ConfigurationBuilder;

@Configuration
@ConditionalOnClass({ TwitterFactory.class, Twitter.class })
@EnableConfigurationProperties(Twitter4jProperties.class)
public class Twitter4jAutoConfiguration {

    private static Log log = LogFactory.getLog(Twitter4jAutoConfiguration.class);

    @Autowired
    private Twitter4jProperties properties;

    @Bean
    @ConditionalOnMissingBean
    public TwitterFactory twitterFactory(){

        if (this.properties.getOauth().getConsumerKey() == null
            || this.properties.getOauth().getConsumerSecret() == null
            || this.properties.getOauth().getAccessToken() == null
            || this.properties.getOauth().getAccessTokenSecret() == null)
        {
            String msg = "Twitter4j properties not configured properly." + 
                         " Please check twitter4j.* properties settings in configuration file.";
            log.error(msg);
            throw new RuntimeException(msg);
        }

        ConfigurationBuilder cb = new ConfigurationBuilder();
        cb.setDebugEnabled(properties.getDebug())
          .setOAuthConsumerKey(properties.getOauth().getConsumerKey())
          .setOAuthConsumerSecret(properties.getOauth().getConsumerSecret())
          .setOAuthAccessToken(properties.getOauth().getAccessToken())
          .setOAuthAccessTokenSecret(properties.getOauth().getAccessTokenSecret());
        TwitterFactory tf = new TwitterFactory(cb.build());
        return tf;
    }

    @Bean
    @ConditionalOnMissingBean
    public Twitter twitter(TwitterFactory twitterFactory){
        return twitterFactory.getInstance();
    }

}

我们使用@ConditionalOnClass({TwitterFactory.class,Twitter.class})来指定仅当存在TwitterFactory.class,Twitter.class类时才进行此自动配置。

我们还对bean定义方法使用了@ConditionalOnMissingBean来指定仅当尚未明确定义TwitterFactory / Twitter bean时才考虑此bean定义。

还要注意,我们已经使用@EnableConfigurationProperties(Twitter4jProperties.class)进行了注释,以启用对ConfigurationProperties的支持并注入了Twitter4jProperties bean。

现在,我们需要在src / main / resources / META-INF / spring.factories文件中配置自定义Twitter4jAutoConfiguration ,如下所示:

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration =
com.sivalabs.spring.boot.autoconfigure.Twitter4jAutoConfiguration

创建twitter4j-spring-boot-starter模块

在我们的父Maven模块spring-boot-starter-twitter4j中创建一个名为twitter4j-spring-boot-starter的子模块。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
                        http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>com.sivalabs</groupId>
    <artifactId>twitter4j-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <parent>
        <groupId>com.sivalabs</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-twitter4j</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    </properties>


    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.sivalabs</groupId>
            <artifactId>twitter4j-spring-boot-autoconfigure</artifactId>
            <version>${project.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.twitter4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>twitter4j-core</artifactId>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

</project>

请注意,在这个Maven模块中,我们实际上是引入twitter4j-core依赖关系。

我们不需要在此模块中添加任何代码,但是可以选择在src / main / resources / META-INF / spring.provides文件中指定通过此启动程序提供的依赖 ,如下所示:

提供:twitter4j-core

这就是我们的入门者。

让我们使用全新的启动程序twitter4j-spring-boot-starter创建示例。

创建twitter4j-spring-boot-sample示例应用程序

让我们创建一个简单的SpringBoot应用程序,并添加我们的twitter4j-spring-boot-starter依赖项。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
                        http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>com.sivalabs</groupId>
    <artifactId>twitter4j-spring-boot-sample</artifactId>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>1.3.2.RELEASE</version>
    </parent>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

    <dependencies>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.sivalabs</groupId>
            <artifactId>twitter4j-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

创建入口点类SpringbootTwitter4jDemoApplication ,如下所示:

package com.sivalabs.demo;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringbootTwitter4jDemoApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(SpringbootTwitter4jDemoApplication.class, args);
    }
}

创建TweetService ,如下所示:

package com.sivalabs.demo;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import twitter4j.ResponseList;
import twitter4j.Status;
import twitter4j.Twitter;
import twitter4j.TwitterException;

@Service
public class TweetService {

    @Autowired
    private Twitter twitter;

    public List<String> getLatestTweets(){
        List<String> tweets = new ArrayList<>();
        try {
            ResponseList<Status> homeTimeline = twitter.getHomeTimeline();
            for (Status status : homeTimeline) {
                tweets.add(status.getText());
            }
        } catch (TwitterException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
        return tweets;
    }
}

现在创建一个测试以验证我们的Twitter4j AutoConfigutation。

在此之前,请确保已将twitter4j oauth配置参数设置为实际值。 您可以从https://apps.twitter.com/获得它们

package com.sivalabs.demo;

import java.util.List;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.SpringApplicationConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

import twitter4j.TwitterException;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringApplicationConfiguration(SpringbootTwitter4jDemoApplication.class)
public class SpringbootTwitter4jDemoApplicationTest  {


    @Autowired
    private TweetService tweetService;

    @Test
    public void testGetTweets() throws TwitterException {
        List<String> tweets = tweetService.getLatestTweets();
        for (String tweet : tweets) {
            System.err.println(tweet);
        }
    }

}

现在,您应该能够在控制台输出中看到最新的推文。

翻译自: https://www.javacodegeeks.com/2016/02/creating-custom-springboot-starter-twitter4j.html

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