apache camel_Apache Camel –从头开始开发应用程序（第2部分/第2部分）

最新推荐文章于 2023-03-21 16:46:59 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2023-03-21 16:46:59 发布

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文章标签： java spring spring boot 接口深度学习

原文链接：https://www.javacodegeeks.com/2013/11/apache-camel-developing-application-from-the-scratch-part-2-2.html

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apache camel

这是本教程的第二部分，我们将使用Apache Camel创建发票处理应用程序。如果您错过了它，一定要看一下第一部分。以前，我们已经定义了系统的功能要求，创建了网关，分离器，过滤器和基于内容的路由器组件。让我们继续创建一个转换器。

5.将发票转换为付款

现在，我们已经成功地从系统中过滤掉了“过于昂贵”的发票（它们可能需要人工检查等）。重要的是，我们现在可以收取发票并从中产生付款。首先，让我们将Payment类添加到banking包中：

package com.vrtoonjava.banking;

import com.google.common.base.Objects;

import java.math.BigDecimal;

public class Payment {

    private final String senderAccount;
    private final String receiverAccount;
    private final BigDecimal dollars;

    public Payment(String senderAccount, String receiverAccount, BigDecimal dollars) {
        this.senderAccount = senderAccount;
        this.receiverAccount = receiverAccount;
        this.dollars = dollars;
    }

    public String getSenderAccount() {
        return senderAccount;
    }

    public String getReceiverAccount() {
        return receiverAccount;
    }

    public BigDecimal getDollars() {
        return dollars;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return Objects.toStringHelper(this)
                .add("senderAccount", senderAccount)
                .add("receiverAccount", receiverAccount)
                .add("dollars", dollars)
                .toString();
    }

}

因为我们将有两种方法（从本地和国外发票）创建付款，所以我们定义一个用于创建付款的通用合同（界面）。将界面PaymentCreator放入banking包：

package com.vrtoonjava.banking;

import com.vrtoonjava.invoices.Invoice;

/**
 * Creates payment for bank from the invoice.
 * Real world implementation might do some I/O expensive stuff.
 */
public interface PaymentCreator {

    Payment createPayment(Invoice invoice) throws PaymentException;

}

从技术上讲，这是一个简单的参数化工厂。请注意，它将引发PaymentException 。稍后我们将进行异常处理，但这是简单的PaymentException的代码：

package com.vrtoonjava.banking;

public class PaymentException extends Exception {

    public PaymentException(String message) {
        super(message);
    }

}

现在，我们可以将两个实现添加到invoices包中了。首先，让我们创建LocalPaymentCreator类：

package com.vrtoonjava.invoices;

import com.vrtoonjava.banking.Payment;
import com.vrtoonjava.banking.PaymentCreator;
import com.vrtoonjava.banking.PaymentException;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class LocalPaymentCreator implements PaymentCreator {

    // hard coded account value for demo purposes
    private static final String CURRENT_LOCAL_ACC = "current-local-acc";

    @Override
    public Payment createPayment(Invoice invoice) throws PaymentException {
        if (null == invoice.getAccount()) {
            throw new PaymentException("Account can not be empty when creating local payment!");
        }

        return new Payment(CURRENT_LOCAL_ACC, invoice.getAccount(), invoice.getDollars());
    }

}

另一个创建者将是ForeignPaymentCreator ，它具有相当简单的实现：

package com.vrtoonjava.invoices;

import com.vrtoonjava.banking.Payment;
import com.vrtoonjava.banking.PaymentCreator;
import com.vrtoonjava.banking.PaymentException;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class ForeignPaymentCreator implements PaymentCreator {

    // hard coded account value for demo purposes
    private static final String CURRENT_IBAN_ACC = "current-iban-acc";

    @Override
    public Payment createPayment(Invoice invoice) throws PaymentException {
        if (null == invoice.getIban()) {
            throw new PaymentException("IBAN mustn't be null when creating foreign payment!");
        }

        return new Payment(CURRENT_IBAN_ACC, invoice.getIban(), invoice.getDollars());
    }

}

这两个创建者是简单的Spring bean，而Apache Camel提供了一种将它们连接到路由的非常好的方法。我们将在Camel的Java DSL上使用transform()方法创建两个转换器。我们将正确的转换器插入seda:foreignInvoicesChannel seda:localInvoicesChannel和seda:foreignInvoicesChannel seda:localInvoicesChannel ，并使它们将结果转发到seda:bankingChannel 。将以下代码添加到您的configure方法中：

from("seda:foreignInvoicesChannel")
        .transform().method("foreignPaymentCreator", "createPayment")
        .to("seda:bankingChannel");

from("seda:localInvoicesChannel")
        .transform().method("localPaymentCreator", "createPayment")
        .to("seda:bankingChannel");

6.将付款转至银行服务（服务激活器）

付款已经准备就绪，包含付款的消息正在seda:bankingChannel中等待。该流程的最后一步是使用Service Activator组件。它的工作方式很简单-当频道中出现新消息时，Apache Camel会调用Service Activator组件中指定的逻辑。换句话说，我们正在将外部服务连接到我们现有的消息传递基础结构。
为此，我们首先需要查看银行服务合同。因此，将BankingService接口BankingService到banking程序包中（在现实世界中，它可能驻留在某些外部模块中）：

package com.vrtoonjava.banking;

/**
 * Contract for communication with bank.
 */
public interface BankingService {

    void pay(Payment payment) throws PaymentException;

}

现在，我们将需要BankingService的实际实现。同样，实现不太可能驻留在我们的项目中（它可能是远程公开的服务），但是至少出于教程目的，让我们创建一些模拟实现。将MockBankingService类添加到banking包：

package com.vrtoonjava.banking;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.util.Random;

/**
 * Mock service that simulates some banking behavior.
 * In real world, we might use some web service or a proxy of real service.
 */
@Service
public class MockBankingService implements BankingService {

    private final Random rand = new Random();

    @Override
    public void pay(Payment payment) throws PaymentException {
        if (rand.nextDouble() > 0.9) {
            throw new PaymentException("Banking services are offline, try again later!");
        }

        System.out.println("Processing payment " + payment);
    }

}

模拟实施会在某些随机情况下（约10％）造成故障。当然，为了实现更好的解耦，我们不会直接使用它，而是将根据自定义组件在合同（接口）上创建依赖关系。让我们现在将PaymentProcessor类添加到invoices包中：

package com.vrtoonjava.invoices;

import com.vrtoonjava.banking.BankingService;
import com.vrtoonjava.banking.Payment;
import com.vrtoonjava.banking.PaymentException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**
 * Endpoint that picks Payments from the system and dispatches them to the
 * service provided by bank.
 */
@Component
public class PaymentProcessor {

    @Autowired
    BankingService bankingService;

    public void processPayment(Payment payment) throws PaymentException {
        bankingService.pay(payment);
    }

}

Apache Camel提供了一种简单的方法，当消息到达特定端点时，如何在任意bean上调用方法（ EIP将其描述为服务激活器），方法是在Camel的Java DSL上使用bean()方法：

from("seda:bankingChannel")
        .bean(PaymentProcessor.class, "processPayment");

错误处理

消息传递系统的最大挑战之一是正确识别和处理错误情况。 EAI描述了很多方法，我们将使用Camel的Dead Letter Channel EIP的实现。死信通道只是另一个通道，当此通道中出现错误消息时，我们可以采取适当的措施。在现实世界的应用程序中，我们可能会寻求一些重试逻辑或专业报告，在我们的示例教程中，我们将仅打印出错误原因。让我们修改先前定义的Service Activator并插入errorHandler()组件。当PaymentProcessor引发异常时，此errorHandler会将引起错误的原始消息转发到Dead Letter Channel：

from("seda:bankingChannel")
        .errorHandler(deadLetterChannel("log:failedPayments"))
        .bean(PaymentProcessor.class, "processPayment");

最后，这是最终的完整路线：

package com.vrtoonjava.routes;

import com.vrtoonjava.invoices.LowEnoughAmountPredicate;
import com.vrtoonjava.invoices.PaymentProcessor;
import org.apache.camel.LoggingLevel;
import org.apache.camel.builder.RouteBuilder;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class InvoicesRouteBuilder extends RouteBuilder {

    @Override
    public void configure() throws Exception {
        from("seda:newInvoicesChannel")
                .log(LoggingLevel.INFO, "Invoices processing STARTED")
                .split(body())
                .to("seda:singleInvoicesChannel");

        from("seda:singleInvoicesChannel")
                .filter(new LowEnoughAmountPredicate())
                .to("seda:filteredInvoicesChannel");

        from("seda:filteredInvoicesChannel")
                .choice()
                    .when().simple("${body.isForeign}")
                        .to("seda:foreignInvoicesChannel")
                    .otherwise()
                        .to("seda:localInvoicesChannel");

        from("seda:foreignInvoicesChannel")
                .transform().method("foreignPaymentCreator", "createPayment")
                .to("seda:bankingChannel");

        from("seda:localInvoicesChannel")
                .transform().method("localPaymentCreator", "createPayment")
                .to("seda:bankingChannel");

        from("seda:bankingChannel")
                .errorHandler(deadLetterChannel("log:failedPayments"))
                .bean(PaymentProcessor.class, "processPayment");
    }

}

运行整个事情

现在，我们将创建一个作业（它将以固定的速率）将新发票发送到系统。它只是一个利用Spring的@Scheduled注释的标准Spring bean。因此，我们向项目添加一个新类– InvoicesJob ：

package com.vrtoonjava.invoices;

import org.apache.camel.Produce;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Scheduled;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.List;

@Component
public class InvoicesJob {

    private int limit = 10; // default value, configurable

    @Autowired
    InvoiceCollectorGateway invoiceCollector;

    @Autowired
    InvoiceGenerator invoiceGenerator;

    @Scheduled(fixedRate = 4000)
    public void scheduleInvoicesHandling() {
        Collection<Invoice> invoices = generateInvoices(limit);
        System.out.println("\n===========> Sending " + invoices.size() + " invoices to the system");
        invoiceCollector.collectInvoices(invoices);
    }

    // configurable from Injector
    public void setLimit(int limit) {
        this.limit = limit;
    }

    private Collection<Invoice> generateInvoices(int limit) {
        List<Invoice> invoices = new ArrayList<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < limit; i++) {
            invoices.add(invoiceGenerator.nextInvoice());
        }

        return invoices;
    }
}

Job会（每4秒）调用InvoicesGenerator并将发票转发到Gateway（我们了解的第一个组件）。为了使其工作，我们还需要InvoicesGenerator类：

package com.vrtoonjava.invoices;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.util.Random;

/**
 * Utility class for generating invoices.
 */
@Component
public class InvoiceGenerator {

    private Random rand = new Random();

    public Invoice nextInvoice() {
        return new Invoice(rand.nextBoolean() ? iban() : null, address(), account(), dollars());
    }

    private BigDecimal dollars() {
        return new BigDecimal(1 + rand.nextInt(20_000));
    }

    private String account() {
        return "test-account " + rand.nextInt(1000) + 1000;
    }

    private String address() {
        return "Test Street " + rand.nextInt(100) + 1;
    }

    private String iban() {
        return "test-iban-" + rand.nextInt(1000) + 1000;
    }

}

这只是一个简单的模拟功能，可让我们看到系统的运行情况。在现实世界中，我们不会使用任何生成器，而可能会使用某些公开的服务。

现在，在resources文件夹下创建一个新的spring配置文件– invoices-context.xml并声明组件扫描和任务计划支持：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:task = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/task"
       xmlns:context = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation = "http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/task http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <import resource = "camel-config.xml" />

    <context:component-scan base-package = "com.vrtoonjava" />

    <task:executor id = "executor" pool-size="10" />
    <task:scheduler id = "scheduler" pool-size="10" />
    <task:annotation-driven executor="executor" scheduler="scheduler" />

</beans>

要查看整个运行过程，我们还需要最后一块-标准Java主应用程序，我们将在其中创建Spring的ApplicationContext。

package com.vrtoonjava.invoices;

import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

/**
 * Entry point of the application.
 * Creates Spring context, lets Spring to schedule job and use schema.
 */
public class InvoicesApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("/invoices-context.xml");
    }

}

只需从命令行运行mvn clean install并在InvoicesApplication类中启动main方法。您应该能够看到类似的输出：

===========> Sending 10 invoices to the system
13:48:54.347 INFO  [Camel (camel-1) thread #0 - seda://newInvoicesChannel][route1] Invoices processing STARTED
Amount of $4201 can be automatically processed by system
Amount of $15110 can not be automatically processed by system
Amount of $17165 can not be automatically processed by system
Amount of $1193 can be automatically processed by system
Amount of $6077 can be automatically processed by system
Amount of $17164 can not be automatically processed by system
Amount of $11272 can not be automatically processed by system
Processing payment Payment{senderAccount=current-local-acc, receiverAccount=test-account 1901000, dollars=4201}
Amount of $3598 can be automatically processed by system
Amount of $14449 can not be automatically processed by system
Processing payment Payment{senderAccount=current-local-acc, receiverAccount=test-account 8911000, dollars=1193}
Amount of $12486 can not be automatically processed by system
13:48:54.365 INFO  [Camel (camel-1) thread #5 - seda://bankingChannel][failedPayments] Exchange[ExchangePattern: InOnly, BodyType: com.vrtoonjava.banking.Payment, Body: Payment{senderAccount=current-iban-acc, receiverAccount=test-iban-7451000, dollars=6077}]
Processing payment Payment{senderAccount=current-iban-acc, receiverAccount=test-iban-6201000, dollars=3598}

参考： Apache Camel –在vrtoonjava博客上从JCG合作伙伴 Michal Vrtiak 从头开始开发应用程序（第2部分/第2部分）。