使用ffmpeg实现转码样例(代码实现)
使用ffmpeg转码主要工作如下:
Demux -> Decoding -> Encoding -> Muxing
其中接口调用如下:
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- av_register_all();
- avformat_open_input
- avformat_find_stream_info
- open_codec_context
- av_image_alloc
- avcodec_alloc_frame
- avformat_alloc_output_context2
- avcodec_open2
- avcodec_alloc_frame
- avpicture_alloc
- avpicture_alloc
- avformat_write_header
- av_init_packet
- av_read_frame
- avcodec_decode_video2
- av_image_copy
- avcodec_encode_video2
- av_interleaved_write_frame
- av_write_trailer
下面的代码为主要将视频转码,封装为h264编码格式的mp4文件,音频为mp3,但是主要操作并不处理音频文件。代码如下
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- #include <stdlib.h>
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <string.h>
- #include <math.h>
-
- #include <libavutil/opt.h>
- #include <libavutil/mathematics.h>
- #include <libavformat/avformat.h>
- #include <libswscale/swscale.h>
- #include <libswresample/swresample.h>
-
- /* 5 seconds stream duration */
- #define STREAM_DURATION 200.0
- #define STREAM_FRAME_RATE 25 /* 25 images/s */
- #define STREAM_NB_FRAMES ((int)(STREAM_DURATION * STREAM_FRAME_RATE))
- #define STREAM_PIX_FMT AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P /* default pix_fmt */
-
- static AVFormatContext *input_fmt_ctx = NULL;
- static int sws_flags = SWS_BICUBIC;
- static AVPacket input_pkt;
- static int video_stream_idx = -1;
- static uint8_t *video_dst_data[4] = {NULL};
- static int video_dst_linesize[4];
- static AVStream *input_video_stream;
- static AVFrame *input_frame;
- static AVCodecContext *video_dec_ctx = NULL;
- static int video_dst_bufsize;
-
-
- static int open_codec_context(int *stream_idx,
- AVFormatContext *fmt_ctx, enum AVMediaType type)
- {
- int ret;
- AVStream *st;
- AVCodecContext *dec_ctx = NULL;
- AVCodec *dec = NULL;
-
- ret = av_find_best_stream(fmt_ctx, type, -1, -1, NULL, 0);
- if (ret < 0) {
- return ret;
- } else {
- *stream_idx = ret;
- st = fmt_ctx->streams[*stream_idx];
-
- /* find decoder for the stream */
- dec_ctx = st->codec;
- dec = avcodec_find_decoder(dec_ctx->codec_id);
- if (!dec) {
- fprintf(stderr, "Failed to find %s codec\n",
- av_get_media_type_string(type));
- return ret;
- }
-
- if ((ret = avcodec_open2(dec_ctx, dec, NULL)) < 0) {
- fprintf(stderr, "Failed to open %s codec\n",
- av_get_media_type_string(type));
- return ret;
- }
- }
-
- return 0;
- }
-
- /* Add an output stream. */
- static AVStream *add_stream(AVFormatContext *oc, AVCodec **codec,
- enum AVCodecID codec_id)
- {
- AVCodecContext *c;
- AVStream *st;
-
- /* find the encoder */
- *codec = avcodec_find_encoder(codec_id);
- if (!(*codec)) {
- fprintf(stderr, "Could not find encoder for '%s'\n",
- avcodec_get_name(codec_id));
- exit(1);
- }
-
- st = avformat_new_stream(oc, *codec);
- if (!st) {
- fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate stream\n");
- exit(1);
- }
- st->id = oc->nb_streams-1;
- c = st->codec;
-
- switch ((*codec)->type) {
- case AVMEDIA_TYPE_AUDIO:
- c->sample_fmt = AV_SAMPLE_FMT_FLTP;
- c->bit_rate = 64000;
- c->sample_rate = 44100;
- c->channels = 2;
- break;
-
- case AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO:
- c->codec_id = codec_id;
-
- c->bit_rate = 400000;
- c->time_base.den = STREAM_FRAME_RATE;
- c->time_base.num = 1;
- c->gop_size = 12;
- c->pix_fmt = STREAM_PIX_FMT;
- break;
-
- default:
- break;
- }
-
- /* Some formats want stream headers to be separate. */
- if (oc->oformat->flags & AVFMT_GLOBALHEADER)
- c->flags |= CODEC_FLAG_GLOBAL_HEADER;
-
- return st;
- }
-
- /**************************************************************/
- /* audio output */
-
- static float t, tincr, tincr2;
-
- static uint8_t **src_samples_data;
- static int src_samples_linesize;
- static int src_nb_samples;
-
- static int max_dst_nb_samples;
- uint8_t **dst_samples_data;
- int dst_samples_linesize;
- int dst_samples_size;
-
- struct SwrContext *swr_ctx = NULL;
-
- static void open_audio(AVFormatContext *oc, AVCodec *codec, AVStream *st)
- {
- AVCodecContext *c;
- int ret;
-
- c = st->codec;
-
- /* open it */
- ret = avcodec_open2(c, codec, NULL);
- if (ret < 0) {
- fprintf(stderr, "Could not open audio codec: %s\n", av_err2str(ret));
- exit(1);
- }
-
- /* init signal generator */
- t = 0;
- tincr = 2 * M_PI * 110.0 / c->sample_rate;
- /* increment frequency by 110 Hz per second */
- tincr2 = 2 * M_PI * 110.0 / c->sample_rate / c->sample_rate;
-
- src_nb_samples = c->codec->capabilities & CODEC_CAP_VARIABLE_FRAME_SIZE ?
- 10000 : c->frame_size;
-
- ret = av_samples_alloc_array_and_samples(&src_samples_data, &src_samples_linesize, c->channels,
- src_nb_samples, c->sample_fmt, 0);
- if (ret < 0) {
- fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate source samples\n");
- exit(1);
- }
-
- /* create resampler context */
- if (c->sample_fmt != AV_SAMPLE_FMT_S16) {
- swr_ctx = swr_alloc();
- if (!swr_ctx) {
- fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate resampler context\n");
- exit(1);
- }
-
- /* set options */
- av_opt_set_int (swr_ctx, "in_channel_count", c->channels, 0);
- av_opt_set_int (swr_ctx, "in_sample_rate", c->sample_rate, 0);
- av_opt_set_sample_fmt(swr_ctx, "in_sample_fmt", AV_SAMPLE_FMT_S16, 0);
- av_opt_set_int (swr_ctx, "out_channel_count", c->channels, 0);
- av_opt_set_int (swr_ctx, "out_sample_rate", c->sample_rate, 0);
- av_opt_set_sample_fmt(swr_ctx, "out_sample_fmt", c->sample_fmt, 0);
-
- /* initialize the resampling context */
- if ((ret = swr_init(swr_ctx)) < 0) {
- fprintf(stderr, "Failed to initialize the resampling context\n");
- exit(1);
- }
- }
-
- /* compute the number of converted samples: buffering is avoided
- * ensuring that the output buffer will contain at least all the
- * converted input samples */
- max_dst_nb_samples = src_nb_samples;
- ret = av_samples_alloc_array_and_samples(&dst_samples_data, &dst_samples_linesize, c->channels,
- max_dst_nb_samples, c->sample_fmt, 0);
- if (ret < 0) {
- fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate destination samples\n");
- exit(1);
- }
- dst_samples_size = av_samples_get_buffer_size(NULL, c->channels, max_dst_nb_samples,
- c->sample_fmt, 0);
- }
-
- /* Prepare a 16 bit dummy audio frame of 'frame_size' samples and
- * 'nb_channels' channels. */
- static void get_audio_frame(int16_t *samples, int frame_size, int nb_channels)
- {
- int j, i, v;
- int16_t *q;
-
- q = samples;
- for (j = 0; j < frame_size; j++) {
- v = (int)(sin(t) * 10000);
- for (i = 0; i < nb_channels; i++)
- *q++ = v;
- t += tincr;
- tincr += tincr2;
- }
- }
-
- static void write_audio_frame(AVFormatContext *oc, AVStream *st)
- {
- AVCodecContext *c;
- AVPacket pkt = { 0 }; // data and size must be 0;
- AVFrame *frame = avcodec_alloc_frame();
- int got_packet, ret, dst_nb_samples;
-
- av_init_packet(&pkt);
- c = st->codec;
-
- get_audio_frame((int16_t *)src_samples_data[0], src_nb_samples, c->channels);
-
- /* convert samples from native format to destination codec format, using the resampler */
- if (swr_ctx) {
- /* compute destination number of samples */
- dst_nb_samples = av_rescale_rnd(swr_get_delay(swr_ctx, c->sample_rate) + src_nb_samples,
- c->sample_rate, c->sample_rate, AV_ROUND_UP);
- if (dst_nb_samples > max_dst_nb_samples) {
- av_free(dst_samples_data[0]);
- ret = av_samples_alloc(dst_samples_data, &dst_samples_linesize, c->channels,
- dst_nb_samples, c->sample_fmt, 0);
- if (ret < 0)
- exit(1);
- max_dst_nb_samples = dst_nb_samples;
- dst_samples_size = av_samples_get_buffer_size(NULL, c->channels, dst_nb_samples,
- c->sample_fmt, 0);
- }
-
- /* convert to destination format */
- ret = swr_convert(swr_ctx,
- dst_samples_data, dst_nb_samples,
- (const uint8_t **)src_samples_data, src_nb_samples);
- if (ret < 0) {
- fprintf(stderr, "Error while converting\n");
- exit(1);
- }
- } else {
- dst_samples_data[0] = src_samples_data[0];
- dst_nb_samples = src_nb_samples;
- }
-
- frame->nb_samples = dst_nb_samples;
- avcodec_fill_audio_frame(frame, c->channels, c->sample_fmt,
- dst_samples_data[0], dst_samples_size, 0);
-
- ret = avcodec_encode_audio2(c, &pkt, frame, &got_packet);
- if (ret < 0) {
- fprintf(stderr, "Error encoding audio frame: %s\n", av_err2str(ret));
- exit(1);
- }
-
- if (!got_packet)
- return;
-
- pkt.stream_index = st->index;
-
- /* Write the compressed frame to the media file. */
- ret = av_interleaved_write_frame(oc, &pkt);
- if (ret != 0) {
- fprintf(stderr, "Error while writing audio frame: %s\n",
- av_err2str(ret));
- exit(1);
- }
- avcodec_free_frame(&frame);
- }
-
- static void close_audio(AVFormatContext *oc, AVStream *st)
- {
- avcodec_close(st->codec);
- av_free(src_samples_data[0]);
- av_free(dst_samples_data[0]);
- }
-
- /***********************bbs.ChinaFFmpeg.com****孙悟空***********************/
- /* video output */
-
- static AVFrame *frame;
- static AVPicture src_picture, dst_picture;
- static int frame_count;
-
- static void open_video(AVFormatContext *oc, AVCodec *codec, AVStream *st)
- {
- int ret;
- AVCodecContext *c = st->codec;
-
- /* open the codec */
- ret = avcodec_open2(c, codec, NULL);
- if (ret < 0) {
- fprintf(stderr, "Could not open video codec: %s\n", av_err2str(ret));
- exit(1);
- }
-
- /* allocate and init a re-usable frame */
- frame = avcodec_alloc_frame();
- if (!frame) {
- fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate video frame\n");
- exit(1);
- }
-
- /* Allocate the encoded raw picture. */
- ret = avpicture_alloc(&dst_picture, c->pix_fmt, c->width, c->height);
- if (ret < 0) {
- fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate picture: %s\n", av_err2str(ret));
- exit(1);
- }
-
- /* If the output format is not YUV420P, then a temporary YUV420P
- * picture is needed too. It is then converted to the required
- * output format. */
- if (c->pix_fmt != AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P) {
- ret = avpicture_alloc(&src_picture, AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P, c->width, c->height);
- if (ret < 0) {
- fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate temporary picture: %s\n",
- av_err2str(ret));
- exit(1);
- }
- }
-
- /* copy data and linesize picture pointers to frame */
- *((AVPicture *)frame) = dst_picture;
- }
-
- static void write_video_frame(AVFormatContext *oc, AVStream *st)
- {
- int ret;
- static struct SwsContext *sws_ctx;
- AVCodecContext *c = st->codec;
-
- // fill_yuv_image(&dst_picture, frame_count, c->width, c->height);
-
-
- if (oc->oformat->flags & AVFMT_RAWPICTURE) {
- /* Raw video case - directly store the picture in the packet */
- AVPacket pkt;
- av_init_packet(&pkt);
-
- pkt.flags |= AV_PKT_FLAG_KEY;
- pkt.stream_index = st->index;
- pkt.data = dst_picture.data[0];
- pkt.size = sizeof(AVPicture);
-
- ret = av_interleaved_write_frame(oc, &pkt);
- } else {
- AVPacket pkt = { 0 };
- int got_packet;
- av_init_packet(&pkt);
-
- /* encode the image */
- ret = avcodec_encode_video2(c, &pkt, frame, &got_packet);
- if (ret < 0) {
- fprintf(stderr, "Error encoding video frame: %s\n", av_err2str(ret));
- exit(1);
- }
- /* If size is zero, it means the image was buffered. */
-
- if (!ret && got_packet && pkt.size) {
- pkt.stream_index = st->index;
-
- /* Write the compressed frame to the media file. */
- ret = av_interleaved_write_frame(oc, &pkt);
- } else {
- ret = 0;
- }
- }
- if (ret != 0) {
- fprintf(stderr, "Error while writing video frame: %s\n", av_err2str(ret));
- exit(1);
- }
- frame_count++;
- }
-
- static void close_video(AVFormatContext *oc, AVStream *st)
- {
- avcodec_close(st->codec);
- av_free(src_picture.data[0]);
- av_free(dst_picture.data[0]);
- av_free(frame);
- }
-
- /**************************************************************/
- /* media file output */
-
- int main(int argc, char **argv)
- {
- const char *filename;
- const char *input_file;
- AVOutputFormat *fmt;
- AVFormatContext *oc;
- AVStream *audio_st, *video_st;
- AVCodec *audio_codec, *video_codec;
- double audio_time, video_time;
- int ret;
- int decoded;
- int got_frame;
-
- /* Initialize libavcodec, and register all codecs and formats. */
- av_register_all();
-
- if (argc != 3) {
- printf("usage: %s output_file inputfile\n"
- "API example program to output a media file with libavformat.\n"
- "This program generates a synthetic audio and video stream, encodes and\n"
- "muxes them into a file named output_file.\n"
- "The output format is automatically guessed according to the file extension.\n"
- "Raw images can also be output by using '%%d' in the filename.\n"
- "\n", argv[0]);
- return 1;
- }
-
- input_file = argv[2];
- filename = argv[1];
-
- if (avformat_open_input( &input_fmt_ctx, input_file, NULL, NULL) < 0) {
- fprintf(stderr, "Could not open source file %s\n", input_file);
- exit(-1);
- }
-
- /* retrieve stream information */
- if (avformat_find_stream_info(input_fmt_ctx, NULL) < 0) {
- fprintf(stderr, "Could not find stream information\n");
- exit(1);
- }
-
- if (open_codec_context(&video_stream_idx, input_fmt_ctx, AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO) >= 0) {
- input_video_stream = input_fmt_ctx->streams[video_stream_idx];
- video_dec_ctx = input_video_stream->codec;
- ret = av_image_alloc(video_dst_data, video_dst_linesize,
- video_dec_ctx->width, video_dec_ctx->height,
- video_dec_ctx->pix_fmt, 1);
- if (ret < 0) {
- fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate raw video buffer\n");
- }
- video_dst_bufsize = ret;
- }
-
-
- input_frame = avcodec_alloc_frame();
- if (!input_frame) {
- fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate frame\n");
- ret = AVERROR(ENOMEM);
- exit(-1);
- }
-
- /* allocate the output media context */
- avformat_alloc_output_context2(&oc, NULL, NULL, filename);
- if (!oc) {
- printf("Could not deduce output format from file extension: using MPEG.\n");
- avformat_alloc_output_context2(&oc, NULL, "mpeg", filename);
- }
- if (!oc) {
- return 1;
- }
- fmt = oc->oformat;
-
- video_st = NULL;
- audio_st = NULL;
-
- fmt->video_codec = AV_CODEC_ID_H264;
- if (fmt->video_codec != AV_CODEC_ID_NONE) {
- video_st = add_stream(oc, &video_codec, AV_CODEC_ID_H264);
- }
- if (video_st->codec) {
- video_st->codec->width = video_dec_ctx->width;
- video_st->codec->height = video_dec_ctx->height;
- }
- fmt->audio_codec = AV_CODEC_ID_MP3;
- if (fmt->audio_codec != AV_CODEC_ID_NONE) {
- audio_st = add_stream(oc, &audio_codec, AV_CODEC_ID_MP3);
- }
-
- /* Now that all the parameters are set, we can open the audio and
- * video codecs and allocate the necessary encode buffers. */
- if (video_st)
- open_video(oc, video_codec, video_st);
- if (audio_st)
- open_audio(oc, audio_codec, audio_st);
-
- av_dump_format(oc, 0, filename, 1);
-
-
- /* open the output file, if needed */
- if (!(fmt->flags & AVFMT_NOFILE)) {
- ret = avio_open(&oc->pb, filename, AVIO_FLAG_WRITE);
- if (ret < 0) {
- fprintf(stderr, "Could not open '%s': %s\n", filename,
- av_err2str(ret));
- return 1;
- }
- }
-
- /* Write the stream header, if any. */
- ret = avformat_write_header(oc, NULL);
- if (ret < 0) {
- fprintf(stderr, "Error occurred when opening output file: %s\n",
- av_err2str(ret));
- return 1;
- }
-
- av_init_packet(&input_pkt);
- input_pkt.data = NULL;
- input_pkt.size = 0;
-
-
- if (frame)
- frame->pts = 0;
- for (;;) {
- /* Compute current audio and video time. */
- audio_time = audio_st ? audio_st->pts.val * av_q2d(audio_st->time_base) : 0.0;
- video_time = video_st ? video_st->pts.val * av_q2d(video_st->time_base) : 0.0;
-
- if ((!audio_st || audio_time >= STREAM_DURATION) &&
- (!video_st || video_time >= STREAM_DURATION))
- break;
-
- /* write interleaved audio and video frames */
- if (!video_st || (video_st && audio_st && audio_time < video_time)) {
- write_audio_frame(oc, audio_st);
- } else {
- av_read_frame(input_fmt_ctx, &input_pkt);
-
- decoded = input_pkt.size;
- if (input_pkt.stream_index == video_stream_idx) {
- /* decode video frame */
- ret = avcodec_decode_video2(video_dec_ctx, input_frame, &got_frame, &input_pkt);
- if (ret < 0) {
- fprintf(stderr, "Error decoding video frame\n");
- return ret;
- }
-
- if (got_frame) {
- av_image_copy(&dst_picture, video_dst_linesize,
- (const uint8_t **)(input_frame->data), input_frame->linesize,
- video_dec_ctx->pix_fmt, video_dec_ctx->width, video_dec_ctx->height);
- }
- }
-
- write_video_frame(oc, video_st);
- frame->pts += av_rescale_q(1, video_st->codec->time_base, video_st->time_base);
- }
- }
-
- av_write_trailer(oc);
-
- /* Close each codec. */
- if (video_st)
- close_video(oc, video_st);
- if (audio_st)
- close_audio(oc, audio_st);
-
- if (!(fmt->flags & AVFMT_NOFILE))
- avio_close(oc->pb);
-
- avformat_free_context(oc);
- av_free(input_frame);
- av_free(video_dst_data[0]);
- avcodec_close(video_dec_ctx);
- return 0;
- }
以上代码为从dox/example/muxing.c中修改得到
编译命令如下:
点击(此处)折叠或打开
- gcc -g doc/examples/muxing.c -o muxing -lavcodec -lavdevice -lavfilter -lavformat -lavutil -lswscale -lswresample -lpostproc -lx264 -lmp3lame -lz -liconv -lbz2
点击(此处)折叠或打开
- ./muxing output.mp4 ~/Movies/input.avi
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/95feaa4b2a0160f06e037e579263d5ce.png)
查看转码完成后的多媒体文件的信息:
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/5ccf774bf34805f6e5bef0606c77ab77.png)
查看转码后的文件的视频:
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/b245f7a0553678eb5b6e5f757a92093e.png)