最近需要使用springMVC 使用 spring data jpa作为dao层。 以前没有接触过。赶紧学学。记录一下。
spring data 帮我们封装了很多dao层实现。 让我们只需要定义接口就可以直接使用很多基本的查询。
自己从0开始建项目 熟悉一下框架的搭建。 使用的 eclipse for javaee 。使用 maven管理。
首先 建立一个maven项目。
添加 web.xml 作为 web应用的 核心配置。这个可不能少。
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" version="3.0">
- <display-name>test2</display-name>
- <!-- 编码过滤。 使用 utf-8编码 -->
- <filter>
- <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
- <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
- <init-param>
- <param-name>encoding</param-name>
- <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
- </init-param>
- <init-param>
- <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
- <param-value>true</param-value>
- </init-param>
- </filter>
- <filter-mapping>
- <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
- <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
- </filter-mapping>
- <!-- spring的核心控制器配置。 -->
- <servlet>
- <servlet-name>spring-servlet</servlet-name>
- <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
- <!-- 配置文件的位置。默认 好像是 ApplicationContext.xml? 不太确定 太久不用默认的了 反正我都是自己配置一个新的 -->
- <init-param>
- <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
- <param-value>classpath:spring-servlet-config.xml</param-value>
- </init-param>
- <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
- </servlet>
- <servlet-mapping>
- <servlet-name>spring-servlet</servlet-name>
- <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
- </servlet-mapping>
- </web-app>
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
- xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
- xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
- xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.1.xsd">
- <!--配置文件 -->
- <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:config.properties"/>
- <context:annotation-config />
- <mvc:annotation-driven />
- <!-- 扫描这个包下面的注解,自动注入bean -->
- <context:component-scan base-package="com.aurora.test2" />
- <!-- 将配置文件分开 便于管理 -->
- <import resource="spring-mvc.xml"/>
- <span style="white-space:pre"> </span><import resource="spring-orm.xml"/>
- </beans>
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
- xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
- xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.1.xsd
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
- <bean id="viewResolver"
- class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.freemarker.FreeMarkerViewResolver">
- <property name="cache" value="true" />
- <property name="prefix" value="" />
- <property name="suffix" value=".ftl" />
- <property name="contentType" value="text/html;charset=UTF-8"></property>
- <property name="requestContextAttribute" value="request" />
- <property name="exposeSpringMacroHelpers" value="true" />
- <property name="exposeRequestAttributes" value="true" />
- <property name="exposeSessionAttributes" value="true" />
- </bean>
- <bean id="multipartResolver"
- class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
- <property name="maxUploadSize" value="1000000"/>
- </bean>
- <bean id="freemarkerConfiguration" class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertiesFactoryBean">
- <property name="location" value="classpath:freemarker.properties"/>
- </bean>
- <bean id="freemarkerConfig"
- class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.freemarker.FreeMarkerConfigurer">
- <property name="templateLoaderPath" value="/WEB-INF/view/" />
- <property name="freemarkerSettings" ref="freemarkerConfiguration"/>
- </bean>
- <mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
- <mvc:resources location="/images/**" mapping="/images/"/>
- <mvc:resources location="/uploads/**" mapping="/uploads/"/>
- </beans>
spring-orm.xml
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa"
- xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
- xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
- xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
- xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa-1.2.xsd
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.2.xsd" >
- <bean
- id="dataSource"
- class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource"
- destroy-method="close"
- init-method="init" >
- <property
- name="url"
- value="${jdbc.url}" />
- <property
- name="username"
- value="${jdbc.user}" />
- <property
- name="password"
- value="${jdbc.password}" />
- <property
- name="filters"
- value="stat" />
- <property
- name="maxActive"
- value="20" />
- <property
- name="initialSize"
- value="1" />
- <property
- name="maxWait"
- value="60000" />
- <property
- name="minIdle"
- value="1" />
- <property
- name="timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis"
- value="3000" />
- <property
- name="minEvictableIdleTimeMillis"
- value="300000" />
- <property
- name="validationQuery"
- value="SELECT 'x'" />
- <property
- name="testWhileIdle"
- value="true" />
- <property
- name="testOnBorrow"
- value="false" />
- <property
- name="testOnReturn"
- value="false" />
- <property
- name="poolPreparedStatements"
- value="true" />
- <property
- name="maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize"
- value="20" />
- </bean>
- <!-- entity manager config -->
- <bean
- id="emf"
- class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean"
- p:dataSource-ref="dataSource" />
- <!-- transaction manager config -->
- <bean
- id="txManager"
- class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager"
- p:entityManagerFactory-ref="emf" />
- <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="txManager" />
- <jpa:repositories
- base-package="com.aurora.test2.dao"
- entity-manager-factory-ref="emf"
- transaction-manager-ref="txManager" />
- </beans>
- #jdbc
- jdbc.url=jdbc:oracle:thin:@xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:1521:xxxx
- jdbc.user=xxx
- jdbc.password=xxx
freemarker.properties
- tag_syntax=auto_detect
- template_update_delay=2
- default_encoding=UTF-8
- output_encoding=UTF-8
- locale=zh_CN
- date_format=yyyy-MM-dd
- time_format=HH:mm:ss
- datetime_format=yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss
hibernate.properties
- hibernate.show_sql=true
- hibernate.format_sql=true
还需要在 resources/META-INF/ 下面 配置 persistence.xml
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <persistence version="2.0"
- xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xsi:schemaLocation="
- http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence
- http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_2_0.xsd">
- <persistence-unit name="xiaoyu" transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL">
- <provider>org.hibernate.ejb.HibernatePersistence</provider>
- </persistence-unit>
- </persistence>
需要在 pom.xml 里面 添加依赖包
- <dependencies>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
- <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
- <version>1.0.9</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
- <version>3.2.1.RELEASE</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
- <version>3.2.1.RELEASE</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
- <version>3.2.1.RELEASE</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
- <version>3.2.1.RELEASE</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-jms</artifactId>
- <version>3.2.1.RELEASE</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
- <version>3.2.1.RELEASE</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
- <version>3.2.1.RELEASE</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-data-jpa</artifactId>
- <version>1.3.0.RELEASE</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
- <artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>
- <version>4.1.9.Final</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.freemarker</groupId>
- <artifactId>freemarker</artifactId>
- <version>2.3.19</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>javax.inject</groupId>
- <artifactId>javax.inject</artifactId>
- <version>1</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
- <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
- <version>0.2.11</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
- <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
- <version>1.2.2</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>mysql</groupId>
- <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
- <version>5.1.23</version>
- </dependency>
- </dependencies>
还需要注意一点 之前 我们配置freemarker的根目录
- <bean id="freemarkerConfig"
- class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.freemarker.FreeMarkerConfigurer">
- <property name="templateLoaderPath" value="/WEB-INF/view/" />
- <property name="freemarkerSettings" ref="freemarkerConfiguration"/>
- </bean>
ok 运行一下 项目启动了。 环境就搭好了。
下面开始添加java代码 注意 刚刚配置了 注解注入的 包路径是
- <context:component-scan base-package="com.aurora.test2" />
所以 我们的java代码的包路径必须是这个。
在该包下 建立 mvc看框架. controller 包. dao包 entity 包 service包
controller
- package com.aurora.test.controller;
- import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
- import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
- import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
- import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
- @Controller
- @RequestMapping(value="/test") //控制器map
- public class TestController {
- //@Autowired
- //private FeedbackService feedbackService; //注入 服务
- @RequestMapping(value="/list") //请求map
- public ModelAndView list() {
- ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
- mv.setViewName("test_list");
- //mv.addObject("count", feedbackService.count());
- //mv.addObject("system",feedbackService.systemFeedback());
- //mv.addObject("named",feedbackService.testNamed());
- return mv;
- }
- @RequestMapping(value="/list/{id}")
- public ModelAndView userList(@PathVariable Long id) {
- ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
- mv.setViewName("user_list");
- //mv.addObject("feedbacks", feedbackService.userFeedbacks(id));
- return mv;
- }
- }
FeedbackService.java
- package com.aurora.test.service;
- import java.util.List;
- import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
- import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
- import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
- import com.aurora.test.dao.FeedbackRepository;
- import com.aurora.test.dao.UserRepository;
- import com.aurora.test.entity.Feedback;
- import com.aurora.test.entity.User;
- @Service
- @Transactional
- public class FeedbackService {
- @Autowired
- private FeedbackRepository feedbackRepository;
- @Autowired
- private UserRepository userRepository;
- public long count() {
- return feedbackRepository.count();
- }
- public Feedback systemFeedback() {
- return feedbackRepository.systemFeedback();
- }
- public List<Feedback> userFeedbacks(Long userId) {
- User user = userRepository.findOne(userId);
- return feedbackRepository.findByUser(user);
- }
- public Feedback testNamed() {
- return feedbackRepository.testNamed();
- }
- }
entity 建立了2个 简单的 单表映射 就不写了。
主要是dao层。 spring data 是只需要写接口就可以了。
一个简单的例子
- package com.aurora.test2.dao;
- import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
- import com.aurora.test2.entity.User;
- public interface UserRepository extends JpaRepository<User, Long> {
- }
- @Query("from Feedback f where f.user.id=?1")
- public List<Feedback> listCunstom(Long userId);
一些参数可以这样
- public interface UserRepository extends JpaRepository<User, Long> {
- @Query("select u from User u where u.firstname = :firstname or u.lastname = :lastname")
- User findByLastnameOrFirstname(@Param("lastname") String lastname,
- @Param("firstname") String firstname);
- }
通过注解的 query 来写 hql语句 就可以了。
还可以通过查询的方法名来实现一些查询。比如
findByUser(User user)
定义这个方法 就可以了 不用实现。spring data会自动帮你实现。 只要你满足特定的格式。 下面是 一些关键字
Keyword | Sample | JPQL snippet |
---|---|---|
And | findByLastnameAndFirstname | … where x.lastname = ?1 and x.firstname = ?2 |
Or | findByLastnameOrFirstname | … where x.lastname = ?1 or x.firstname = ?2 |
Between | findByStartDateBetween | … where x.startDate between 1? and ?2 |
LessThan | findByAgeLessThan | … where x.age < ?1 |
GreaterThan | findByAgeGreaterThan | … where x.age > ?1 |
After | findByStartDateAfter | … where x.startDate > ?1 |
Before | findByStartDateBefore | … where x.startDate < ?1 |
IsNull | findByAgeIsNull | … where x.age is null |
IsNotNull,NotNull | findByAge(Is)NotNull | … where x.age not null |
Like | findByFirstnameLike | … where x.firstname like ?1 |
NotLike | findByFirstnameNotLike | … where x.firstname not like ?1 |
StartingWith | findByFirstnameStartingWith | … where x.firstname like ?1 (parameter bound with appended % ) |
EndingWith | findByFirstnameEndingWith | … where x.firstname like ?1 (parameter bound with prepended % ) |
Containing | findByFirstnameContaining | … where x.firstname like ?1 (parameter bound wrapped in % ) |
OrderBy | findByAgeOrderByLastnameDesc | … where x.age = ?1 order by x.lastname desc |
Not | findByLastnameNot | … where x.lastname <> ?1 |
In | findByAgeIn(Collection<Age> ages) | … where x.age in ?1 |
NotIn | findByAgeNotIn(Collection<Age> age) | … where x.age not in ?1 |
True | findByActiveTrue() | … where x.active = true |
False | findByActiveFalse() | … where x.active = false |
还有另外一种 我不是很喜欢用 通过
@NamedQuery 来这个 跟以前的一样。就是在entity上面使用 @NamedQuery 定义语句。 然后 在借口里面也定义这个方法就可以了。
官方例子
- @Entity
- @NamedQuery(name = "User.findByEmailAddress",
- query = "select u from User u where u.emailAddress = ?1")
- public class User {
- }
- public interface UserRepository extends JpaRepository<User, Long> {
- List<User> findByLastname(String lastname);
- User findByEmailAddress(String emailAddress);
- }
如果这些都不能满足你的需求(一般情况 肯定够用了)
想要不适用 springdata 的 就用原来的 jpa 就需要这样了。
像普通的 dao 层一样 定义一个 接口 FeedbackDao.java 实现类 FeedbackRepositoryImpl.java
然后在定义一个 接口 UserRepository.java extends JpaRepository<Feedback, Long>,FeedbackDao
我们使用 UserRepository接口 就可以使用自定义的方法 和 自动实现的方法。很方便。