一、行转列
1.1、初始测试数据
表结构:TEST_TB_GRADE,初始数据如下图:
1.2、 如果需要实现如下的查询效果图:
这就是最常见的行转列,主要原理是利用decode函数、聚集函数(sum),结合group by分组实现的,具体的sql如下:
Sql代码:
select t.user_name,
sum(decode(t.course, '语文', score,null)) as CHINESE,
sum(decode(t.course, '数学', score,null)) as MATH,
sum(decode(t.course, '英语', score,null)) as ENGLISH
from test_tb_grade t
group by t.user_name
order by t.user_name
case..when
select t.user_name,
sum(case when subject='语文' then score
else 0 end) as CHINESE,
sum(case when subject='数学' then score
else 0 end) as MATH,
sum(case when subject='英语' then score
else 0 end) as ENGLISH
from student_score
group by t.user_name
order by t.user_name;
1.3、延伸
如果要实现对各门功课的不同分数段进行统计,效果图如下:
具体的实现sql如下:
Sql代码:
select t2.SCORE_GP,
sum(decode(t2.course, '语文', COUNTNUM,null)) as CHINESE,
sum(decode(t2.course, '数学', COUNTNUM,null)) as MATH,
sum(decode(t2.course, '英语', COUNTNUM,null)) as ENGLISH
from (
select t.course,
case when t.score <60 then '00-60'
when t.score >=60 and t.score <80 then '60-80'
when t.score >=80 then '80-100' end as SCORE_GP,
count(t.score) as COUNTNUM
FROM test_tb_grade t
group by t.course,
case when t.score <60 then '00-60'
when t.score >=60 and t.score <80 then '60-80'
when t.score >=80 then '80-100' end
order by t.course ) t2
group by t2.SCORE_GP
order by t2.SCORE_GP
二、列转行
1.1、初始测试数据
表结构: TEST_TB_GRADE2 ,初始数据如下图 :
1.2、 如果需要实现如下的查询效果图:
这就是最常见的列转行,主要原理是利用SQL里面的union,具体的sql语句如下:
Sql代码:
select user_name, 'CN_SCORE' COURSE , CN_SCORE as SCORE from test_tb_grade2
union
select user_name, 'MATH_SCORE' COURSE, MATH_SCORE as SCORE from test_tb_grade2
union
select user_name, 'EN_SCORE' COURSE, EN_SCORE as SCORE from test_tb_grade2
order by user_name,COURSE
也可以利用【insert all into ... select】来实现,首先需要先建一个表TEST_TB_GRADE3:
Sql代码: 1 | create table TEST_TB_GRADE3 |
2 | ( |
3 | USER_NAME VARCHAR2(20 CHAR ), |
4 | COURSE VARCHAR2(20 CHAR ), |
5 | SCORE FLOAT |
6 | ) |
再执行下面的sql:
Sql代码:
1 | insert all |
2 | into test_tb_grade3(USER_NAME,COURSE,SCORE) values (user_name, '语文' , CN_SCORE) |
3 | into test_tb_grade3(USER_NAME,COURSE,SCORE) values (user_name, '数学' , MATH_SCORE) |
4 | into test_tb_grade3(USER_NAME,COURSE,SCORE) values (user_name, '英语' , EN_SCORE) |
5 | select user_name, CN_SCORE, MATH_SCORE, EN_SCORE from test_tb_grade2; |
6 | commit ; |
别忘记commit操作,然后再查询TEST_TB_GRADE3,发现表中的数据就是列转成行了。