android nfc中Ndef格式的读写



   http://www.2cto.com/kf/201404/296912.html

检测到标签后在Activity中的处理流程

1. 在onCreate()中获取NfcAdapter对象；

NfcAdapter nfcAdapter = NfcAdapter.getDefaultAdapter(this);

2.在onNewIntent()中获取Tag对象或者NdefMessage信息；

获取Tag对象：

Tag tag = intent.getParcelableExra(NfcAdapter.EXTRA_TAG);

获取NdefMessage信息：

Parcelable[] rawMsgs = getIntent().getParcelableArrayExtra(NfcAdapter.EXTRA_NDEF_MESSAGES)

3.也可以通过Tag创建Ndef对象等，以实现标签的属性和I/O操作。

Ndef ndef = Ndef.get(tag)；

NDEF格式标签的读取流程

1. 在onCreate()中获取NfcAdapter对象；

2.在onNewIntent()中判断是否为NDEF格式标签（ACTION_NDEF_DISCOVERED），若是则获取NdefMessage

信息；（需要强制转换成NdefMessage对象）

Parcelable[] rawMsgs = getIntent().getParcelableArrayExtra(NfcAdapter.EXTRA_NDEF_MESSAGES)

3.对NdefMessage对象进行解析，获取相关的文本信息或Uri等。

NDEF格式标签的写入流程

1. 在onCreate()中获取NfcAdapter对象；

2.在onNewIntent()中获取Tag对象；

Tag tag = intent.getParcelableExra(NfcAdapter.EXTRA_TAG);

3.通过Tag创建Ndef对象；

Ndef ndef = Ndef.get(tag)；

4.将文本等数据封装成NdefMessage；

5.判断是否为NDEF格式标签，

若是NDEF格式：

(1)允许进行标签操作:ndef.connect();

(2) 调用ndef.writeNdefMessage(NdefMessage)方法写入。

若非NDEF格式：

(1)NdefFromatable format = NdefFromatable.get();

(2)允许进行标签操作:format.connect();

(3)调用format.format(NdefMessage)方法写入。

NdefMessage信息结构

NdefRecZ喎�"http://www.2cto.com/kf/ware/vc/" target="_blank" class="keylink">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"http://www.2cto.com/uploadfile/Collfiles/20140430/20140430090648250.png" alt="\">

NDEF Uri格式

1、NdefMessage中的paylaod就是实际的数据，其中NDEF文本格式为：

2、前缀需要查表解析

例子程序：

ReadWriteTextMainActivity：

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package mobile.android.read.write.text;   import java.nio.charset.Charset; import java.util.Locale; import android.app.Activity; import android.content.Intent; import android.nfc.NdefMessage; import android.nfc.NdefRecord; import android.nfc.NfcAdapter; import android.nfc.Tag; import android.nfc.tech.Ndef; import android.nfc.tech.NdefFormatable; import android.os.Bundle; import android.view.View; import android.widget.TextView; import android.widget.Toast;   public class ReadWriteTextMainActivity extends Activity {      private TextView mInputText;        private String   mText;        @Override      public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {          super .onCreate(savedInstanceState);          setContentView(R.layout.activity_read_write_text_main);          mInputText = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.textview_input_text);        }        //单击“输入要写入文本”按钮执行的方法      public void onClick_InputText(View view) {          Intent intent = new Intent( this , InputTextActivity. class );          //显示输入文本的界面          startActivityForResult(intent, 1 );        }        @Override      protected void onActivityResult( int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {          if (requestCode == 1 && resultCode == 1 ) {              //获取要写入标签的文本              mText = data.getStringExtra( "text" );              //在主界面显示要写入标签的文本              mInputText.setText(mText);          }      }        //当窗口的创建模式是singleTop或singleTask时调用，用于取代onCreate方法      //当NFC标签靠近手机，建立连接后调用      @Override      public void onNewIntent(Intent intent) {          //如果未设置要写入的文本，则读取标签上的文本数据          if (mText == null ) {              Intent myIntent = new Intent( this , ShowNFCTagContentActivity. class );              //将intent传入另一个窗口，显示界面窗口              myIntent.putExtras(intent);              //需要指定这个Action，传递Intent对象时，Action不会传递              myIntent.setAction(NfcAdapter.ACTION_NDEF_DISCOVERED);              startActivity(myIntent);          }          //将指定的文本写入NFC标签          else {              //获取Tag对象              Tag tag = intent.getParcelableExtra(NfcAdapter.EXTRA_TAG);              //创建NdefMessage对象和NdefRecord对象              NdefMessage ndefMessage = new NdefMessage(                      new NdefRecord[] {createTextRecord(mText)});                //开始向标签写入文本              if (writeTag(ndefMessage, tag)) {                  //如果成功写入文本，将mtext设为null                  mText = null ;                  //将主窗口显示的要写入的文本清空，文本只能写入一次                  //如要继续写入，需要再次指定新的文本，否则只会读取标签中的文本                  mInputText.setText( "" );              }            }        }        //创建一个封装要写入的文本的NdefRecord对象      public NdefRecord createTextRecord(String text) {          //生成语言编码的字节数组，中文编码          byte [] langBytes = Locale.CHINA.getLanguage().getBytes(                  Charset.forName( "US-ASCII" ));          //将要写入的文本以UTF_8格式进行编码          Charset utfEncoding = Charset.forName( "UTF-8" );          //由于已经确定文本的格式编码为UTF_8，所以直接将payload的第1个字节的第7位设为0          byte [] textBytes = text.getBytes(utfEncoding);          int utfBit = 0 ;          //定义和初始化状态字节          char status = ( char ) (utfBit + langBytes.length);          //创建存储payload的字节数组          byte [] data = new byte [ 1 + langBytes.length + textBytes.length];          //设置状态字节          data[ 0 ] = ( byte ) status;          //设置语言编码          System.arraycopy(langBytes, 0 , data, 1 , langBytes.length);          //设置实际要写入的文本          System.arraycopy(textBytes, 0 , data, 1 + langBytes.length,                  textBytes.length);          //根据前面设置的payload创建NdefRecord对象          NdefRecord record = new NdefRecord(NdefRecord.TNF_WELL_KNOWN,                  NdefRecord.RTD_TEXT, new byte [ 0 ], data);          return record;      }        //将NdefMessage对象写入标签，成功写入返回ture，否则返回false      boolean writeTag(NdefMessage message, Tag tag) {          int size = message.toByteArray().length;            try {              //获取Ndef对象              Ndef ndef = Ndef.get(tag);              if (ndef != null ) {                  //允许对标签进行IO操作                  ndef.connect();                    if (!ndef.isWritable()) {                      Toast.makeText( this , "NFC Tag是只读的！" , Toast.LENGTH_LONG)                              .show();                      return false ;                    }                  if (ndef.getMaxSize() < size) {                      Toast.makeText( this , "NFC Tag的空间不足！" , Toast.LENGTH_LONG)                              .show();                      return false ;                  }                    //向标签写入数据                  ndef.writeNdefMessage(message);                  Toast.makeText( this , "已成功写入数据！" , Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();                  return true ;                } else {                  //获取可以格式化和向标签写入数据NdefFormatable对象                  NdefFormatable format = NdefFormatable.get(tag);                  //向非NDEF格式或未格式化的标签写入NDEF格式数据                  if (format != null ) {                      try {                          //允许对标签进行IO操作                          format.connect();                          format.format(message);                          Toast.makeText( this , "已成功写入数据！" , Toast.LENGTH_LONG)                                  .show();                          return true ;                        } catch (Exception e) {                          Toast.makeText( this , "写入NDEF格式数据失败！" , Toast.LENGTH_LONG)                                  .show();                          return false ;                      }                  } else {                      Toast.makeText( this , "NFC标签不支持NDEF格式！" , Toast.LENGTH_LONG)                              .show();                      return false ;                    }              }          } catch (Exception e) {              Toast.makeText( this , e.getMessage(), Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();              return false ;          }        } }

InputTextActivity：

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package mobile.android.read.write.text;   import android.app.Activity; import android.content.Intent; import android.os.Bundle; import android.view.View; import android.widget.EditText;   public class InputTextActivity extends Activity {      private EditText mTextTag;        @Override      public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {          super .onCreate(savedInstanceState);          setContentView(R.layout.activity_input_text);          mTextTag = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.edittext_text_tag);      }        public void onClick_OK(View view) {          Intent intent = new Intent();          intent.putExtra( "text" , mTextTag.getText().toString());          setResult( 1 , intent);          finish();      }   }

ShowNFCTagContentActivity：

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package mobile.android.read.write.text;   import mobile.android.read.write.text.library.TextRecord; import android.app.Activity; import android.content.Intent; import android.nfc.NdefMessage; import android.nfc.NdefRecord; import android.nfc.NfcAdapter; import android.nfc.Tag; import android.nfc.tech.Ndef; import android.os.Bundle; import android.os.Parcelable; import android.widget.TextView; import android.widget.Toast;   public class ShowNFCTagContentActivity extends Activity {      private TextView mTagContent;        private Tag      mDetectedTag;        private String   mTagText;        private void readAndShowData(Intent intent) {          mDetectedTag = intent.getParcelableExtra(NfcAdapter.EXTRA_TAG);          Ndef ndef = Ndef.get(mDetectedTag);          mTagText = ndef.getType() + "\n最大数据容量：" + ndef.getMaxSize()                  + " bytes\n\n" ;          readNFCTag();          mTagContent.setText(mTagText);      }        @Override      public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {          super .onCreate(savedInstanceState);          setContentView(R.layout.activity_show_nfctag_content);          mTagContent = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.textview_tag_content);          //获取Tag对象                mDetectedTag = getIntent().getParcelableExtra(NfcAdapter.EXTRA_TAG);          //创建Ndef对象           Ndef ndef = Ndef.get(mDetectedTag);          //获取标签的类型和最大容量          mTagText = ndef.getType() + "\n最大数据容量：" + ndef.getMaxSize()                  + " bytes\n\n" ;          //读取NFC标签的数据并解析          readNFCTag();          //将标签的相关信息显示在界面上          mTagContent.setText(mTagText);        }        private void readNFCTag() {          //判断是否为ACTION_NDEF_DISCOVERED          if (NfcAdapter.ACTION_NDEF_DISCOVERED.equals(getIntent().getAction())) {              //从标签读取数据（Parcelable对象）              Parcelable[] rawMsgs = getIntent().getParcelableArrayExtra(                      NfcAdapter.EXTRA_NDEF_MESSAGES);                NdefMessage msgs[] = null ;              int contentSize = 0 ;              if (rawMsgs != null ) {                  msgs = new NdefMessage[rawMsgs.length];                  //标签可能存储了多个NdefMessage对象，一般情况下只有一个NdefMessage对象                  for ( int i = 0 ; i < rawMsgs.length; i++) {                      //转换成NdefMessage对象                                   msgs[i] = (NdefMessage) rawMsgs[i];                      //计算数据的总长度                      contentSize += msgs[i].toByteArray().length;                    }              }              try {                    if (msgs != null ) {                      //程序中只考虑了1个NdefRecord对象，若是通用软件应该考虑所有的NdefRecord对象                      NdefRecord record = msgs[ 0 ].getRecords()[ 0 ];                      //分析第1个NdefRecorder，并创建TextRecord对象                      TextRecord textRecord = TextRecord.parse(msgs[ 0 ]                              .getRecords()[ 0 ]);                      //获取实际的数据占用的大小，并显示在窗口上                      mTagText += textRecord.getText() + "\n\n纯文本\n"                              + contentSize + " bytes" ;                    }                } catch (Exception e) {                  mTagContent.setText(e.getMessage());              }          }      } }

TextRecord：

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package mobile.android.read.write.text.library;   import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException; import java.util.Arrays; import android.nfc.NdefRecord;   public class TextRecord {      //存储解析出来的文本      private final String mText;        //不允许直接创建TextRecord对象，所以将构造方法声明为private      private TextRecord(String text) {            mText = text;      }        //通过该方法可以获取解析出来的文本      public String getText() {          return mText;      }        //  将纯文本内容从NdefRecord对象（payload）中解析出来      public static TextRecord parse(NdefRecord record) {          //验证TNF是否为NdefRecord.TNF_WELL_KNOWN          if (record.getTnf() != NdefRecord.TNF_WELL_KNOWN)              return null ;          //验证可变长度类型是否为RTD_TEXT          if (!Arrays.equals(record.getType(), NdefRecord.RTD_TEXT))              return null ;            try {              //获取payload              byte [] payload = record.getPayload();              //下面代码分析payload：状态字节+ISO语言编码（ASCLL）+文本数据（UTF_8/UTF_16）              //其中payload[0]放置状态字节：如果bit7为0，文本数据以UTF_8格式编码，如果为1则以UTF_16编码              //bit6是保留位，默认为0              /*               * payload[0] contains the "Status Byte Encodings" field, per the               * NFC Forum "Text Record Type Definition" section 3.2.1.               *               * bit7 is the Text Encoding Field.               *               * if (Bit_7 == 0): The text is encoded in UTF-8 if (Bit_7 == 1):               * The text is encoded in UTF16               *               * Bit_6 is reserved for future use and must be set to zero.               *               * Bits 5 to 0 are the length of the IANA language code.               */              String textEncoding = ((payload[ 0 ] & 0x80 ) == 0 ) ? "UTF-8"                      : "UTF-16" ;              //处理bit5-0。bit5-0表示语言编码长度（字节数）              int languageCodeLength = payload[ 0 ] & 0x3f ;              //获取语言编码（从payload的第2个字节读取languageCodeLength个字节作为语言编码）              String languageCode = new String(payload, 1 , languageCodeLength,                      "US-ASCII" );              //解析出实际的文本数据              String text = new String(payload, languageCodeLength + 1 ,                      payload.length - languageCodeLength - 1 , textEncoding);              //创建一个TextRecord对象，并返回该对象              return new TextRecord(text);          } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {              // should never happen unless we get a malformed tag.              throw new IllegalArgumentException(e);          }      } }

AndroidManifest.xml：

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<manifest android:versionname= "1.0" android:versioncode= "1" package = "mobile.android.read.write.text" xmlns:android= "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" >        <uses-sdk android:targetsdkversion= "15" android:minsdkversion= "15" >        <uses-permission android:name= "android.permission.NFC" >                                <intent-filter>                                    <category android:name= "android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" >              </category>              <intent-filter>                                    <category android:name= "android.intent.category.DEFAULT" >                  <data android:mimetype= "text/plain" >              </data>          </category>                          </activity> </activity></action></intent-filter></action></intent-filter></activity></application></uses-permission></uses-sdk></manifest>