前言:
一直致力于提高开发效率降低项目耦合,今天想抽空学习一下MVP架构设计模式,学习一下如何运用到项目中。
MVP架构设计模式
MVP模式是一种架构设计模式,也是一种经典的界面模式。MVP中的M代表Model, V是View, P是Presenter。
- Model 业务逻辑和实体模型
- View 代表对应布局文件以及一个将UI界面提炼而抽象出来的接口。
- Presenter Model和View之间的桥梁
为什么采用MVP
- 降低耦合度
- 模块职责划分明显
- 利于测试驱动开发
- 代码复用
- 隐藏数据
- 代码灵活性
举个例子说明一下
先看下整个例子的结构示意图
1)首先我们先看M层
Model代表业务逻辑和实体模型,栗子中的M层包含一个实体类UserEntity,具体代码如下:
public class UserEntity {
private String name;
private int age;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
}
一个获取user列表的契约接口类IUserModel
public interface IUserModel {
void loadUserEntities(IGetUserEntitiesListener listener);
}
一个实现IUserModel的实现类UserModelImpl
public class UserModelImpl implements IUserModel {
@Override
public void loadUserEntities(final IGetUserEntitiesListener listener) {
//模拟网络请求数据过程
new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper()).postDelayed(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
List<UserEntity> userModels = new ArrayList<>();
int testCount = 20;
for (int i = 0; i < testCount; i++) {
UserEntity userModel = new UserEntity();
userModel.setAge(i * 5);
userModel.setName(String.format("李%d", i));
userModels.add(userModel);
}
listener.onGetUserEntities(userModels);
}
}, 3000);
}
}
回调结果的IGetUserEntitiesListener 接口类
public interface IGetUserEntitiesListener {
void onGetUserEntities(List<UserEntity> userEntities);
}
2)V层就是页面的展示与加载
这里的V层为一个接口契约类和Activity,负责View的绘制以及与用户交互,首先看下契约接口类
public interface ILoadDataView<T> {
void startLoading();//开始加载
void loadFailed();//加载失败
void loadSuccess(List<T> list);//加载成功
void finishLoading();//结束加载
}
Activity代码如下
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements ILoadDataView<UserEntity> {
private MyAdapter mMyAdapter;
private ProgressDialog mProgressDialog;
private LoadUserEntitiesPresenter mLoadListPresenter;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
initViews();
}
private void initViews() {
ListView testListView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.test_listView);
mMyAdapter = new MyAdapter(this);
testListView.setAdapter(mMyAdapter);
mLoadListPresenter = new LoadUserEntitiesPresenter(this);
findViewById(R.id.test_button).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
mMyAdapter.removeDatas();
mMyAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
mLoadListPresenter.loadUserEntities();
}
});
}
@Override
public void startLoading() {
mProgressDialog = new ProgressDialog(this);
mProgressDialog.setMessage("正在加载中");
mProgressDialog.show();
}
@Override
public void loadFailed() {
}
@Override
public void loadSuccess(List<UserEntity> list) {
mMyAdapter.addDatas(list);
mMyAdapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
}
@Override
public void finishLoading() {
if (mProgressDialog != null) {
mProgressDialog.dismiss();
mProgressDialog = null;
}
}
3)P层负责完成View于Model间的交互,由P分别操作M层和V层,是他们之间的桥梁
首先看下Presenter的实现,包括一个ILoadUserEntitiesPresenter契约接口类和LoadUserEntitiesPresenter实现类
ILoadUserEntitiesPresenter类代码
public interface ILoadUserEntitiesPresenter {
void loadUserEntities();
}
LoadUserEntitiesPresenter实现类
public class LoadUserEntitiesPresenter implements ILoadUserEntitiesPresenter {
private ILoadDataView<UserEntity> mILoadListView;
private IUserModel mUserModel;
public LoadUserEntitiesPresenter(ILoadDataView<UserEntity> mILoadListView) {
this.mILoadListView = mILoadListView;
this.mUserModel = new UserModelImpl();
}
@Override
public void loadUserEntities() {
mILoadListView.startLoading();
mUserModel.loadUserEntities(new IGetUserEntitiesListener() {
@Override
public void onGetUserEntities(List<UserEntity> userEntities) {
if (userEntities != null && !userEntities.isEmpty()) {
mILoadListView.loadSuccess(userEntities);
} else {
mILoadListView.loadFailed();
}
mILoadListView.finishLoading();
}
});
}
}
适配器代码MyAdapter
public class MyAdapter extends BaseAdapter {
private List<UserEntity> mUserModels;
private Context mContext;
public MyAdapter(Context mContext) {
this.mContext = mContext;
this.mUserModels = new ArrayList<>();
}
@Override
public int getCount() {
return mUserModels != null ? mUserModels.size() : 0;
}
@Override
public Object getItem(int position) {
return mUserModels.get(position);
}
@Override
public long getItemId(int position) {
return 0;
}
@Override
public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
ViewHolder viewHolder;
if (convertView == null) {
viewHolder = new ViewHolder();
convertView = viewHolder.bindVIew();
convertView.setTag(viewHolder);
} else {
viewHolder = (ViewHolder) convertView.getTag();
}
viewHolder.bindData(position);
return convertView;
}
public void addDatas(List<UserEntity> modelList) {
if (modelList == null || modelList.isEmpty()) {
return;
}
mUserModels.addAll(modelList);
}
public void removeDatas() {
mUserModels.clear();
}
public class ViewHolder {
private TextView mTextView;
public View bindVIew() {
View convertView = LayoutInflater.from(mContext).inflate(R.layout.item_listview, null);
mTextView = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.test_textview);
return convertView;
}
public void bindData(int position) {
UserEntity userModel = mUserModels.get(position);
mTextView.setText(String.format("name:%s \nage:%d", userModel.getName(), userModel.getAge()));
}
}
}
布局activity_main.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical"
tools:context="com.whoislcj.testmvp.MainActivity">
<Button
android:id="@+id/test_button"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_margin="20dp"
android:text="测试mvp"/>
<ListView
android:id="@+id/test_listView"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"/>
</LinearLayout>
item布局item_listview.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<TextView xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:id="@+id/test_textview"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:minHeight="50dp"
android:layout_margin="10dp"
android:background="@android:color/white"
android:gravity="center"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:textColor="@android:color/black"
android:textSize="16sp"/>