一、ImageLoader应该具备的功能：
- 图片的同步加载
- 图片的异步处理
- 图片压缩
- 内存缓存
- 磁盘缓存
- 网络拉取图片
同步加载： 就是以二级缓存的方式同步获取图片
异步加载： 异步，多线程，二级缓存获取图片
图片压缩： 压缩图片，有效防止OOM
内存缓存： 利用LruCache实现
磁盘缓存： 利用DiskLruCache实现
网络拉取： 没有缓存时，网络拉取
其中，LruCahce和DiskLruCache是这个图片框架的核心，除此之外，我们还需要注意的在ListView或者GridView上的一个复用问题。
（前提准备：网上拿到DiskLruCache的类源码，放入我们的工程中）
二、实现分析：
1、首先在ImageLoader这个方法里面初始化Lruchche和DiskLruCache这两个类
private ImageLoader(Context context) { mContext = context.getApplicationContext(); int maxMemory = (int) (Runtime.getRuntime().maxMemory() / 1024); int cacheSize = maxMemory / 8; mMemoryCache = new LruCache<String, Bitmap>(cacheSize) { @Override protected int sizeOf(String key, Bitmap bitmap) { return bitmap.getRowBytes() * bitmap.getHeight() / 1024; } }; File diskCacheDir = getDiskCacheDir(mContext, "bitmap"); if (!diskCacheDir.exists()) { diskCacheDir.mkdirs(); } if (getUsableSpace(diskCacheDir) > DISK_CACHE_SIZE) { try { mDiskLruCache = DiskLruCache.open(diskCacheDir, 1, 1, DISK_CACHE_SIZE); mIsDiskLruCacheCreated = true; } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
2、我们图片需要压缩，为了解耦，我们把图片压缩单独设置建立一个压缩类
public class ImageResizer { private static final String TAG = "ImageResizer"; public ImageResizer() { } public Bitmap decodeSampledBitmapFromResource(Resources res, int resId, int reqWidth, int reqHeight) { // First decode with inJustDecodeBounds=true to check dimensions final BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options(); options.inJustDecodeBounds = true; BitmapFactory.decodeResource(res, resId, options); // Calculate inSampleSize options.inSampleSize = calculateInSampleSize(options, reqWidth, reqHeight); // Decode bitmap with inSampleSize set options.inJustDecodeBounds = false; return BitmapFactory.decodeResource(res, resId, options); } public Bitmap decodeSampledBitmapFromFileDescriptor(FileDescriptor fd, int reqWidth, int reqHeight) { // First decode with inJustDecodeBounds=true to check dimensions final BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options(); options.inJustDecodeBounds = true; BitmapFactory.decodeFileDescriptor(fd, null, options); // Calculate inSampleSize options.inSampleSize = calculateInSampleSize(options, reqWidth, reqHeight); // Decode bitmap with inSampleSize set options.inJustDecodeBounds = false; return BitmapFactory.decodeFileDescriptor(fd, null, options); } public int calculateInSampleSize(BitmapFactory.Options options, int reqWidth, int reqHeight) { if (reqWidth == 0 || reqHeight == 0) { return 1; } // Raw height and width of image final int height = options.outHeight; final int width = options.outWidth; Log.d(TAG, "origin, w= " + width + " h=" + height); int inSampleSize = 1; if (height > reqHeight || width > reqWidth) { final int halfHeight = height / 2; final int halfWidth = width / 2; // Calculate the largest inSampleSize value that is a power of 2 and // keeps both // height and width larger than the requested height and width. while ((halfHeight / inSampleSize) >= reqHeight && (halfWidth / inSampleSize) >= reqWidth) { inSampleSize *= 2; } } Log.d(TAG, "sampleSize:" + inSampleSize); return inSampleSize; } }
3、LruCache的取存
取和存
private void addBitmapToMemoryCache(String key, Bitmap bitmap) { if (getBitmapFromMemCache(key) == null) { mMemoryCache.put(key, bitmap); } } private Bitmap getBitmapFromMemCache(String key) { return mMemoryCache.get(key); }
删除的话满了就自动删除
4、DiskLruCache的取存删
取和删
/** * 磁盘缓存的添加 * @param url * @param reqWidth * @param reqHeight * @return * @throws IOException * * * 磁盘缓存的添加：添加需要通过Editor来完成，利用commit和abort方法来 提交 和 撤销 操作 */ private Bitmap loadBitmapFromHttp(String url, int reqWidth, int reqHeight) throws IOException { if (Looper.myLooper() == Looper.getMainLooper()) { throw new RuntimeException("can not visit network from UI Thread."); } if (mDiskLruCache == null) { return null; } String key = hashKeyFormUrl(url); DiskLruCache.Editor editor = mDiskLruCache.edit(key); if (editor != null) { OutputStream outputStream = editor.newOutputStream(DISK_CACHE_INDEX); if (downloadUrlToStream(url, outputStream)) { editor.commit(); } else { editor.abort(); } mDiskLruCache.flush(); } return loadBitmapFromDiskCache(url, reqWidth, reqHeight); }
/** * 磁盘缓存的读取 * @param url * @param reqWidth * @param reqHeight * @return * @throws IOException * 读取：需要通过Snapshot来完成，通过Snapshot可以得到磁盘缓存对象对应的FileInputStream * 但是FileInputStream无法很好地进行压缩 * 所以我们通过 FileDescripot 来加载压缩后的图片，得到加载后的Bitmap添加到内存缓存中 */ private Bitmap loadBitmapFromDiskCache(String url, int reqWidth, int reqHeight) throws IOException { if (Looper.myLooper() == Looper.getMainLooper()) { Log.w(TAG, "load bitmap from UI Thread, it's not recommended!"); } if (mDiskLruCache == null) { return null; } Bitmap bitmap = null; String key = hashKeyFormUrl(url); DiskLruCache.Snapshot snapShot = mDiskLruCache.get(key); if (snapShot != null) { FileInputStream fileInputStream = (FileInputStream)snapShot.getInputStream(DISK_CACHE_INDEX); FileDescriptor fileDescriptor = fileInputStream.getFD(); bitmap = mImageResizer.decodeSampledBitmapFromFileDescriptor(fileDescriptor, reqWidth, reqHeight); if (bitmap != null) { addBitmapToMemoryCache(key, bitmap); } } return bitmap; }
5、同步接口的实现
以同步接口的方式去加载图片，走的是内存，磁盘接着网络的获取渠道
同步接口的不能再主线程执行，需要在外部的线程调用
/** * * 同步加载 （从内存缓存、磁盘缓存、网络） * @param uri http url * @param reqWidth the width ImageView desired * @param reqHeight the height ImageView desired * @return bitmap, maybe null. * * 同步加载的设计步骤： * 先从内存缓存尝试加载图片，找不到就去磁盘缓存拿，磁盘缓存拿不到就去网络拿 * 这个方法不能再线程执行，在主线程执行就抛异常（有一个检查当前线程的Looper是否为主线程的Looper的判断） */ public Bitmap loadBitmap(String uri, int reqWidth, int reqHeight) { Bitmap bitmap = loadBitmapFromMemCache(uri); if (bitmap != null) { Log.d(TAG, "loadBitmapFromMemCache,url:" + uri); return bitmap; } try { bitmap = loadBitmapFromDiskCache(uri, reqWidth, reqHeight); if (bitmap != null) { Log.d(TAG, "loadBitmapFromDisk,url:" + uri); return bitmap; } bitmap = loadBitmapFromHttp(uri, reqWidth, reqHeight); Log.d(TAG, "loadBitmapFromHttp,url:" + uri); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } if (bitmap == null && !mIsDiskLruCacheCreated) { Log.w(TAG, "encounter error, DiskLruCache is not created."); bitmap = downloadBitmapFromUrl(uri); } return bitmap; }
6、异步接口的设计
/** * 异步接口 * load bitmap from memory cache or disk cache or network async, then bind imageView and bitmap. * NOTE THAT: should run in UI Thread * @param uri http url * @param imageView bitmap's bind object */ public void bindBitmap(final String uri, final ImageView imageView) { bindBitmap(uri, imageView, 0, 0); } /** * 异步接口 * @param uri * @param imageView * @param reqWidth * @param reqHeight * * 实现过程： * 首先先去内存缓存读取图片 * 如果读取就直接返回结果 * * 如果读取不到就调用loadBitmap方法，当图片加载成功后再将图片，图片的地址以及需要绑定的imageView封装成 * 一个LoaderResult对象，然后再通过mHMainandler向主线程发送一条消息，这样就可以在imageView中设置图片了 * 之所以通过Handler中转是因为子线程无法直接更新UI * * bindBitmap中用到了线程池和Handler * * */ public void bindBitmap(final String uri, final ImageView imageView, final int reqWidth, final int reqHeight) { imageView.setTag(TAG_KEY_URI, uri); Bitmap bitmap = loadBitmapFromMemCache(uri); if (bitmap != null) { imageView.setImageBitmap(bitmap); return; } Runnable loadBitmapTask = new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { Bitmap bitmap = loadBitmap(uri, reqWidth, reqHeight); if (bitmap != null) { LoaderResult result = new LoaderResult(imageView, uri, bitmap); mMainHandler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_RESULT, result).sendToTarget(); } } }; THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR.execute(loadBitmapTask); }
7、解决View的复用错位
每次设置图片之前都检查他的url有没有改变，如果改变就不再给其设置图片，这样就解决了图片错误的问题
private Handler mMainHandler = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper()) { @Override public void handleMessage(Message msg) { LoaderResult result = (LoaderResult) msg.obj; ImageView imageView = result.imageView; imageView.setImageBitmap(result.bitmap); String uri = (String) imageView.getTag(TAG_KEY_URI); if (uri.equals(result.uri)) { imageView.setImageBitmap(result.bitmap); } else { Log.w(TAG, "set image bitmap,but url has changed, ignored!"); } }; };
完整代码
ImageLoader完整代码
public class ImageLoader { private static final String TAG = "ImageLoader"; public static final int MESSAGE_POST_RESULT = 1; private static final int CPU_COUNT = Runtime.getRuntime() .availableProcessors(); private static final int CORE_POOL_SIZE = CPU_COUNT + 1; private static final int MAXIMUM_POOL_SIZE = CPU_COUNT * 2 + 1; private static final long KEEP_ALIVE = 10L; private static final int TAG_KEY_URI = R.id.imageloader_uri; private static final long DISK_CACHE_SIZE = 1024 * 1024 * 50; private static final int IO_BUFFER_SIZE = 8 * 1024; private static final int DISK_CACHE_INDEX = 0; private boolean mIsDiskLruCacheCreated = false; private static final ThreadFactory sThreadFactory = new ThreadFactory() { private final AtomicInteger mCount = new AtomicInteger(1); public Thread newThread(Runnable r) { return new Thread(r, "ImageLoader#" + mCount.getAndIncrement()); } }; public static final Executor THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR = new ThreadPoolExecutor( CORE_POOL_SIZE, MAXIMUM_POOL_SIZE, KEEP_ALIVE, TimeUnit.SECONDS, new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(), sThreadFactory); private Handler mMainHandler = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper()) { @Override public void handleMessage(Message msg) { LoaderResult result = (LoaderResult) msg.obj; ImageView imageView = result.imageView; imageView.setImageBitmap(result.bitmap); String uri = (String) imageView.getTag(TAG_KEY_URI); if (uri.equals(result.uri)) { imageView.setImageBitmap(result.bitmap); } else { Log.w(TAG, "set image bitmap,but url has changed, ignored!"); } }; }; private Context mContext; private ImageResizer mImageResizer = new ImageResizer(); private LruCache<String, Bitmap> mMemoryCache; private DiskLruCache mDiskLruCache; private ImageLoader(Context context) { mContext = context.getApplicationContext(); int maxMemory = (int) (Runtime.getRuntime().maxMemory() / 1024); int cacheSize = maxMemory / 8; mMemoryCache = new LruCache<String, Bitmap>(cacheSize) { @Override protected int sizeOf(String key, Bitmap bitmap) { return bitmap.getRowBytes() * bitmap.getHeight() / 1024; } }; File diskCacheDir = getDiskCacheDir(mContext, "bitmap"); if (!diskCacheDir.exists()) { diskCacheDir.mkdirs(); } if (getUsableSpace(diskCacheDir) > DISK_CACHE_SIZE) { try { mDiskLruCache = DiskLruCache.open(diskCacheDir, 1, 1, DISK_CACHE_SIZE); mIsDiskLruCacheCreated = true; } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } /** * build a new instance of ImageLoader * @param context * @return a new instance of ImageLoader */ public static ImageLoader build(Context context) { return new ImageLoader(context); } // 内存缓存的添加 private void addBitmapToMemoryCache(String key, Bitmap bitmap) { if (getBitmapFromMemCache(key) == null) { mMemoryCache.put(key, bitmap); } } // 内存缓存的读取 private Bitmap getBitmapFromMemCache(String key) { return mMemoryCache.get(key); } /** * 异步接口 * load bitmap from memory cache or disk cache or network async, then bind imageView and bitmap. * NOTE THAT: should run in UI Thread * @param uri http url * @param imageView bitmap's bind object */ public void bindBitmap(final String uri, final ImageView imageView) { bindBitmap(uri, imageView, 0, 0); } /** * 异步接口 * @param uri * @param imageView * @param reqWidth * @param reqHeight * * 实现过程： * 首先先去内存缓存读取图片 * 如果读取就直接返回结果 * * 如果读取不到就调用loadBitmap方法，当图片加载成功后再将图片，图片的地址以及需要绑定的imageView封装成 * 一个LoaderResult对象，然后再通过mHMainandler向主线程发送一条消息，这样就可以在imageView中设置图片了 * 之所以通过Handler中转是因为子线程无法直接更新UI * * bindBitmap中用到了线程池和Handler * * */ public void bindBitmap(final String uri, final ImageView imageView, final int reqWidth, final int reqHeight) { imageView.setTag(TAG_KEY_URI, uri); Bitmap bitmap = loadBitmapFromMemCache(uri); if (bitmap != null) { imageView.setImageBitmap(bitmap); return; } Runnable loadBitmapTask = new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { Bitmap bitmap = loadBitmap(uri, reqWidth, reqHeight); if (bitmap != null) { LoaderResult result = new LoaderResult(imageView, uri, bitmap); mMainHandler.obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_RESULT, result).sendToTarget(); } } }; THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR.execute(loadBitmapTask); } /** * * 同步加载 （从内存缓存、磁盘缓存、网络） * @param uri http url * @param reqWidth the width ImageView desired * @param reqHeight the height ImageView desired * @return bitmap, maybe null. * * 同步加载的设计步骤： * 先从内存缓存尝试加载图片，找不到就去磁盘缓存拿，磁盘缓存拿不到就去网络拿 * 这个方法不能再线程执行，在主线程执行就抛异常（有一个检查当前线程的Looper是否为主线程的Looper的判断） */ public Bitmap loadBitmap(String uri, int reqWidth, int reqHeight) { Bitmap bitmap = loadBitmapFromMemCache(uri); if (bitmap != null) { Log.d(TAG, "loadBitmapFromMemCache,url:" + uri); return bitmap; } try { bitmap = loadBitmapFromDiskCache(uri, reqWidth, reqHeight); if (bitmap != null) { Log.d(TAG, "loadBitmapFromDisk,url:" + uri); return bitmap; } bitmap = loadBitmapFromHttp(uri, reqWidth, reqHeight); Log.d(TAG, "loadBitmapFromHttp,url:" + uri); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } if (bitmap == null && !mIsDiskLruCacheCreated) { Log.w(TAG, "encounter error, DiskLruCache is not created."); bitmap = downloadBitmapFromUrl(uri); } return bitmap; } private Bitmap loadBitmapFromMemCache(String url) { final String key = hashKeyFormUrl(url); Bitmap bitmap = getBitmapFromMemCache(key); return bitmap; } /** * 磁盘缓存的添加 * @param url * @param reqWidth * @param reqHeight * @return * @throws IOException * * * 磁盘缓存的添加：添加需要通过Editor来完成，利用commit和abort方法来 提交 和 撤销 操作 */ private Bitmap loadBitmapFromHttp(String url, int reqWidth, int reqHeight) throws IOException { if (Looper.myLooper() == Looper.getMainLooper()) { throw new RuntimeException("can not visit network from UI Thread."); } if (mDiskLruCache == null) { return null; } String key = hashKeyFormUrl(url); DiskLruCache.Editor editor = mDiskLruCache.edit(key); if (editor != null) { OutputStream outputStream = editor.newOutputStream(DISK_CACHE_INDEX); if (downloadUrlToStream(url, outputStream)) { editor.commit(); } else { editor.abort(); } mDiskLruCache.flush(); } return loadBitmapFromDiskCache(url, reqWidth, reqHeight); } /** * 磁盘缓存的读取 * @param url * @param reqWidth * @param reqHeight * @return * @throws IOException * 读取：需要通过Snapshot来完成，通过Snapshot可以得到磁盘缓存对象对应的FileInputStream * 但是FileInputStream无法很好地进行压缩 * 所以我们通过 FileDescripot 来加载压缩后的图片，得到加载后的Bitmap添加到内存缓存中 */ private Bitmap loadBitmapFromDiskCache(String url, int reqWidth, int reqHeight) throws IOException { if (Looper.myLooper() == Looper.getMainLooper()) { Log.w(TAG, "load bitmap from UI Thread, it's not recommended!"); } if (mDiskLruCache == null) { return null; } Bitmap bitmap = null; String key = hashKeyFormUrl(url); DiskLruCache.Snapshot snapShot = mDiskLruCache.get(key); if (snapShot != null) { FileInputStream fileInputStream = (FileInputStream)snapShot.getInputStream(DISK_CACHE_INDEX); FileDescriptor fileDescriptor = fileInputStream.getFD(); bitmap = mImageResizer.decodeSampledBitmapFromFileDescriptor(fileDescriptor, reqWidth, reqHeight); if (bitmap != null) { addBitmapToMemoryCache(key, bitmap); } } return bitmap; } public boolean downloadUrlToStream(String urlString, OutputStream outputStream) { HttpURLConnection urlConnection = null; BufferedOutputStream out = null; BufferedInputStream in = null; try { final URL url = new URL(urlString); urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(); in = new BufferedInputStream(urlConnection.getInputStream(), IO_BUFFER_SIZE); out = new BufferedOutputStream(outputStream, IO_BUFFER_SIZE); int b; while ((b = in.read()) != -1) { out.write(b); } return true; } catch (IOException e) { Log.e(TAG, "downloadBitmap failed." + e); } finally { if (urlConnection != null) { urlConnection.disconnect(); } MyUtils.close(out); MyUtils.close(in); } return false; } private Bitmap downloadBitmapFromUrl(String urlString) { Bitmap bitmap = null; HttpURLConnection urlConnection = null; BufferedInputStream in = null; try { final URL url = new URL(urlString); urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(); in = new BufferedInputStream(urlConnection.getInputStream(), IO_BUFFER_SIZE); bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(in); } catch (final IOException e) { Log.e(TAG, "Error in downloadBitmap: " + e); } finally { if (urlConnection != null) { urlConnection.disconnect(); } MyUtils.close(in); } return bitmap; } private String hashKeyFormUrl(String url) { String cacheKey; try { final MessageDigest mDigest = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5"); mDigest.update(url.getBytes()); cacheKey = bytesToHexString(mDigest.digest()); } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) { cacheKey = String.valueOf(url.hashCode()); } return cacheKey; } private String bytesToHexString(byte[] bytes) { StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); for (int i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++) { String hex = Integer.toHexString(0xFF & bytes[i]); if (hex.length() == 1) { sb.append('0'); } sb.append(hex); } return sb.toString(); } public File getDiskCacheDir(Context context, String uniqueName) { boolean externalStorageAvailable = Environment .getExternalStorageState().equals(Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED); final String cachePath; if (externalStorageAvailable) { cachePath = context.getExternalCacheDir().getPath(); } else { cachePath = context.getCacheDir().getPath(); } return new File(cachePath + File.separator + uniqueName); } @TargetApi(VERSION_CODES.GINGERBREAD) private long getUsableSpace(File path) { if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= VERSION_CODES.GINGERBREAD) { return path.getUsableSpace(); } final StatFs stats = new StatFs(path.getPath()); return (long) stats.getBlockSize() * (long) stats.getAvailableBlocks(); } private static class LoaderResult { public ImageView imageView; public String uri; public Bitmap bitmap; public LoaderResult(ImageView imageView, String uri, Bitmap bitmap) { this.imageView = imageView; this.uri = uri; this.bitmap = bitmap; } } }
附上DiskLruCache源码
说明，本文主要参考《Android开发艺术探索》
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