[知了堂学习笔记]IO扩展_解析xml文件

最新推荐文章于 2022-04-13 09:40:08 发布

mili_dou

最新推荐文章于 2022-04-13 09:40:08 发布

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文章来自：
https://www.cnblogs.com/jasonHome/p/5647108.html

java解析XML文件的四种方法

假设有xml文件内容和结构如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="GB2312" standalone="no"?>
<employees>
<employee>
<name>feifei</name>
<sex>woman</sex>
<age>21</age>
</employee>
</employees>

建立XML文件建立与解析接口：

package iotest;
/**
 * 定义XML文档建立与解析的接口
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
public interface XmlDocument {
    /**
     * 建立XML文档
     * @param fileName 文件全路径名称
     */
    public void createXml(String fileName);
    /**
     * 解析XML文档
     * @param fileName 文件全路径名称
     */
    public void parseXml(String fileName);

}

DOM生成和解析XML文档：基于XML文档树结构的解析，优点：整个文档树在内存中，便于操作；支持删除、修改、重新排列等多种功能；缺点：将整个文档调入内存（包括无用的节点），浪费时间和空间；使用场合：一旦解析了文档还需多次访问这些数据；硬件资源充足（内存、CPU）。

导入jar包
dom-2.3.0-jaxb-1.0.6.jar
org.w3c.dom.smil-1.0.0.jar

package iotest;

import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
import javax.xml.transform.OutputKeys;
import javax.xml.transform.Transformer;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerConfigurationException;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerException;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory;
import javax.xml.transform.dom.DOMSource;
import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult;

import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;
import org.w3c.dom.Node;
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;

public class DomDemo implements XmlDocument{

    private Document document;
    private String fileName;//文件全路径名称

    public void init() {

        try {
            DocumentBuilderFactory factory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
            DocumentBuilder builder = factory.newDocumentBuilder();
            this.document = builder.newDocument();

        } catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {
            System.out.println(e.getMessage());
        }

    }

    //创建xml文档
    @Override
    public void createXml(String fileName) {
        //创建xml最外层节点
        Element root = this.document.createElement("employees");
        this.document.appendChild(root);
        //创建节点emloyee
        Element emloyee = this.document.createElement("employee");
        //创建节点name
        Element name = this.document.createElement("name");
        name.appendChild(this.document.createTextNode("feifei"));//创建name节点中的内容
        emloyee.appendChild(name);
        //创建节点sex
        Element sex =  this.document.createElement("sex");
        sex.appendChild(this.document.createTextNode("woman"));//sex节点中的内容
        emloyee.appendChild(sex);
        //创建age
        Element age = this.document.createElement("age");
        age.appendChild(this.document.createTextNode("21"));//age节点中的内容
        emloyee.appendChild(age);
        //创建emloyee的节点
        root.appendChild(emloyee);
        TransformerFactory tf = TransformerFactory.newInstance();

        try {
            Transformer transformer = tf.newTransformer();
            DOMSource source = new DOMSource((Node) document);
            transformer.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.ENCODING, "gb2312");
            transformer.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.INDENT, "yes");
            PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(new FileOutputStream(fileName));
            StreamResult result = new StreamResult(pw);
            transformer.transform(source, result);

            System.out.println("生成XML文件成功！");



        } catch (TransformerConfigurationException e) {
            System.out.println(e.getMessage());
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            System.out.println(e.getMessage());
        } catch (TransformerException e) {
            System.out.println(e.getMessage());
        }

    }

    //解析xml文档
    @Override
    public void parseXml(String fileName) {

        try {
            DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
            DocumentBuilder  db = dbf.newDocumentBuilder();
            Document document = db.parse(fileName);
            NodeList employees = document.getChildNodes();
            for(int i = 0;i < employees.getLength();i++) {
                Node employee = employees.item(i);
                NodeList employeeInfo = employee.getChildNodes();
                for(int j = 0;j < employeeInfo.getLength(); j++) {
                    Node node = employeeInfo.item(j);
                    NodeList employeeMeta = node.getChildNodes();
                    for(int k = 0; k < employeeMeta.getLength(); k++) {
                        System.out.println(employeeMeta.item(k).getNodeName()+":"+employeeMeta.item(k).getTextContent());
                    }
                }
            }
            System.out.println("解析完毕");
        } catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {
            System.out.println(e.getMessage());
        } catch (SAXException e) {
            System.out.println(e.getMessage());
        } catch (IOException e) {
            System.out.println(e.getMessage());
        }
    }

}

SAX生成和解析XML文档：SAX是基于事件流的解析，优点：不用事先调入整个文档，占用资源少；SAX解析器代码比DOM解析器代码小，适于Applet，下载。缺点：不是持久的；事件过后，若没保存数据，那么数据就丢了；无状态性；从事件中只能得到文本，但不知该文本属于哪个元素；使用场合：Applet;只需XML文档的少量内容，很少回头访问；机器内存少。

sax-2.0.1.jar

package iotest;

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;

import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParser;
import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory;

import org.xml.sax.Attributes;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
import org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler;

/**
 * sax生成和解析XML文档
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
public class SaxDemo implements XmlDocument{

    //生成XML文档
    @Override
    public void createXml(String fileName) {
        System.out.println("<<"+fileName+">>");

    }

    //解析XML文档
    @Override
    public void parseXml(String fileName) {
        SAXParserFactory saxfac = SAXParserFactory.newInstance();

        try {
            SAXParser saxParser = saxfac.newSAXParser();
            InputStream is = new FileInputStream(fileName);
            saxParser.parse(is, new MySAXHandler());
        } catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (SAXException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }


}



class MySAXHandler extends DefaultHandler{
    boolean hasAttribute = false;
    Attributes attributes = null;


    public void startDocument() throws SAXException{
        System.out.println("文档开始打印了");
    }

    public void endDocument() throws SAXException{
        System.out.println("文档打印结束了");
    }

    public void startElement(String uri, String localName, String qName, Attributes attributes) throws SAXException {
        if(qName.equals("employees")) {
            return;
        }

        if(qName.equals("employee")) {
            System.out.println(qName);
        }

        if(attributes.getLength() > 0) {
            this.attributes = attributes;
            this.hasAttribute = true;
        }
    }

    public void endElement(String uri, String localName, String qName) throws SAXException{
        if(hasAttribute && (attributes != null)) {
            for(int i = 0; i < attributes.getLength();i++) {
                System.out.println(attributes.getQName(i)+ attributes.getValue(i));
            }

        }
    }

    public void characters(char[] ch, int start, int length) throws SAXException{
        System.out.println(new String(ch, start, length));
    }
}

DOM4J生成和解析XML文档：Java XML API，具有性能优异、功能强大和极端易用使用的特点

dom4j-1.6.1.jar

package iotest;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.Writer;
import java.util.Iterator;

import org.dom4j.Document;
import org.dom4j.DocumentException;
import org.dom4j.DocumentHelper;
import org.dom4j.Element;
import org.dom4j.io.SAXReader;
import org.dom4j.io.XMLWriter;

/**
 * Dom4j 生成xml文件和解析xml文件
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
public class Dom4jDemo implements XmlDocument{

    //创建XML文件
    @Override
    public void createXml(String fileName) {
        Document document = DocumentHelper.createDocument();
        Element employees = document.addElement("employees");
        Element employee = employees.addElement("employee");
        Element name = employee.addElement("name");
        name.setText("doudou");
        Element sex = employee.addElement("sex");
        sex.setText("woman");
        Element age = employee.addElement("age");
        age.setText("22");


        try {
            Writer fileWriter = new FileWriter(fileName);
            XMLWriter xmlWriter = new XMLWriter(fileWriter);
            xmlWriter.write(document);
            xmlWriter.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            System.out.println(e.getMessage());
        }


    }

    //解析XML文件
    @Override
    public void parseXml(String fileName) {
        File inputXml = new File(fileName);
        SAXReader saxReader = new SAXReader();

        try {
            Document document = saxReader.read(inputXml);
            Element employees = document.getRootElement();
            for(Iterator i = employees.elementIterator(); i.hasNext();) {
                Element employee = (Element) i.next();
                for(Iterator j = employee.elementIterator(); j.hasNext();) {
                    Element node = (Element) j.next();
                    System.out.println(node.getName()+":"+node.getText());
                }
            }
        } catch (DocumentException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }

}

JDOM生成和解析XML ：20-80原则，极大减少了代码量。使用场合：要实现的功能简单，如解析、创建等，但在底层，JDOM还是使用SAX（最常用）、DOM、Xanan文档。

jdom-1.0.jar

package iotest;

import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;

import org.jdom.Document;
import org.jdom.Element;
import org.jdom.JDOMException;
import org.jdom.input.SAXBuilder;
import org.jdom.output.XMLOutputter;

/**
 * 用JDOM生成与解析XML文档
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
public class JdomDemo implements XmlDocument{



    //创建xml文件
    @Override
    public void createXml(String fileName) {
        Document document;
        Element root;
        root = new Element("employees");
        document = new Document(root);
        Element employee  = new Element("employee");
        root.addContent(employee);
        Element name = new Element("name");
        name.setText("feifei");
        employee.addContent(name);
        Element sex = new Element("sex");
        sex.setText("woman");
        employee.addContent(sex);
        Element age = new Element("age");
        age.setText("21");
        employee.addContent(age);

        XMLOutputter XMLOut = new XMLOutputter();

        try {
            XMLOut.output(document, new FileOutputStream(fileName));
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    //解析xml文件
    @Override
    public void parseXml(String fileName) {
        SAXBuilder builder = new SAXBuilder(false);

        try {
            Document document = builder.build(fileName);
            Element rootElement = document.getRootElement();    
            System.out.println(rootElement.getName());
            List<Element> rootList  = rootElement.getChildren("employee");
            for(Element element : rootList) {
                System.out.println(element.getName());//如果有子节点姐返回空字符串
                List<Element> nodeElement = element.getChildren();
                for(Element ele : nodeElement) {
                    System.out.println(ele.getName()+":"+ele.getText());
                }
            }
        } catch (JDOMException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }

}

测试类：

package iotest;

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //第一种：用dom解析xml文件
        /*DomDemo domDemo = new DomDemo();
        domDemo.init();
        domDemo.createXml("F:\\domDemo.xml");
        domDemo.parseXml("F:\\domDemo.xml");*/

        //第二种：用sax解析xml文件
        /*SaxDemo saxDom = new SaxDemo();
        saxDom.createXml("F:\\domDemo.xml");//此方法无法创建xml文件
        saxDom.parseXml("F:\\domDemo.xml");*/

        //第三种：用DOM4J生成和解析XML文档
        /*Dom4jDemo dom4jDemo = new Dom4jDemo();
        dom4jDemo.createXml("F:\\domDemo.xml");
        dom4jDemo.parseXml("F:\\domDemo.xml");*/

        //第四种：用JDOM生成和解析XML文档
        JdomDemo jdomDemo = new JdomDemo();
        jdomDemo.createXml("F:\\domDemo.xml");
        jdomDemo.parseXml("F:\\domDemo.xml");






    }

}

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mili_dou

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[知了堂学习笔记]IO扩展_解析xml文件

文章来自： https://www.cnblogs.com/jasonHome/p/5647108.htmljava解析XML文件的四种方法假设有xml文件内容和结构如下：employees>employee>name>feifeiname>sex>womansex>age>21age>employee>employees>建立XML文件建立与解析接口：
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