Vue: vue-router路由
测试
1.先删除没有用的东西
2.components目录下存放我们自己编写的组件
3.定义一个Content.vue的组件
<template>
<h1>内容页</h1>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name: "Content"
}
</script>
<style scoped>
</style>
4.安装路由,在src目录下,新建一个文件夹:router,专门存放路由
import Vue from 'vue'
//导入路由插件
import VueRouter from "vue-router";
//导入上面定义的组件
import Content from "../components/Content";
import Main from "../components/Main";
//安装路由
Vue.use(VueRouter);
//配置导出路由
export default new VueRouter({
routes:[
{
//路由路径
path:'/content',
name:'content',
//跳转的组件
component: Content
},
{
//路由路径
path:'/main',
//路由名称
name:'main',
//跳转的组件
component: Main
}
]
});
5.在main.js中配置路由
import Vue from 'vue'
import App from './App'
import router from './router' //自动扫描里面的路由配置
//来关闭生产模式下给出的提示
Vue.config.productionTip = false;
new Vue({
el: '#app',
//配置路由 然后由index里面去配
router,
components: { App },
template: '<App/>'
})
6.App.vue中使用路由
<template>
<div id="app">
<h1>Vue-Router</h1>
<!-- router-link:控制路由 router-view:控制页面展示 -->
<router-link to="/main">首页</router-link>
<router-link to="/content">内容页</router-link>
<router-view></router-view>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name: 'App'
}
</script>
<style>
#app {
font-family: 'Avenir', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
-moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
text-align: center;
color: #2c3e50;
margin-top: 60px;
}
</style>
Vue: 实战快速上手
创建工程
注意: 命令行都要使用管理员模式运行
1.创建一个名为hello-vue的工程 vue init webpack hello-vue
2.安装依赖,我们需要安装vue-router、element-ui、sass-loader和node-sass四个插件。
# 进入工程目录
cd hello-vue
# 安装 vue-router
npm install vue-router --save-dev
#安装 element-ui -s
npm i element-ui -s
# 安装依赖
npm install
# 安装SASS加载器
cnpm install sass-loader node-sass --save-dev
# 启动测试
npm run dev
3.npm命令解释:
- npm install moduleName:安装模块到项目目录下
- npm install -g moduleName: -g的意思是将模块安装到全局,具体安装到磁盘哪个位置,要看npm config prefix是位置。
- npm install -save moduleName: --save的意思是将模块安装到项目目录下,并在package文件的dependencies节点写入依赖, -S为该命令的缩写
- npm install -save-dev moduleName: --save-dev的意思是将模块安装到项目目录下,并在package文件的devDependencies节点写入依赖,-D为该命令的缩写。
操作流程的图片展示:
views
Login.vue
<template>
<div>
<el-form ref="loginForm" :model="form" :rules="rules" label-width="80px" class="login-box">
<h3 class="login-title">欢迎登录</h3>
<el-form-item label="账号" prop="username">
<el-input type="text" placeholder="请输入账号" v-model="form.username"/>
</el-form-item>
<el-form-item label="密码" prop="password">
<el-input type="password" placeholder="请输入密码" v-model="form.password"/>
</el-form-item>
<el-form-item>
<el-button type="primary" v-on:click="onSubmit('loginForm')">登录</el-button>
</el-form-item>
</el-form>
<el-dialog
title="温馨提示"
:visible.sync="dialogVisible"
width="30%"
:before-close="handleClose">
<span>请输入账号和密码</span>
<span slot="footer" class="dialog-footer">
<el-button type="primary" @click="dialogVisible = false">确 定</el-button>
</span>
</el-dialog>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name: "Login",
data() {
return {
form: {
username: '',
password: ''
},
// 表单验证,需要在 el-form-item 元素中增加 prop 属性
rules: {
username: [
{required: true, message: '账号不可为空', trigger: 'blur'}
],
password: [
{required: true, message: '密码不可为空', trigger: 'blur'}
]
},
// 对话框显示和隐藏
dialogVisible: false
}
},
methods: {
onSubmit(formName) {
// 为表单绑定验证功能
this.$refs[formName].validate((valid) => {
if (valid) {
// 使用 vue-router 路由到指定页面,该方式称之为编程式导航
this.$router.push("/main");
} else {
this.dialogVisible = true;
return false;
}
});
}
}
}
</script>
<style lang="scss" scoped>
.login-box {
border: 1px solid #DCDFE6;
width: 350px;
margin: 180px auto;
padding: 35px 35px 15px 35px;
border-radius: 5px;
-webkit-border-radius: 5px;
-moz-border-radius: 5px;
box-shadow: 0 0 25px #909399;
}
.login-title {
text-align: center;
margin: 0 auto 40px auto;
color: #303133;
}
</style>
Main.vue
<template>
<h1>首页</h1>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name: "Main"
}
</script>
<style scoped>
</style>
App.vue
<template>
<div id="app">
<router-view></router-view>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name: 'App'
}
</script>
main.js
import Vue from 'vue'
import App from './App'
import router from './router'
import ElementUI from 'element-ui';
import 'element-ui/lib/theme-chalk/index.css';
//把路由配到main.js里面 一般用大写表示组件
Vue.use(router);
Vue.use(ElementUI);
new Vue({
el: '#app',
router,
render: h => h(App) //ElementUI 配的
});
router
index.js
import Vue from 'vue'
import Router from 'vue-router'
import Main from '../views/Main'
import Login from '../views/Login'
Vue.use(Router);
export default new Router({
routes:[
{
path:'/main',
component:Main
},
{
path:'/login',
component:Login
}
]
})
运行出现这些错误时要降低版本 :docifyModule build failed: Error: Node Sass version 5.0.0 is incompatible with ^4.0.0.
TypeError: this.getOptions is not a function
然后按照下面的操作进行:这个是在IDEA的Terminal中运行的
嵌套路由
嵌套路由又称子路由,在实际应用中,通常由多层嵌套的组件组合而成、同样的,URL中各段动态路径也按某种结构对应嵌套的各层组件,例如:
Main.vue
<template>
<div>
<el-container>
<el-aside width="200px">
<el-menu :default-openeds="['1']">
<el-submenu index="1">
<template slot="title"><i class="el-icon-caret-right"></i>用户管理</template>
<el-menu-item-group>
<el-menu-item index="1-1">
<!--插入的地方-->
<router-link to="/user/profile">个人信息</router-link>
</el-menu-item>
<el-menu-item index="1-2">
<!--插入的地方-->
<router-link to="/user/list">用户列表</router-link>
</el-menu-item>
</el-menu-item-group>
</el-submenu>
<el-submenu index="2">
<template slot="title"><i class="el-icon-caret-right"></i>内容管理</template>
<el-menu-item-group>
<el-menu-item index="2-1">分类管理</el-menu-item>
<el-menu-item index="2-2">内容列表</el-menu-item>
</el-menu-item-group>
</el-submenu>
<el-submenu index="3">
<template slot="title"><i class="el-icon-caret-right"></i>系统管理</template>
<el-menu-item-group>
<el-menu-item index="3-1">用户设置</el-menu-item>
<el-menu-item index="3-2">用户修改</el-menu-item>
</el-menu-item-group>
</el-submenu>
</el-menu>
</el-aside>
<el-container>
<!-- 顶部栏-->
<el-header style="text-align: right; font-size: 12px">
<el-dropdown>
<i class="el-icon-setting" style="margin-right: 15px"></i>
<el-dropdown-menu slot="dropdown">
<el-dropdown-item>个人信息</el-dropdown-item>
<el-dropdown-item>退出登录</el-dropdown-item>
</el-dropdown-menu>
</el-dropdown>
</el-header>
<el-main>
<!--在这里展示视图-->
<router-view />
</el-main>
</el-container>
</el-container>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name: "Main"
}
</script>
<style scoped lang="scss">
.el-header {
background-color: #2e78db;
color: #5f0f0f;
line-height: 60px;
}
.el-aside {
color: #6f1313;
}
</style>
views user
List.vue
<template>
<h1>用户列表</h1>
</template>
<script>
export default {
//这里的name 不一定要和创建的一致 只是改了之后调用改的名字而已
name: "UserList"
}
</script>
<style scoped>
</style>
Profile.vue
<template>
<h1>个人信息页</h1>
</template>
<script>
export default {
//这里的name 不一定要和创建的一致 只是改了之后调用改的名字而已
name: "UserProfile"
}
</script>
<style scoped>
</style>
index.js
import Vue from "vue";
import Router from "vue-router";
import Main from "../views/Main";
import Login from "../views/Login";
import UserList from "../views/user/List";
import UserProfile from "../views/user/Profile";
Vue.use(Router);
export default new Router({
routes: [
{
path: '/main',
component: Main,
//路由嵌套
children: [
{path: '/user/profile',component: UserProfile},
{path: '/user/list',component: UserList}
]
},
{
path: '/login',
component: Login
}
]
});
参数传递:
Main.vue
<el-menu-item index="1-1">
<!--name:传组件名 通过params去传参 需要通过v-bind去绑定 传参数需要对象 用v-bind绑定 简写是 :-->
<router-link :to="{name:'UserProfile', params:{id: 1}}">个人信息</router-link>
</el-menu-item>
Profile.vue
第一种方式
<template>
<!-- 所有的元素,不能直接在根节点下创建 需要用div套起来-->
<div>
<h1>个人信息页</h1>
{{$route.params.id}}
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
//这里的name 不一定要和创建的一致 只是改了之后调用改的名字而已
name: "UserProfile"
}
</script>
<style scoped>
</style>
index.js
import Vue from "vue";
import Router from "vue-router";
import Main from "../views/Main";
import Login from "../views/Login";
import UserList from "../views/user/List";
import UserProfile from "../views/user/Profile";
Vue.use(Router);
export default new Router({
routes: [
{
path: '/main',
component: Main,
//路由嵌套
children: [
{
//通过:id去取 要保证这里的name 与Main.vue里面的name是一致的
path: '/user/profile/:id',
name:'UserProfile',
component: UserProfile
},
{path: '/user/list',component: UserList}
]
},
{
path: '/login',
component: Login
}
]
});
第二种方式:
<template>
<!-- 所有的元素,不能直接在根节点下创建 需要用div套起来-->
<div>
<h1>个人信息页</h1>
{{id}}
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
//这里的name 不一定要和创建的一致 只是改了之后调用改的名字而已
props:['id'],
name: "UserProfile"
}
</script>
<style scoped>
</style>
index.js
import Vue from "vue";
import Router from "vue-router";
import Main from "../views/Main";
import Login from "../views/Login";
import UserList from "../views/user/List";
import UserProfile from "../views/user/Profile";
Vue.use(Router);
export default new Router({
routes: [
{
path: '/main',
component: Main,
//路由嵌套
children: [
{
//通过:id去取 要保证这里的name 与Main.vue里面的name是一致的
path: '/user/profile/:id',
name:'UserProfile',
component: UserProfile,
props: true},
{path: '/user/list',component: UserList}
]
},
{
path: '/login',
component: Login
}
]
});
重定向
index.js
import Vue from "vue";
import Router from "vue-router";
import Main from "../views/Main";
import Login from "../views/Login";
import UserList from "../views/user/List";
import UserProfile from "../views/user/Profile";
Vue.use(Router);
export default new Router({
routes: [
{
path: '/main',
component: Main,
//路由嵌套
children: [
{
//通过:id去取 要保证这里的name 与Main.vue里面的name是一致的
path: '/user/profile/:id',
name:'UserProfile',
component: UserProfile,
props: true},
{path: '/user/list',component: UserList}
]
},
{
path: '/login',
component: Login
},{
//重定向
path:'/goHome',
redirect:'/main'
}
]
});
Main.vue在main中添加这句代码:
<el-menu-item index="1-3">
<router-link to="/goHome">回到首页</router-link>
</el-menu-item>
完整的Main.vue代码
<template>
<div>
<el-container>
<el-aside width="200px">
<el-menu :default-openeds="['1']">
<el-submenu index="1">
<template slot="title"><i class="el-icon-caret-right"></i>用户管理</template>
<el-menu-item-group>
<el-menu-item index="1-1">
<!--name:传组件名 通过params去传参 需要通过v-bind去绑定 传参数需要对象 用v-bind绑定 简写是 :-->
<router-link :to="{name:'UserProfile', params:{id: 1}}">个人信息</router-link>
</el-menu-item>
<el-menu-item index="1-2">
<!--插入的地方-->
<router-link to="/user/list">用户列表</router-link>
</el-menu-item>
<el-menu-item index="1-3">
<router-link to="/goHome">回到首页</router-link>
</el-menu-item>
</el-menu-item-group>
</el-submenu>
<el-submenu index="2">
<template slot="title"><i class="el-icon-caret-right"></i>内容管理</template>
<el-menu-item-group>
<el-menu-item index="2-1">分类管理</el-menu-item>
<el-menu-item index="2-2">内容列表</el-menu-item>
</el-menu-item-group>
</el-submenu>
<el-submenu index="3">
<template slot="title"><i class="el-icon-caret-right"></i>系统管理</template>
<el-menu-item-group>
<el-menu-item index="3-1">用户设置</el-menu-item>
<el-menu-item index="3-2">用户修改</el-menu-item>
</el-menu-item-group>
</el-submenu>
</el-menu>
</el-aside>
<el-container>
<!-- 顶部栏-->
<el-header style="text-align: right; font-size: 12px">
<el-dropdown>
<i class="el-icon-setting" style="margin-right: 15px"></i>
<el-dropdown-menu slot="dropdown">
<el-dropdown-item>个人信息</el-dropdown-item>
<el-dropdown-item>退出登录</el-dropdown-item>
</el-dropdown-menu>
</el-dropdown>
</el-header>
<el-main>
<!--在这里展示视图-->
<router-view />
</el-main>
</el-container>
</el-container>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name: "Main"
}
</script>
<style scoped lang="scss">
.el-header {
background-color: #2e78db;
color: #5f0f0f;
line-height: 60px;
}
.el-aside {
color: #6f1313;
}
</style>
路由模式与404
路由模式有两种
- hash:路径带#符号,如http://localhost/#/login
- history:路径不带#符号,如http://localhost/login
修改路由配置,代码如下:
export default new Router({
mode:'history',
routes:[
]
})
index.js
import Vue from "vue";
import Router from "vue-router";
import Main from "../views/Main";
import Login from "../views/Login";
import UserList from "../views/user/List";
import UserProfile from "../views/user/Profile";
Vue.use(Router);
export default new Router({
mode:'history',
routes: [
{
path: '/main/:name',
component: Main,
//props拿到参数
props:true,
//路由嵌套
children: [
{
//通过:id去取 要保证这里的name 与Main.vue里面的name是一致的
path: '/user/profile/:id',
name:'UserProfile',
component: UserProfile,
props: true},
{path: '/user/list',component: UserList}
]
},
{
path: '/login',
component: Login
},{
path:'/goHome',
redirect:'/main'
}
]
});
Login.vue
methods: {
onSubmit(formName) {
// 为表单绑定验证功能
this.$refs[formName].validate((valid) => {
if (valid) {
// 使用 vue-router 路由到指定页面,该方式称之为编程式导航
this.$router.push("/main/" + this.form.username);
} else {
this.dialogVisible = true;
return false;
}
});
}
}
Main.vue
<el-container>
<!-- 顶部栏-->
<el-header style="text-align: right; font-size: 12px">
<el-dropdown>
<i class="el-icon-setting" style="margin-right: 15px"></i>
<el-dropdown-menu slot="dropdown">
<el-dropdown-item>个人信息</el-dropdown-item>
<el-dropdown-item>退出登录</el-dropdown-item>
</el-dropdown-menu>
</el-dropdown>
</el-header>
<span>{{name}}</span>
<el-main>
<!--在这里展示视图-->
<router-view />
</el-main>
</el-container>
</el-container>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
props:['name'],
name: "Main"
}
</script>
404
NotFound.vue
<template>
<div>
<h1>404,你的页面走丢了</h1>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name: "NotFound"
}
</script>
<style scoped>
</style>
index.js
import Vue from "vue";
import Router from "vue-router";
import Main from "../views/Main";
import Login from "../views/Login";
import UserList from "../views/user/List";
import UserProfile from "../views/user/Profile";
import NotFound from '../views/NotFound'
Vue.use(Router);
export default new Router({
mode:'history',
routes: [
{
path: '/main/:name',
component: Main,
//props拿到参数
props:true,
//路由嵌套
children: [
{
//通过:id去取 要保证这里的name 与Main.vue里面的name是一致的
path: '/user/profile/:id',
name:'UserProfile',
component: UserProfile,
props: true},
{path: '/user/list',component: UserList}
]
},
{
path: '/login',
component: Login
},{
path:'/goHome',
redirect:'/main'
},
{
path:'*',
component:NotFound
}
]
});
路由钩子与异步请求
beforeRouteEnter:在进入路由前执行
beforeRouterLeave:在离开路由前执行
Profile.vue
<template>
<!-- 所有的元素,不能直接在根节点下创建 需要用div套起来-->
<div>
<h1>个人信息页</h1>
{{id}}
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
//这里的name 不一定要和创建的一致 只是改了之后调用改的名字而已
props:['id'],
name: "UserProfile",
//过滤器 to:相当于request from:相当于response next相当于chain
beforeRouteEnter:(to,from,next)=>{
console.log("进入路由之前");
next();
},
beforeRouteLeave:(to,from,next)=>{
console.log("进入路由之后");
next();
}
}
</script>
<style scoped>
</style>
index.js里面也做了相应的修改
import Vue from "vue";
import Router from "vue-router";
import Main from "../views/Main";
import Login from "../views/Login";
import UserList from "../views/user/List";
import UserProfile from "../views/user/Profile";
import NotFound from '../views/NotFound'
Vue.use(Router);
export default new Router({
mode:'history',
routes: [
{
path: '/main',
component: Main,
//props拿到参数
props:true,
//路由嵌套
children: [
{
//通过:id去取 要保证这里的name 与Main.vue里面的name是一致的
path: '/user/profile/:id',
name:'UserProfile',
component: UserProfile,
props: true},
{path: '/user/list',component: UserList}
]
},
{
path: '/login',
component: Login
},{
path:'/goHome',
redirect:'/main'
},
{
path:'*',
component:NotFound
}
]
});
Main.vue里面也做了相应的修改
<template>
<div>
<el-container>
<el-aside width="200px">
<el-menu :default-openeds="['1']">
<el-submenu index="1">
<template slot="title"><i class="el-icon-caret-right"></i>用户管理</template>
<el-menu-item-group>
<el-menu-item index="1-1">
<!--name:传组件名 通过params去传参 需要通过v-bind去绑定 传参数需要对象 用v-bind绑定 简写是 :-->
<router-link :to="{name:'UserProfile', params:{id: 1}}">个人信息</router-link>
</el-menu-item>
<el-menu-item index="1-2">
<!--插入的地方-->
<router-link to="/user/list">用户列表</router-link>
</el-menu-item>
<el-menu-item index="1-3">
<router-link to="/goHome">回到首页</router-link>
</el-menu-item>
</el-menu-item-group>
</el-submenu>
<el-submenu index="2">
<template slot="title"><i class="el-icon-caret-right"></i>内容管理</template>
<el-menu-item-group>
<el-menu-item index="2-1">分类管理</el-menu-item>
<el-menu-item index="2-2">内容列表</el-menu-item>
</el-menu-item-group>
</el-submenu>
<el-submenu index="3">
<template slot="title"><i class="el-icon-caret-right"></i>系统管理</template>
<el-menu-item-group>
<el-menu-item index="3-1">用户设置</el-menu-item>
<el-menu-item index="3-2">用户修改</el-menu-item>
</el-menu-item-group>
</el-submenu>
</el-menu>
</el-aside>
<el-container>
<!-- 顶部栏-->
<el-header style="text-align: right; font-size: 12px">
<el-dropdown>
<i class="el-icon-setting" style="margin-right: 15px"></i>
<el-dropdown-menu slot="dropdown">
<el-dropdown-item>个人信息</el-dropdown-item>
<el-dropdown-item>退出登录</el-dropdown-item>
</el-dropdown-menu>
</el-dropdown>
</el-header>
<el-main>
<!--在这里展示视图-->
<router-view />
</el-main>
</el-container>
</el-container>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name: "Main"
}
</script>
<style scoped lang="scss">
.el-header {
background-color: #2e78db;
color: #5f0f0f;
line-height: 60px;
}
.el-aside {
color: #6f1313;
}
</style>
参数说明
- to:路由将要跳转的路径信息
- from:路径跳转前的路径信息
- next:路由的控制参数
- next()跳入下一个页面
- next(’/path’)改变路由的跳转方向,使其跳到另一个路由
- next(false)返回到原来的页面
- next((vm)=>{})仅在beforeRouterEnter中可用,vm是组件实例
在钩子函数中使用异步请求
1.安装Axios cnpm install axios -s
2.在main.js中引用Axios
import axios from 'axios'
Vue.prototype.axios = axios;
3.准备数据:只有我们的static目录下的文件是可以被访问到的,所以我们就把静态文件放入该目录下。
//静态数据存放的位置
static/mock/data.json
出现这个错误的解决方法:webpack-dev-server --inline --progress --config build/webpack.dev.conf.js
单独重装 webpack-dev-server模块
-
npm uninstall webpack-dev-server
-
npm install webpack-dev-server@2.9.1
-
npm run dev
如果axios没有安装成功 那么 不断的尝试cnpm install axios -s或者npm install --save axios vue-axios然后它就突然成功了不知道什么原因
Profile.vue
<template>
<!-- 所有的元素,不能直接在根节点下创建 需要用div套起来-->
<div>
<h1>个人信息页</h1>
{{id}}
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
//这里的name 不一定要和创建的一致 只是改了之后调用改的名字而已
props:['id'],
name: "UserProfile",
//过滤器 to:相当于request from:相当于response next相当于chain
beforeRouteEnter:(to,from,next)=>{
console.log("进入路由之前");//加载数据
next(vm => {
vm.getData();//进入路由之前去执行这个getData()方法
});
},
beforeRouteLeave:(to,from,next)=>{
console.log("进入路由之后");
next();
},
methods:{
getData:function () {
this.axios({
method:'get',
url:'http://localhost:8080/static/mock/data.json'
}).then(function (response) {
console.log(response)
})
}
}
}
</script>
<style scoped>
</style>
main.js
import Vue from 'vue'
import App from './App'
import router from './router'
import ElementUI from 'element-ui';
import 'element-ui/lib/theme-chalk/index.css';
//cnpm: 有可能安装失败 使用npm试试
import axios from 'axios';
import VueAxios from 'vue-axios'
//把路由配到main.js里面 一般用大写表示组件
Vue.use(VueAxios, axios);
Vue.use(router);
Vue.use(ElementUI);
new Vue({
el: '#app',
router,
render: h => h(App) //ElementUI 配的
});
import Vue from 'vue'
import App from './App'
import router from './router'
import ElementUI from 'element-ui';
import 'element-ui/lib/theme-chalk/index.css';
//cnpm: 有可能安装失败 使用npm试试
import axios from 'axios';
import VueAxios from 'vue-axios'
//把路由配到main.js里面 一般用大写表示组件
Vue.use(VueAxios, axios);
Vue.use(router);
Vue.use(ElementUI);
new Vue({
el: '#app',
router,
render: h => h(App) //ElementUI 配的
});
data.json
{
"name": "狂神说JAVA",
"url": "https://blog.kuangstudy.com",
"page": 1,
"isNoProfit": true,
"address": {
"street": "含光门",
"city": "陕西西安",
"country": "中国"
},
"links": [
{
"name": "bilibili",
"url": "https://space.bilibili.com/95256449"
},
{
"name": "狂神说JAVA",
"url": "https://blog.kuangstudy.com"
},
{
"name": "百度",
"url": "https://www.baidu.com/"
}
]
}