JavaScript正则

正则匹配

Alphanumeric character	Itself
\0	The NUL character(\u000)
\t	Tab(\u009)
\n	Newline
\v	Vertical tab
\f	Form feed
\r	Carriage return
\xnn	The Latin character
\uxxxx	The Unicode character
\cX	The control character
[...]	Any one character between the brackets
[^...]	Any one character not between the brackets
.	Any character except newline or another unicode new line terminator
\w	Any ASCII word character [a-zA-Z0-9]
\W	Any character that is not an ASCII word character
\s	Any Unicode whitespace character
\S	Any character that is not Unicode whitespace
\d	Any ASCII digit. Equivalent to [0-9].
\D	Any character other than an ASCII digit
[\b]	A literal backspace (special case)

{n,m}	Match the previous item at least n times but no more thanm times.
{n,}	Match the previous item n or more times.
{n}	Match exactly n occurrences of the previous item.
?	Match zero or one occurrences of the previous item. That is, the previous item is optional. Equivalent to{0,1}.
+	Match one or more occurrences of the previous item. Equivalent to{1,}.
*	Match zero or more occurrences of the previous item. Equivalent to{0,}.

1. search  replace match split

 

Strings support fourmethods that make use of regular expressions. The simplest is search( ). Thismethod takes a regular expression argument and returns either the characterposition of the start of the first matching substring, or -1 if there is no match.For example, the following call returns 4:

"JavaScript".search(/script/i);

var quote =/"([^"]*)"/g;

// Replace thestraight quotation marks with "curly quotes,"

// and leave thecontents of the quote (stored in $1) unchanged.

text.replace(quote,"``$1''");

 

"1 plus 2 equals3".match(/\d+/g)  // returns["1", "2", "3"]

 

"123,456,789".split(",");  // Returns["123","456","789"]

The split( ) methodcan also take a regular expression as its argument. This ability makes themethod more powerful. For example, we can now specify a separator characterthat allows an arbitrary amount of whitespace on either side:

"1,2, 3 , 4,5".split(/\s*,\s*/); // Returns["1","2","3","4","5"]

exec会记录最后搜索的位置，test大部分和exec一样，只是返回值有区别？。

Calling test( ) isequivalent to calling exec( ) and returning true if the return value of exec( )is not null.

 

说明：根据手册，exec只返回匹配结果的第一个值，比如上例如果不用while循环，将只返回'I'（尽管i空格后的love和you都符合表达式），无论re表达式用不用全局标记g。但是如果为正则表达式设置了全局标记g，exec从以 lastIndex 的值指示的位置开始查找。如果没有设置全局标志，exec 忽略 lastIndex的值，从字符串的起始位置开始搜索。利用这个特点可以反复调用exec遍历所有匹配，等价于match具有g标志。

test 方法

返回一个 Boolean值，它指出在被查找的字符串中是否匹配给出的正则表达式。

 

Unlike the match( )method, exec( ) returns the same kind of array whether or not the regularexpression has the global g flag. Recall that match( ) returns an array ofmatches when passed a global regular expression. exec( ), by contrast, alwaysreturns a single match and provides complete information about that match. Whenexec( ) is called for a regular expression that has the g flag, it sets thelastIndex property of the regular expression object to the character positionimmediately following the matched substring. When exec( ) is invoked a secondtime for the same regular expression, it begins its search at the characterposition indicated by the lastIndex property. If exec( ) does not find a match,it resets lastIndex to 0. (You can also set lastIndex to 0 at any time, whichyou should do whenever you quit a search before you find the last match in onestring and begin searching another string with the same RegExp object.) Thisspecial behavior allows us to call exec( ) repeatedly in order to loop throughall the regular expression matches in a string. For example:

 

var pattern =/Java/g;

var text ="JavaScript is more fun than Java!";

var result;

while((result =pattern.exec(text)) != null) {

    alert("Matched `" + result[0] +"'" +

        " at position " +result.index +

        "; next search begins at " +pattern.lastIndex);

}