Java实现复杂邮件发送(支持附件、支持多收件人、多抄送人、多密送人)

实际开发中电子邮件的应用非常广泛，比如注册激活邮件，邮件找回密码，自动批量发送活动信息等。本文介绍如何通过 Java 代码来创建支持附件、支持多收件人、多抄送人、多密送人的复杂电子邮件，并连接邮件服务器发送邮件。

电子邮件协议
常用的电子邮件协议包括 SMTP，POP3，IMAP，其中邮件的创建和发送只需要用到 SMTP协议，所以代码也只涉SMTP协议，SMTP 是 Simple Mail Transfer Protocol 的简称，即简单邮件传输协议。
JavaMail
Java 官方也提供了对电子邮件协议封装的 Java 类库JavaMail，自行官网下载。

mvn项目的话，添加依赖如下：

<!-- JavaMail邮件发送 -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>javax.mail</groupId>
    <artifactId>mail</artifactId>
    <version>1.5.0-b01</version>
</dependency>

创建一封电子邮件的步骤:
1. 创建一个邮件对象（MimeMessage）并链接到邮件服务器；
2. 设置发件人、收件人(可多个收件人、抄送人、密送人)、邮件的主题（标题）、正文（内容）、显示的发送时间；
3. 发送。

准备工作：

发送邮件首先需要有一个邮箱账号和密码，本文以qq邮箱为例，邮箱账号必须要开启 SMTP 服务，在浏览器网页登录邮箱后一般在邮箱的“设置”选项中可以开启，并记下授权码，如下所示（其他邮箱大同小异）:

实现代码如下：

实体类EmailBean.java：

package com.liberal.common.bean.email;

import com.liberal.common.bean.email.EmailUser;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * @author weny.yang
 * @ClassName: EmailBean
 * @Description:邮件实体
 * @date Nov 2, 2020
 */
public class EmailBean {

    private String smtpHost;// 发件人邮箱的 SMTP 服务器地址
    private EmailUser fromUser;// 发件人
    private List<EmailUser> recipientType_TO;//(必填) 收件人，可以配置多个
    private List<EmailUser> recipientType_CC;//(可选) 抄送人，可以配置多个
    private List<EmailUser> recipientType_BCC;//(可选) 密送人，可以配置多个,其他人无法知道密送人收到邮件
    private String emailTitle;// 邮件主题
    private String emailContent;// 邮件内容
    private List<String> annexPaths;// 附件路径


    public EmailBean() {
        super();
    }

    public EmailBean(String smtpHost, EmailUser fromUser, List<EmailUser> recipientType_TO, List<EmailUser> recipientType_CC,
                     List<EmailUser> recipientType_BCC, String emailTitle, String emailContent, List<String> annexPaths) {
        super();
        this.smtpHost = smtpHost;
        this.fromUser = fromUser;
        this.recipientType_TO = recipientType_TO;
        this.recipientType_CC = recipientType_CC;
        this.recipientType_BCC = recipientType_BCC;
        this.emailTitle = emailTitle;
        this.emailContent = emailContent;
        this.annexPaths = annexPaths;
    }

    public String getSmtpHost() {
        return smtpHost;
    }

    public void setSmtpHost(String smtpHost) {
        this.smtpHost = smtpHost;
    }

    public EmailUser getFromUser() {
        return fromUser;
    }

    public void setFromUser(EmailUser fromUser) {
        this.fromUser = fromUser;
    }

    public List<EmailUser> getRecipientType_TO() {
        return recipientType_TO;
    }

    public void setRecipientType_TO(List<EmailUser> recipientType_TO) {
        this.recipientType_TO = recipientType_TO;
    }

    public List<EmailUser> getRecipientType_CC() {
        return recipientType_CC;
    }

    public void setRecipientType_CC(List<EmailUser> recipientType_CC) {
        this.recipientType_CC = recipientType_CC;
    }

    public List<EmailUser> getRecipientType_BCC() {
        return recipientType_BCC;
    }

    public void setRecipientType_BCC(List<EmailUser> recipientType_BCC) {
        this.recipientType_BCC = recipientType_BCC;
    }

    public String getEmailTitle() {
        return emailTitle;
    }

    public void setEmailTitle(String emailTitle) {
        this.emailTitle = emailTitle;
    }

    public String getEmailContent() {
        return emailContent;
    }

    public void setEmailContent(String emailContent) {
        this.emailContent = emailContent;
    }

    public List<String> getAnnexPaths() {
        return annexPaths;
    }

    public void setAnnexPaths(List<String> annexPaths) {
        this.annexPaths = annexPaths;
    }


    public String toString() {
        return "{smtpHost=" + smtpHost + ",fromUser=" + fromUser + ",recipientType_TO=" + recipientType_TO
                + ",recipientType_CC=" + recipientType_CC + ",recipientType_BCC=" + recipientType_BCC + ",emailTitle="
                + emailTitle + ",emailContent=" + emailContent + ",annexPaths = " + annexPaths + "}";
    }
}
 

 实体类EmailUser.java：

package com.liberal.common.bean.email;

/**
 * @author weny.yang
 * @ClassName: User
 * @Description:发件人/收件人/抄送人/密送人
 * @date 2020年11月10日
 */
public class EmailUser {
    private String name;// 昵称
    private String address;// 邮箱地址
    private String authCode;// 授权码(发件人需要，收件人/抄送人/密送人不需要)

    /**
     * 构造函数 User.发件人
     */
    public EmailUser(String name, String address, String authCode) {
        super();
        this.name = name;
        this.address = address;
        this.authCode = authCode;
    }

    /**
     * 构造函数 User.收件人/抄送人/密送人
     */
    public EmailUser(String address) {
        super();
        this.address = address;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getAddress() {
        return address;
    }

    public void setAddress(String address) {
        this.address = address;
    }

    public String getAuthCode() {
        return authCode;
    }

    public void setAuthCode(String authCode) {
        this.authCode = authCode;
    }

    public String toString() {
        return "{name=" + name + ",address=" + address + "}";
    }

}

工具类：

package com.liberal.common.utils.email;

import java.io.File;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Properties;

import javax.activation.DataHandler;
import javax.activation.FileDataSource;
import javax.mail.*;
import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeBodyPart;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMultipart;

import com.liberal.common.bean.email.EmailBean;
import com.liberal.common.bean.email.EmailUser;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;

import com.sun.mail.util.MailSSLSocketFactory;

/**
 * @author weny.yang
 * @ClassName: EmailUtil
 * @Description:复杂邮件发送工具，支持附件
 * @date 2020年11月9日
 */
@Slf4j
public class EmailUtil {
    /**
     * @Title: sendEmail
     * @Description:发送复杂邮件
     * @author weny.yang
     */
    public static void sendEmail(EmailBean bean) {
        Transport transport = null;
        try {
            log.info("发送邮件开始[" + bean.getEmailTitle() + "]");
            Properties prop = new Properties();
            prop.setProperty("mail.host", bean.getSmtpHost()); // 邮件服务器
            prop.setProperty("mail.transport.protocol", "smtp"); // 邮件发送协议
            prop.setProperty("mail.smtp.auth", "true"); // 需要验证用户名密码
            // SSL加密
            MailSSLSocketFactory sf = new MailSSLSocketFactory();
            sf.setTrustAllHosts(true);
            prop.put("mail.smtp.ssl.enable", "true");
            prop.put("mail.smtp.ssl.socketFactory", sf);
            // 1、创建应用程序所需的环境会话 session 对象
            Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(prop, new Authenticator() {
                @Override
                protected PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() {
                    // 发件人的邮箱地址和授权码
                    return new PasswordAuthentication(bean.getFromUser().getAddress(), bean.getFromUser().getAuthCode());
                }
            });
            // 2、获取 transport 对象
            transport = session.getTransport();
            // 3、连接邮箱服务器
            transport.connect(bean.getSmtpHost(), bean.getFromUser().getAddress(), bean.getFromUser().getAuthCode());
            // 4、创建复杂邮件
            MimeMessage mimeMessage = creatComplexEmail(session, bean);
            // 5、发送邮件
            transport.sendMessage(mimeMessage, mimeMessage.getAllRecipients());
            log.info("发送邮件完成[" + bean.getEmailTitle() + "]");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("邮件发送异常", e);
        } finally {
            try {
                if (null != transport) {
                    // 6、关闭连接
                    transport.close();
                }
            } catch (MessagingException e) {
                log.error("资源释放异常", e);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * @Title: complexEmail
     * @Description:创建复杂邮件
     * @author weny.yang
     */
    private static MimeMessage creatComplexEmail(Session session, EmailBean bean) throws Exception {
        // 消息信息
        MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(session);

        // 发件人
        message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(bean.getFromUser().getAddress(), bean.getFromUser().getName(), "UTF-8"));
        // 收件人
        List<EmailUser> toList = bean.getRecipientType_TO();
        if (toList != null && toList.size() > 0) {
            for (EmailUser user : toList) {
                message.setRecipient(MimeMessage.RecipientType.TO, new InternetAddress(user.getAddress(), user.getName(), "UTF-8"));
            }
        }
        // 抄送人
        List<EmailUser> ccList = bean.getRecipientType_CC();
        if (ccList != null && ccList.size() > 0) {
            for (EmailUser user : ccList) {
                message.setRecipient(MimeMessage.RecipientType.CC, new InternetAddress(user.getAddress(), user.getName(), "UTF-8"));
            }
        }
        // 密送人
        List<EmailUser> bccList = bean.getRecipientType_BCC();
        if (bccList != null && bccList.size() > 0) {
            for (EmailUser user : bccList) {
                message.setRecipient(MimeMessage.RecipientType.BCC, new InternetAddress(user.getAddress(), user.getName(), "UTF-8"));
            }
        }
        // 邮件标题
        message.setSubject(bean.getEmailTitle());
        // 邮件文本
        MimeBodyPart text = new MimeBodyPart();
        text.setContent(bean.getEmailContent(), "text/html;charset=utf-8");// 支持html标签解析，展示自定义格式
        // 组装邮件
        MimeMultipart allFile = new MimeMultipart();
        // 添加文本
        allFile.addBodyPart(text);
        // 添加附件
        List<String> annexPaths = bean.getAnnexPaths();
        if (annexPaths != null && annexPaths.size() > 0) {
            for (String path : annexPaths) {
                MimeBodyPart appendix = new MimeBodyPart();
                DataHandler dataHandler = new DataHandler(new FileDataSource(path));
                appendix.setDataHandler(dataHandler);
                appendix.setFileName(new File(path).getName());
                allFile.addBodyPart(appendix);//设置附件
            }
        }
        allFile.setSubType("mixed"); //正文和附件都存在邮件中，所有类型设置为mixed
        // 放到Message消息中
        message.setContent(allFile);
        // 显示的发件时间
        message.setSentDate(new Date());
        message.saveChanges();//保存修改
        return message;
    }
}

运行效果：