原地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/loulijun/archive/2011/12/28/2305016.html
话说开发用了各种Adapter之后感觉用的最舒服的还是BaseAdapter,尽管使用起来比其他适配器有些麻烦,但是使用它却能实现很多自己喜欢的列表布局,比如ListView、GridView、Gallery、Spinner等等。它是直接继承自接口类Adapter的,使用BaseAdapter时需要重写很多方法,其中最重要的当属getView,因为这会涉及到ListView优化等问题,其他的方法可以参考链接的文章
BaseAdapter与其他Adapter有些不一样,其他的Adapter可以直接在其构造方法中进行数据的设置,比如
- SimpleAdapter adapter = new SimpleAdapter(this, getData(), R.layout.list_item, new String[]{"img","title","info",new int[]{R.id.img, R.id.title, R.id.info}});
但是在BaseAdapter中需要实现一个继承自BaseAdapter的类,并且重写里面的很多方法,例如
- class MyAdapter extends BaseAdapter
- {
- private Context context;
- public MyAdapter(Context context)
- {
- this.context = context;
- }
- @Override
- public int getCount() {
-
- return 0;
- }
-
- @Override
- public Object getItem(int position) {
-
- return null;
- }
-
- @Override
- public long getItemId(int position) {
-
- return 0;
- }
-
- @Override
- public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
-
- return null;
- }
-
- }
这里面没什么难度,但是这个getView方法必须好好处理,也是最麻烦的
第一种:没有任何处理,不建议这样写。如果数据量少看将就,但是如果列表项数据量很大的时候,会每次都重新创建View,设置资源,严重影响性能,所以从一开始就不要用这种方式
- @Override
- public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
- View item = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.list_item, null);
- ImageView img = (ImageView)item.findViewById(R.id.img)
- TextView title = (TextView)item.findViewById(R.id.title);
- TextView info = (TextView)item.findViewById(R.id.info);
- img.setImageResource(R.drawable.ic_launcher);
- title.setText("Hello");
- info.setText("world");
-
- return item;
- }
第二种ListView优化:通过缓存convertView,这种利用缓存contentView的方式可以判断如果缓存中不存在View才创建View,如果已经存在可以利用缓存中的View,提升了性能
- public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
- if(convertView == null)
- {
- convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.list_item, null);
- }
-
- ImageView img = (ImageView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.img)
- TextView title = (TextView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.title);
- TextView info = (TextView)ConvertView.findViewById(R.id.info);
- img.setImageResource(R.drawable.ic_launcher);
- title.setText("Hello");
- info.setText("world");
-
- return convertView;
- }
第三种ListView优化:通过convertView+ViewHolder来实现,ViewHolder就是一个静态类,使用 ViewHolder 的关键好处是缓存了显示数据的视图(View),加快了 UI 的响应速度。
当我们判断 convertView == null 的时候,如果为空,就会根据设计好的List的Item布局(XML),来为convertView赋值,并生成一个viewHolder来绑定converView里面的各个View控件(XML布局里面的那些控件)。再用convertView的setTag将viewHolder设置到Tag中,以便系统第二次绘制ListView时从Tag中取出。(看下面代码中)
如果convertView不为空的时候,就会直接用convertView的getTag(),来获得一个ViewHolder。
-
- static class ViewHolder
- {
- public ImageView img;
- public TextView title;
- public TextView info;
- }
-
- @Override
- public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
- ViewHolder holder;
- if(convertView == null)
- {
- holder = new ViewHolder();
- convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.list_item, null);
- holder.img = (ImageView)item.findViewById(R.id.img)
- holder.title = (TextView)item.findViewById(R.id.title);
- holder.info = (TextView)item.findViewById(R.id.info);
- convertView.setTag(holder);
- }else
- {
- holder = (ViewHolder)convertView.getTag();
- holder.img.setImageResource(R.drawable.ic_launcher);
- holder.title.setText("Hello");
- holder.info.setText("World");
- }
-
- return convertView;
- }
到这里,可能会有人问ViewHolder静态类结合缓存convertView与直接使用convertView有什么区别吗,是否重复了
在这里,官方给出了解释
提升Adapter的两种方法
To work efficiently the adapter implemented here uses two techniques:
-It reuses the convertView passed to getView() to avoid inflating View when it is not necessary
(译:重用缓存convertView传递给getView()方法来避免填充不必要的视图)
-It uses the ViewHolder pattern to avoid calling findViewById() when it is not necessary
(译:使用ViewHolder模式来避免没有必要的调用findViewById():因为太多的findViewById也会影响性能)
ViewHolder类的作用
-The ViewHolder pattern consists in storing a data structure in the tag of the view
returned by getView().This data structures contains references to the views we want to bind data to,
thus avoiding calling to findViewById() every time getView() is invoked
(译:ViewHolder模式通过getView()方法返回的视图的标签(Tag)中存储一个数据结构,这个数据结构包含了指向我们
要绑定数据的视图的引用,从而避免每次调用getView()的时候调用findViewById())
实例一:用BaseAdapter来自定义ListView布局
main.xml
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
- <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
- android:layout_width="fill_parent"
- android:layout_height="fill_parent"
- android:orientation="vertical" >
-
- <ListView
- android:id="@+id/lv"
- android:layout_width="fill_parent"
- android:layout_height="wrap_content"
- android:fastScrollEnabled="true"
- />
-
- </LinearLayout>
list_item.xml
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
- <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
- android:layout_width="match_parent"
- android:layout_height="match_parent"
- android:orientation="horizontal" >
-
- <ImageView
- android:id="@+id/img"
- android:layout_width="wrap_content"
- android:layout_height="wrap_content"
- />
- <LinearLayout
- android:layout_width="fill_parent"
- android:layout_height="wrap_content"
- android:orientation="vertical"
- >
- <TextView
- android:id="@+id/tv"
- android:layout_width="wrap_content"
- android:layout_height="wrap_content"
- android:textSize="20sp"
- />
- <TextView
- android:id="@+id/info"
- android:layout_width="wrap_content"
- android:layout_height="wrap_content"
- android:textSize="14sp"
- />
- </LinearLayout>
-
-
- </LinearLayout>
Activity
- package com.loulijun.demo17;
-
- import java.util.ArrayList;
- import java.util.HashMap;
- import java.util.List;
- import java.util.Map;
-
- import android.app.Activity;
- import android.content.Context;
- import android.os.Bundle;
- import android.view.LayoutInflater;
- import android.view.View;
- import android.view.ViewGroup;
- import android.widget.BaseAdapter;
- import android.widget.ImageView;
- import android.widget.ListView;
- import android.widget.TextView;
-
- public class Demo17Activity extends Activity {
- private ListView lv;
- private List<Map<String, Object>> data;
- @Override
- public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- setContentView(R.layout.main);
- lv = (ListView)findViewById(R.id.lv);
-
- data = getData();
- MyAdapter adapter = new MyAdapter(this);
- lv.setAdapter(adapter);
- }
-
- private List<Map<String, Object>> getData()
- {
- List<Map<String, Object>> list = new ArrayList<Map<String, Object>>();
- Map<String, Object> map;
- for(int i=0;i<10;i++)
- {
- map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
- map.put("img", R.drawable.ic_launcher);
- map.put("title", "跆拳道");
- map.put("info", "快乐源于生活...");
- list.add(map);
- }
- return list;
- }
-
-
- static class ViewHolder
- {
- public ImageView img;
- public TextView title;
- public TextView info;
- }
-
- public class MyAdapter extends BaseAdapter
- {
- private LayoutInflater mInflater = null;
- private MyAdapter(Context context)
- {
-
- this.mInflater = LayoutInflater.from(context);
- }
-
- @Override
- public int getCount() {
-
-
- return data.size();
- }
-
- @Override
- public Object getItem(int position) {
-
-
- return position;
- }
-
- @Override
- public long getItemId(int position) {
-
-
- return position;
- }
-
-
-
- @Override
- public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
- ViewHolder holder = null;
-
- if(convertView == null)
- {
- holder = new ViewHolder();
-
- convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.list_item, null);
- holder.img = (ImageView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.img);
- holder.title = (TextView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.tv);
- holder.info = (TextView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.info);
-
- convertView.setTag(holder);
- }else
- {
- holder = (ViewHolder)convertView.getTag();
- }
- holder.img.setBackgroundResource((Integer)data.get(position).get("img"));
- holder.title.setText((String)data.get(position).get("title"));
- holder.info.setText((String)data.get(position).get("info"));
-
- return convertView;
- }
-
- }
- }
运行结果如下:
实例二:Gallery上应用BaseAdapter
main.xml
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
- <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
- android:layout_width="fill_parent"
- android:layout_height="fill_parent"
- android:orientation="vertical" >
-
- <ImageView
- android:id="@+id/img"
- android:layout_width="480px"
- android:layout_height="480px"
- android:layout_gravity="center"
- />
- <Gallery
- android:id="@+id/gallery"
- android:layout_width="fill_parent"
- android:layout_height="wrap_content"
- android:spacing="3dp"
- android:layout_gravity="bottom"
- />
-
- </LinearLayout>
Activity:这部分里的getView没有优化,调试了很久还没调通,暂时还是用的最基本的方法。会专门找个时间把Gallery内存泄露的部分写一下,因为图片资源很多的时候会引起out of memory的错误
- package com.loulijun.demo16;
-
- import android.app.Activity;
- import android.content.Context;
- import android.os.Bundle;
- import android.view.View;
- import android.view.ViewGroup;
- import android.widget.AdapterView;
- import android.widget.BaseAdapter;
- import android.widget.Gallery;
- import android.widget.ImageView;
-
- public class Demo16Activity extends Activity {
- private Gallery mGallery;
- private ImageView mImg;
-
- private int[] pics = {
- R.drawable.pic1,
- R.drawable.pic2,
- R.drawable.pic3,
- R.drawable.pic4,
- R.drawable.pic5,
- R.drawable.pic6
- };
- @Override
- public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- setContentView(R.layout.main);
- mImg = (ImageView)findViewById(R.id.img);
- mGallery = (Gallery)findViewById(R.id.gallery);
- MyAdapter adapter = new MyAdapter(this);
- mGallery.setAdapter(adapter);
- mGallery.setOnItemClickListener(new Gallery.OnItemClickListener()
- {
-
- @Override
- public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> adapter, View view, int position,
- long arg3) {
- mImg.setImageResource(pics[position]);
- }
-
- });
- }
-
-
- class MyAdapter extends BaseAdapter
- {
-
- private Context context;
-
-
- public MyAdapter(Context context)
- {
- this.context = context;
- }
- @Override
- public int getCount() {
-
- return pics.length;
- }
-
- @Override
- public Object getItem(int position) {
-
- return position;
- }
-
- @Override
- public long getItemId(int position) {
-
- return position;
- }
-
- @Override
- public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
- ImageView img = new ImageView(context);
- img.setAdjustViewBounds(true);
- img.setImageResource(pics[position]);
- img.setScaleType(ImageView.ScaleType.FIT_XY);
- img.setLayoutParams(new Gallery.LayoutParams(120,120));
-
- return img;
- }
- }
- }
运行效果:原理都是一样,只不过是布局加载的时候会有区别,不过就这个小区别也让人够恼火的了