字典

列表，元组，字符串都是序列，而字典是"映射" “哈希”“散列”“关系数组”

0.创建和访问字典

dict1 = {1:'a',2:'b'}   1为key，a为value

dict1[1] = 'a'

>>> dict2 = dict(((1,'h'),(2,'a'),(3,'p'),(4,'p'),(5,'y')))
>>> dict2

{1: 'h', 2: 'a', 3: 'p', 4: 'p', 5: 'y'}

>>> dict3 = dict(a = 'arm',b = 'beautiful')
>>> dict3
{'a': 'arm', 'b': 'beautiful'}

1.工厂函数：str()  int()  list()  tuple()

>>> dict4 = {}
>>> dict4.fromkeys(range(16),'beautiful')

{0: 'beautiful', 1: 'beautiful', 2: 'beautiful', 3: 'beautiful', 4: 'beautiful', 5: 'beautiful', 6: 'beautiful', 7: 'beautiful', 8: 'beautiful', 9: 'beautiful', 10: 'beautiful', 11: 'beautiful', 12: 'beautiful', 13: 'beautiful', 14: 'beautiful', 15: 'beautiful'}

2.访问字典的方法： values()  keys()  items()

>>> for eachKey in dict4.keys():
print(eachKey)