开发环境
windows桌面版本,使用wsl子系统安装,启动windows子系统Ubuntu命令行;查看docker版本;
dxy@DESKTOP-9RDR780:~$ docker --version Docker version 20.10.7, build f0df350
1、启用启用 buildx 插件
要想使用 buildx
,首先要确保 Docker 版本不低于 19.03
,同时还要通过设置环境变量 DOCKER_CLI_EXPERIMENTAL
来启用。可以通过下面的命令来为当前终端启用 buildx 插件:
export DOCKER_CLI_EXPERIMENTAL=enabled
验证开启:
dxy@DESKTOP-9RDR780:~$ docker buildx version github.com/docker/buildx v0.5.1-docker 11057da37336192bfc57d81e02359ba7ba848e4a
如果在某些系统上设置环境变量 DOCKER_CLI_EXPERIMENTAL
不生效(比如 Arch Linux),你可以选择从源代码编译:
export DOCKER_BUILDKIT=1 docker build --platform=local -o . git://github.com/docker/buildx mkdir -p ~/.docker/cli-plugins && mv buildx ~/.docker/cli-plugins/docker-buildx
2、启用 binfmt_misc
如果你使用的是 Docker 桌面版(MacOS 和 Windows),默认已经启用了
binfmt_misc
,可以跳过这一步。
如果你使用的是 Linux,需要手动启用 binfmt_misc
。大多数 Linux 发行版都很容易启用,不过还有一个更容易的办法,直接运行一个特权容器,容器里面写好了设置脚本:
docker run --rm --privileged docker/binfmt:66f9012c56a8316f9244ffd7622d7c21c1f6f28d
建议将 Linux 内核版本升级到 4.x 以上,特别是 CentOS 用户,你可能会遇到错误。
验证是 binfmt_misc 否开启:
dxy@DESKTOP-9RDR780:~$ ls -al /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/ total 0 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 0 Oct 13 17:10 . dr-xr-xr-x 1 root root 0 Oct 13 17:10 .. -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Oct 13 17:10 WSLInterop -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Oct 13 17:10 qemu-aarch64 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Oct 13 17:10 qemu-arm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Oct 13 17:10 qemu-mips64 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Oct 13 17:10 qemu-mips64el -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Oct 13 17:10 qemu-ppc64le -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Oct 13 17:10 qemu-riscv64 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Oct 13 17:10 qemu-s390x --w------- 1 root root 0 Oct 13 17:10 register -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Oct 13 17:10 status
验证是否启用了相应的处理器:
dxy@DESKTOP-9RDR780:~$ cat /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/qemu-aarch64 enabled interpreter /usr/bin/qemu-aarch64 flags: OCF offset 0 magic 7f454c460201010000000000000000000200b700 mask ffffffffffffff00fffffffffffffffffeffffff
3、从默认的构建器切换到多平台构建器
Docker 默认会使用不支持多 CPU 架构的构建器,我们需要手动切换。
先创建一个新的构建器:
dxy@DESKTOP-9RDR780:~$ docker buildx create --use --name mybuilder mybuilder
启动构建器:
dxy@DESKTOP-9RDR780:~$ docker buildx inspect mybuilder --bootstrap [+] Building 40.1s (1/1) FINISHED => [internal] booting buildkit 39.9s => => pulling image moby/buildkit:buildx-stable-1 38.1s => => creating container buildx_buildkit_mybuilder0 1.8s Name: mybuilder Driver: docker-container Nodes: Name: mybuilder0 Endpoint: unix:///var/run/docker.sock Status: running Platforms: linux/amd64, linux/amd64/v2, linux/amd64/v3, linux/arm64, linux/riscv64, linux/ppc64le, linux/s390x, linux/386, linux/mips64le, linux/mips64, linux/arm/v7, linux/arm/v6
查看当前使用的构建器及构建器支持的 CPU 架构,可以看到支持很多 CPU 架构:
dxy@DESKTOP-9RDR780:~$ docker buildx ls NAME/NODE DRIVER/ENDPOINT STATUS PLATFORMS mybuilder * docker-container mybuilder0 unix:///var/run/docker.sock running linux/amd64, linux/amd64/v2, linux/amd64/v3, linux/arm64, linux/riscv64, linux/ppc64le, linux/s390x, linux/386, linux/mips64le, linux/mips64, linux/arm/v7, linux/arm/v6 desktop-linux protocol not available default docker default default running linux/amd64, linux/arm64, linux/riscv64, linux/ppc64le, linux/s390x, linux/386, linux/arm/v7, linux/arm/v6
4、镜像构建
构建前准备源文件,并编写dockerfile文件:
go代码:
package main import ( "fmt" "runtime" ) func main() { fmt.Printf("Hello, %s!\n", runtime.GOARCH) }
dockerfile:
FROM golang:alpine AS builder RUN mkdir /app ADD . /app/ WORKDIR /app RUN go mod init hello RUN go build -o hello . FROM alpine RUN mkdir /app WORKDIR /app COPY --from=builder /app/hello . CMD ["./hello"]
使用buildx进行交叉编译:
dxy@DESKTOP-9RDR780:~$ sudo docker buildx build -t yangchuansheng/hello-arch --platform=linux/arm64 -o type=docker . [+] Building 47.3s (16/16) FINISHED => [internal] load build definition from Dockerfile 0.0s => => transferring dockerfile: 32B 0.0s => [internal] load .dockerignore 0.0s => => transferring context: 2B 0.0s => [internal] load metadata for docker.io/library/alpine:latest 24.1s => [internal] load metadata for docker.io/library/golang:alpine 24.1s => [internal] load build context 3.2s => => transferring context: 6.33MB 3.1s => [builder 1/6] FROM docker.io/library/golang:alpine@sha256:f3e683657ddf73726b5717c2ff80cdcd9e9efb7d81f77e4948fada9a10dc7257 0.0s => [stage-1 1/4] FROM docker.io/library/alpine@sha256:bc41182d7ef5ffc53a40b044e725193bc10142a1243f395ee852a8d9730fc2ad 0.0s => CACHED [stage-1 2/4] RUN mkdir /app 0.0s => CACHED [stage-1 3/4] WORKDIR /app 0.0s => CACHED [builder 2/6] RUN mkdir /app 0.0s => [builder 3/6] ADD . /app/ 14.4s => [builder 4/6] WORKDIR /app 0.0s => [builder 5/6] RUN go mod init hello 0.7s => [builder 6/6] RUN go build -o hello . 3.7s => [stage-1 4/4] COPY --from=builder /app/hello . 0.0s => exporting to image 0.1s => => exporting layers 0.1s => => writing image sha256:e7a8547f3d0888066f50b6eeaff576571901bbbf2d9ede9b71a290375f4e08d1 0.0s => => naming to docker.io/yangchuansheng/hello-arch
这里构建命令指定了type为docker,将镜像保存在本地;
5、测试多平台镜像
由于之前已经启用了 binfmt_misc
,现在我们就可以运行任何 CPU 架构的 Docker 镜像了,因此可以在本地系统上测试之前生成的 镜像是否有问题。
首先列出每个镜像的 digests
:
dxy@DESKTOP-9RDR780:~$ docker buildx imagetools inspect yangchuansheng/hello-arch Name: docker.io/yangchuansheng/hello-arch:latest MediaType: application/vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.list.v2+json Digest: sha256:ec55f5ece9a12db0c6c367acda8fd1214f50ee502902f97b72f7bff268ebc35a Manifests: Name: docker.io/yangchuansheng/hello-arch:latest@sha256:38e083870044cfde7f23a2eec91e307ec645282e76fd0356a29b32122b11c639 MediaType: application/vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.v2+json Platform: linux/arm/v7 Name: docker.io/yangchuansheng/hello-arch:latest@sha256:de273a2a3ce92a5dc1e6f2d796bb85a81fe1a61f82c4caaf08efed9cf05af66d MediaType: application/vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.v2+json Platform: linux/arm64 Name: docker.io/yangchuansheng/hello-arch:latest@sha256:8b735708d7d30e9cd6eb993449b1047b7229e53fbcebe940217cb36194e9e3a2 MediaType: application/vnd.docker.distribution.manifest.v2+json Platform: linux/amd64
运行每一个镜像并观察输出结果:
dxy@DESKTOP-9RDR780:~$ docker run --rm docker.io/yangchuansheng/hello-arch:latest WARNING: The requested image's platform (linux/arm64) does not match the detected host platform (linux/amd64) and no specific platform was requested Hello, arm64!