WinPcap编程之HTTP协议还原

最新推荐文章于 2021-05-19 05:17:08 发布

dylanlrp

最新推荐文章于 2021-05-19 05:17:08 发布

阅读量3.8k

点赞数 1

分类专栏： WireShark

WireShark 专栏收录该内容

8 篇文章 0 订阅

订阅专栏

今天我们来看看一个小例子，利用前面所学到的WinPcap编程知识来实现一个简单的还原HTTP协议的程序。相信大家对于HTTP协议一定不会陌生，我这里只简单地说一下它的报文格式，即HTTP报文有两种：请求报文和响应报文。为了让大家对于这两种报文有更直观的认识，给大家看两个简单的例子：

下面是一个典型的HTTP请求报文：

GET /somedir/page.html HTTP/1.1
Host:  www.someschool.edu
Connection: close
User-agent: Mozilla/4.0
Accept-language: fr

再看一个HTTP响应报文：

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Connection: close
Date: Thu, 03 Jul 2003 12:00:15 GMT
Server: Apache/1.3.0 (Unix)
Last-Modified: Sun, 6 May 2007 09:23:24 GMT
Content-Length: 6821
Content-Type: text/html

(data data data data data ...)

我们注意到HTTP请求报文中的第一行是以GET打头的，没错，它实际上是HTTP请求的一种方法，类似的还有POST、HEAD等等。一般熟知的大概就是GET和POST了，像Servlet编程中就有doGet和doPost两种提交HTTP请求的方法。而对于HTTP响应报文而言，第一行开头是协议的版本号，如HTTP/1.1，现在普及的也是HTTP/1.1。利用这些我们可以来判断TCP数据报文里是否保存的HTTP数据。

本程序的实现思路有很多种，我采用的是一种最笨拙的方式，即按照判断是否是IP数据包->判断是否是TCP分组->判断是否是HTTP报文的逻辑，最后将HTTP报文的内容打印出来。程序开始前我们需要先定义一些重要协议的包格式，因为WinPcap并没有为我们定义这些东西。

View Code

/*
* define struct of ethernet header , ip address , ip header and tcp header
*/
/* ethernet header */
typedef struct ether_header {
    u_char ether_shost[ETHER_ADDR_LEN]; /* source ethernet address, 8 bytes */
    u_char ether_dhost[ETHER_ADDR_LEN]; /* destination ethernet addresss, 8 bytes */
    u_short ether_type;                 /* ethernet type, 16 bytes */
}ether_header;

/* four bytes ip address */
typedef struct ip_address {
    u_char byte1;
    u_char byte2;
    u_char byte3;
    u_char byte4;
}ip_address;

/* ipv4 header */
typedef struct ip_header {
    u_char ver_ihl;         /* version and ip header length */
    u_char tos;             /* type of service */
    u_short tlen;           /* total length */
    u_short identification; /* identification */
    u_short flags_fo;       // flags and fragment offset
    u_char ttl;             /* time to live */
    u_char proto;           /* protocol */
    u_short crc;            /* header checksum */
    ip_address saddr;       /* source address */
    ip_address daddr;       /* destination address */
    u_int op_pad;           /* option and padding */
}ip_header;

/* tcp header */
typedef struct tcp_header {
    u_short th_sport;         /* source port */
    u_short th_dport;         /* destination port */
    u_int th_seq;             /* sequence number */
    u_int th_ack;             /* acknowledgement number */
    u_short th_len_resv_code; /* datagram length and reserved code */
    u_short th_window;        /* window */
    u_short th_sum;           /* checksum */
    u_short th_urp;           /* urgent pointer */
}tcp_header;

还有一些重要的识别协议的类型，我们需要自己在代码中进行定义。

#define ETHERTYPE_IP 0x0800 /* ip protocol */
#define TCP_PROTOCAL 0x0600 /* tcp protocol */

接下来再看看刚才所说的程序的逻辑是如何实现的。

1. 判断是否是IP数据包。我们先回顾一下，在RFC 894中定义了以太网的封装格式，由目的地址（6字节）、源地址（6字节）、类型（2字节）、数据以及CRC（4字节）构成。我们只需要关注头部中类型这个字段，当它为0x0800时，表示数据保存的是IP数据报；当它为0x0806时，表示数据保存的是ARP请求/应答；当为0x8035时，数据保存的是RARP请求/应答。所以通过比较它的类型是否为0x0800，从而可以到达目的。

2. 判断是否是TCP分组。跟上面类似，可以通过判断IP首部中协议字段是否为0x0600即可。

3. 判断是否是HTTP报文。根据上面所讲解的HTTP报文格式，我们只需要判断开头是否为"GET"、"POST"、"HTTP/1.1"就可以做到了。具体程序是如何来判断的我们来看看代码吧！

View Code

/* capture packet */
    while((res = pcap_next_ex(adhandle, &pheader, &pkt_data)) >= 0) {

        if(res == 0)
            continue; /* read time out*/

        ether_header * eheader = (ether_header*)pkt_data; /* transform packet data to ethernet header */
        if(eheader->ether_type == htons(ETHERTYPE_IP)) { /* ip packet only */
            ip_header * ih = (ip_header*)(pkt_data+14); /* get ip header */

            if(ih->proto == htons(TCP_PROTOCAL)) { /* tcp packet only */
                    int ip_len = ntohs(ih->tlen); /* get ip length, it contains header and body */

                    int find_http = false;
                    char* ip_pkt_data = http://www.cnblogs.com/blacksword/archive/2012/03/22/(char*)ih;
                    int n = 0;
                    char buffer[BUFFER_MAX_LENGTH];
                    int bufsize = 0;

                    for(; n<ip_len; n++)
                    {
                        /* http get or post request */
                        if(!find_http && ((n+3<ip_len && strncmp(ip_pkt_data+n,"GET",strlen("GET")) ==0 )
                       || (n+4<ip_len && strncmp(ip_pkt_data+n,"POST",strlen("POST")) == 0)) )
                                find_http = true;

                        /* http response */
                        if(!find_http && i+8<ip_len && strncmp(ip_pkt_data+i,"HTTP/1.1",strlen("HTTP/1.1"))==0)
                               find_http = true;

                        /* if http is found */
                        if(find_http)
                        {
                            buffer[bufsize] = ip_pkt_data[n]; /* copy http data to buffer */
                            bufsize ++;
                        }
                    }
                    /* print http content */
                    if(find_http) {
                        buffer[bufsize] = '\0';
                        printf("%s\n", buffer);
                        printf("\n**********************************************\n\n");
                    }
            }
        }
    }

看一下运行后的截图：

这里需要注意的是，程序本质上还没有完全还原HTTP协议的功能，对于HTTP请求数据和响应数据进行解析，真正的应该可以通过Content-Type分析数据格式，并按照相应的解析方式进行解码，还有对于中文字符的处理等等~~最后将整个程序的源码贴出来，有任何意见或建议的可以随意吐槽，虚心接受。ps: 注释写得不全请见谅~~

pheader.h头文件

View Code

#ifndef PHEADER_H_INCLUDED
#define PHEADER_H_INCLUDED
/*
*
*/
#define ETHER_ADDR_LEN 6 /* ethernet address */
#define ETHERTYPE_IP 0x0800 /* ip protocol */
#define TCP_PROTOCAL 0x0600 /* tcp protocol */
#define BUFFER_MAX_LENGTH 65536 /* buffer max length */
#define true 1  /* define true */
#define false 0 /* define false */

/*
* define struct of ethernet header , ip address , ip header and tcp header
*/
/* ethernet header */
typedef struct ether_header {
    u_char ether_shost[ETHER_ADDR_LEN]; /* source ethernet address, 8 bytes */
    u_char ether_dhost[ETHER_ADDR_LEN]; /* destination ethernet addresss, 8 bytes */
    u_short ether_type;                 /* ethernet type, 16 bytes */
}ether_header;

/* four bytes ip address */
typedef struct ip_address {
    u_char byte1;
    u_char byte2;
    u_char byte3;
    u_char byte4;
}ip_address;

/* ipv4 header */
typedef struct ip_header {
    u_char ver_ihl;         /* version and ip header length */
    u_char tos;             /* type of service */
    u_short tlen;           /* total length */
    u_short identification; /* identification */
    u_short flags_fo;       // flags and fragment offset
    u_char ttl;             /* time to live */
    u_char proto;           /* protocol */
    u_short crc;            /* header checksum */
    ip_address saddr;       /* source address */
    ip_address daddr;       /* destination address */
    u_int op_pad;           /* option and padding */
}ip_header;

/* tcp header */
typedef struct tcp_header {
    u_short th_sport;         /* source port */
    u_short th_dport;         /* destination port */
    u_int th_seq;             /* sequence number */
    u_int th_ack;             /* acknowledgement number */
    u_short th_len_resv_code; /* datagram length and reserved code */
    u_short th_window;        /* window */
    u_short th_sum;           /* checksum */
    u_short th_urp;           /* urgent pointer */
}tcp_header;

#endif // PHEADER_H_INCLUDED

main.c文件

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define HAVE_REMOTE
#include <pcap.h>
#include "pheader.h"

/*
* function: a simple program to analyze http
* author: blacksword
* date: Wed March 21 2012
*/
int main()
{
    pcap_if_t* alldevs; // list of all devices
    pcap_if_t* d; // device you chose

    pcap_t* adhandle;

    char errbuf[PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE]; //error buffer
    int i=0;
    int inum;

    struct pcap_pkthdr *pheader; /* packet header */
    const u_char * pkt_data; /* packet data */
    int res;

    /* pcap_findalldevs_ex got something wrong */
    if (pcap_findalldevs_ex(PCAP_SRC_IF_STRING, NULL /* auth is not needed*/, &alldevs, errbuf) == -1)
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "Error in pcap_findalldevs_ex: %s\n", errbuf);
        exit(1);
    }

    /* print the list of all devices */
    for(d = alldevs; d != NULL; d = d->next)
    {
        printf("%d. %s", ++i, d->name); // print device name , which starts with "rpcap://"
        if(d->description)
            printf(" (%s)\n", d->description); // print device description
        else
            printf(" (No description available)\n");
    }

    /* no interface found */
    if (i == 0)
    {
        printf("\nNo interface found! Make sure Winpcap is installed.\n");
        return -1;
    }

    printf("Enter the interface number (1-%d):", i);
    scanf("%d", &inum);

    if(inum < 1 || inum > i)
    {
        printf("\nInterface number out of range.\n");
        pcap_freealldevs(alldevs);
        return -1;
    }

    for(d=alldevs, i=0; i < inum-1; d=d->next, i++); /* jump to the selected interface */

    /* open the selected interface*/
    if((adhandle = pcap_open(d->name, /* the interface name */
                 65536, /* length of packet that has to be retained */
                 PCAP_OPENFLAG_PROMISCUOUS, /* promiscuous mode */
                 1000, /* read time out */
                 NULL, /* auth */
                 errbuf /* error buffer */
                 )) == NULL)
                 {
                     fprintf(stderr, "\nUnable to open the adapter. %s is not supported by Winpcap\n",
                             d->description);
                     return -1;
                 }

    printf("\nListening on %s...\n", d->description);

    pcap_freealldevs(alldevs); // release device list

    /* capture packet */
    while((res = pcap_next_ex(adhandle, &pheader, &pkt_data)) >= 0) {

        if(res == 0)
            continue; /* read time out*/

        ether_header * eheader = (ether_header*)pkt_data; /* transform packet data to ethernet header */
        if(eheader->ether_type == htons(ETHERTYPE_IP)) { /* ip packet only */
            ip_header * ih = (ip_header*)(pkt_data+14); /* get ip header */

            if(ih->proto == htons(TCP_PROTOCAL)) { /* tcp packet only */
                    int ip_len = ntohs(ih->tlen); /* get ip length, it contains header and body */

                    int find_http = false;
                    char* ip_pkt_data = http://www.cnblogs.com/blacksword/archive/2012/03/22/(char*)ih;
                    int n = 0;
                    char buffer[BUFFER_MAX_LENGTH];
                    int bufsize = 0;

                    for(; n<ip_len; n++)
                    {
                        /* http get or post request */
                        if(!find_http && ((n+3<ip_len && strncmp(ip_pkt_data+n,"GET",strlen("GET")) ==0 )
                       || (n+4<ip_len && strncmp(ip_pkt_data+n,"POST",strlen("POST")) == 0)) )
                                find_http = true;

                        /* http response */
                        if(!find_http && i+8<ip_len && strncmp(ip_pkt_data+i,"HTTP/1.1",strlen("HTTP/1.1"))==0)
                               find_http = true;

                        /* if http is found */
                        if(find_http)
                        {
                            buffer[bufsize] = ip_pkt_data[n]; /* copy http data to buffer */
                            bufsize ++;
                        }
                    }
                    /* print http content */
                    if(find_http) {
                        buffer[bufsize] = '\0';
                        printf("%s\n", buffer);
                        printf("\n**********************************************\n\n");
                    }
            }
        }
    }

    return 0;
}