Python Basics

python 知识点整理（一）

本文只是对python部分知识点进行学习和整理
本篇主要是针对python的基本信息的总结

interpreter and compiler 解释器和编译器

compiler: C/C++ (一种代码语言到另一种代码语言 再到平台进行运行操作 产物为 [另一种代码])
interpreter: Python （直接进行相关的代码操作 产物为 [运行结果]）

elements of python

variables/reserved words

存放在memory的一个命名空间 可以存储数据并被修改数据

valid syntax patterns语法模式

program -interactive/script

python flow (mainly in part2)

• sequential flow
• conditional flow -if /elif/else
• repeated flow

constants & variable

constants

• fixed values
• string constants use the (“”) or （‘’）

rules for defining variables in Python

部分名字不可以被称作变量名：
eg: False True None and as assert break ···

statement /assignment

assignment statement

can be retrieved from located memory 值会被改变

x=10
print(x)
x=100-10+x*3-x/10
print(x)

cascaded assignment 级联

multiple variables can be set as the same value by using single assignment statement

z=y=x=2+7+2
x,y,z

simultaneous assignment

value of two variables can be changed

a="deepsecret"
b="you'll never guess"
b,a=a,b #exchange the vari
c=12
d=34
d,c=c,d#exchange

augmented assignment 增量赋值

x+=1 等价于 x=x+1
x-=2x7 等价于 x=x-(2x7)

x1=22
x1+=7

order evaluation (operator precedence)运算优先级

• highest to lowest
  • parenthesis are always with highest priority （）最高优先级
  • power **乘积
  • multiplication division remainder 乘除余
  • addition subtraction 加减
  • left to right

division : floor division&divmod

• three different kinds of division:
  • floor division（//）
  • divition
  • divmod()

for the floor division, pay attention to the data type

#floor division
print(143//25)
print(143.4//25)#float
print(9//2.5)#float

5
5.0
3.0

#int
print(256//10)
#float
print(256/10)
#商&余数
divmod(143,25)#5,18

25
25.6
(5, 18)

data type

type matters

• Some operations are prohibited on certain types
• cannot ‘add1’ to the string
• check the type by type()
• type of variable can be changed and will be determined by the value that is last assigned to the variable

type conversion

• Use int() & float() to convert other data type to integer & float
• convert numbers into strin using function str()

string operations

• ‘+’ 连接
• '*'多项连接

str1='abc'
str2='def'
str3='hij'
str1+str2+str3

'abcdefhij'

input & output

input():get a string

eval()

返回传入字符串的表达式的结果。就是说：将字符串当成有效的表达式 来求值 并 返回计算结果。

eval函数就是实现list、dict、tuple与str之间的转化，同样str函数把list，dict，tuple转为为字符串

string="12+7"
print(string)
print(eval(string))
print(string,"=",eval(string))

12+7
19
12+7 = 19