Linux命令之——setfacl,getfacl

霜逝春华

于 2024-09-05 14:46:05 发布

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文章标签： linux 运维服务器

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/emptysunnine/article/details/141929416

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Linux在权限管理中，有许多能够管理用户访问文件的权限命令，例如：chown、chgrp、chown、chmod等等，这些方式都能实现对应的权限控制问题。但是这些方式都仅允许在文件或目录上设置基本的所有者、所属组和权限（读、写、执行）。这些命令通过用户、组和其他的权限模型来控制访问。

一、setfacl的优势：

1.更细粒度的权限控制

ACL（通过 setfacl 设置）允许为文件和目录的多个用户和组设置更细粒度的权限。你可以为特定用户或组指定特定的权限，而不仅仅是所有者和所属组。

2.支持多个用户和组

传统权限模型只能指定一个文件的所有者和一个组。这限制了对复杂权限结构的支持。

ACL 允许为多个用户和组分别设置不同的权限。这对于需要复杂权限配置的环境非常有用，例如当一个文件需要允许多个用户不同级别的访问权限时：

setfacl -m g:groupname:rx file.txt

这条命令为用户组 groupname 设置 file.txt 文件的读和执行权限。

3.简化复杂环境中的权限管理

在需要细粒度控制和管理权限的复杂环境中，例如多用户系统或共享目录，setfacl 提供了比传统权限命令更强大和灵活的解决方案。除此之外，ACL还支持许多现代的文件系统，如 ext4、xfs 和 btrfs 都有对 ACL 的支持。因此，使用 ACL 可以在这些文件系统上更好地管理权限。

二、setfacl的描述

通过man setfacl这条命令我们能够得到其具体描述：

英文描述

DESCRIPTION

This utility sets Access Control Lists (ACLs) of files and directories. On the command line, a sequence of commands is followed by a sequence of files (which in turn can be followed by another sequence of commands, ...). The options -m, and -x expect an ACL on the command line. Multiple ACL entries are separated by comma characters (,'). The options -M, and -X read an ACL from a file or from standard input. The ACL entry format is described in Section ACL ENTRIES. The --set and --set-file options set the ACL of a file or a directory. The previous ACL is replaced. ACL entries for this operation must include permissions. The -m (--modify) and -M (--modify-file) options modify the ACL of a file or directory. ACL entries for this operation must include permissions. The -x (--remove) and -X (--remove-file) options remove ACL entries. It is not an error to remove an entry which does not exist. Only ACL entries without the perms field are accepted as parameters, unless POSIXLY_CORRECT is defined. When reading from files using the -M, and -X options, setfacl accepts the output getfacl produces. There is at most one ACL entry per line. After a Pound sign (#'), everything up to the end of the line is treated as a comment. If setfacl is used on a file system which does not support ACLs, setfacl operates on the file mode permission bits. If the ACL does not fit completely in the permission bits, setfacl modifies the file mode permission bits to reflect the ACL as closely as possible, writes an error message to standard error, and returns with an exit status greater than 0.

PERMISSIONS

The file owner and processes capable of CAP_FOWNER are granted the right to modify ACLs of a file. This is analogous to the permissions required for accessing the file mode. (On current Linux systems, root is the only user with the CAP_FOWNER capability.)