1.结构体
#include <iostream>
#include <string>//注意要加字符串的头文件
using namespace std;
//结构体 struct 结构体 {结构体成员列表};
//创建一个学生类型
struct Student //要在头文件和命名定义完后写才是有效的
{
string name;//char是字符,string是字符串
int age;
int score;
}s3;
//通过学生类型创建具体的学生
/*
通过结构体创建变量的方式:
struct结构体名 变量名
struct结构体名 变量名 = {成员1值,成员2值...}
定义结构体时顺便创建变量
*/
int main()
{
//1.struct结构体名 变量名
//结构体变量创建时关键字可以省略,但结构体定义时不可以省略
Student s1;
//给s1属性赋值
s1.name = "张三";//通过点访问结构体变量中的属性
s1.age = 21;
s1.score = 100;
cout <<"姓名:"<<s1.name << " 年龄:" << s1.age << " 成绩:" << s1.score << endl;
//2.struct结构体名 变量名 = {成员1值,成员2值...}
struct Student s2 = {"李四",19,95};//没赋值的时候会报警告
cout << "姓名:" << s2.name << " 年龄:" << s2.age << " 成绩:" << s2.score << endl;
//3.定义结构体时顺便创建变量
s3.name = "王五";
s3.age = 20;
s3.score = 80;
cout << "姓名:" << s3.name << " 年龄:" << s3.age << " 成绩:" << s3.score << endl;
system("pause");
return 0;
}
//结构体变量 属性 对象
2.结构体数组
//结构体数组
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#include <string>
struct Student
{
string name;
int age;
int score;
};
int main()
{
struct Student stuArray[3] =
{
{"张三",18,100},
{"李四",28,99}
};
//stuArray[2].name = "王五";
//stuArray[2].age = 30;
//stuArray[2].score = 97;
stuArray[2] = {"王五",30,97};
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
{
//允许换行操作,会更工整
cout << "姓名:" << stuArray[i].name
<< "年龄:" << stuArray[i].age
<< "分数:" << stuArray[i].score << endl;
}
system("pause");
return 0;
}
3.结构体指针
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#include <string>
struct Student
{
string name;
int age;
int score;
};
int main()
{
//1.创建学生结构体变量
struct Student s = {"张三",18,100};
//2.通过指针指向结构体变量
struct Student * p = &s;
//3.通过指针访问结构体变量中的数据
cout << "姓名:" << p->name << " 年龄:" << p->age << " 分数:" << p->score << endl;
system("pause");
return 0;
}
4.结构体做函数参数
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#include <string>
struct Student
{
string name;
int age;
int score;
};
void Printf(struct Student s)//值传递 形参变实参不变
{
cout << "姓名:" << s.name << " 年龄:" << s.age << " 成绩:" << s.score << endl;
};
void Printf2(struct Student * s)//地址传递
{
cout << "姓名:" << s->name << " 年龄:" << s->age << " 成绩:" << s->score << endl;
};
int main()
{
Student s = {"张三",18,100};
//cout << "姓名:" << s.name << " 年龄:" << s.age << " 成绩:" << s.score << endl;
Printf(s);//值传递
Printf2(&s);//地址传递
system("pause");
return 0;
}