Handler+ExecutorService(线程池)+MessageQueue模式+缓存模式
http://www.eoeandroid.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=210082&fromuid=502898
Handler+Runnable模式
我们先看一个并不是异步线程加载的例子,使用 Handler+Runnable模式。
这里为何不是新开线程的原因请参看这篇文章:Android Runnable 运行在那个线程 这里的代码其实是在UI 主线程中下载图片的,而不是新开线程。
我们运行下面代码时,会发现他其实是阻塞了整个界面的显示,需要所有图片都加载完成后,才能显示界面。
- package com.example.threadpool;
- import java.net.URL;
- import android.os.Bundle;
- import android.os.Handler;
- import android.app.Activity;
- import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable;
- import android.util.Log;
- import android.view.Menu;
- import android.view.View;
- import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
- import android.widget.Button;
- import android.widget.ImageView;
- public class MainActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener{
- Button downImage,removeImage;
- private Handler handler = new Handler();
- @Override
- protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
- downImage= (Button) findViewById(R.id.downImage);
- removeImage=(Button) findViewById(R.id.removeImgae);
- downImage.setOnClickListener(this);
- removeImage.setOnClickListener(this);
- }
- @Override
- public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
- // Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.
- getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.main, menu);
- return true;
- }
- /**
- * 处理按钮点击事件
- */
- @Override
- public void onClick(View v) {
- switch (v.getId()) {
- case R.id.downImage:
- try {
- loadImage("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif",R.id.image1);
- loadImage("http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/images/logo_new.gif",R.id.image2);
- loadImage("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif",R.id.image3);
- loadImage("http://csdnimg.cn/www/images/csdnindex_logo.gif",R.id.image4);
- loadImage("http://images.cnblogs.com/logo_small.gif",R.id.image5);
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- break;
- case R.id.removeImgae:
- removeImage(R.id.image1);
- removeImage(R.id.image2);
- removeImage(R.id.image3);
- removeImage(R.id.image4);
- removeImage(R.id.image5);
- break;
- }
- }
- /**
- * 清除下载的图片
- * @param id
- */
- private void removeImage(final int id) {
- handler.post(new Runnable() {
- @Override
- public void run() {
- // TODO Auto-generated method stub
- ImageView image =(ImageView) findViewById(id);
- image.setImageDrawable(null);
- }
- });
- }
- /**
- * 下载图片
- * @param url
- * @param id
- * @throws IOException
- */
- private void loadImage(final String url, final int id) throws Exception {
- handler.post(new Runnable() {
- @Override
- public void run() {
- // TODO Auto-generated method stub
- Drawable drawable = null;
- try {
- drawable = Drawable.createFromStream( new URL(url).openStream(), "image.png");
- } catch (Exception e) {
- // TODO Auto-generated catch block
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- if (drawable==null) {
- Log.v("test", " drawable is null");
- } else {
- Log.v("test", " drawable is not drawable");
- }
- ((ImageView) MainActivity.this.findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(drawable);
- }
- });
- }
- }
Handler+Thread+Message模式
这种模式使用了线程,所以可以看到异步加载的效果。
核心代码:
- package com.example.threadpool;
- import java.net.URL;
- import android.app.Activity;
- import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable;
- import android.os.Bundle;
- import android.os.Handler;
- import android.os.Message;
- import android.util.Log;
- import android.view.View;
- import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
- import android.widget.Button;
- import android.widget.ImageView;
- public class MainActivity2 extends Activity implements OnClickListener {
- Button downImage, removeImage;
- Handler handler = new Handler() {
- @Override
- public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
- super.handleMessage(msg);
- switch (msg.what) {
- case 100:
- Drawable drawable = (Drawable) msg.obj;
- int id = msg.arg1;
- ImageView image = (ImageView) MainActivity2.this.findViewById(id);
- image.setImageDrawable(drawable);
- break;
- case 200:
- ImageView image2=(ImageView) msg.obj;
- image2.setImageDrawable(null);
- break;
- }
- }
- };
- @Override
- protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- // TODO Auto-generated method stub
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
- downImage = (Button) findViewById(R.id.downImage);
- removeImage = (Button) findViewById(R.id.removeImgae);
- downImage.setOnClickListener(this);
- removeImage.setOnClickListener(this);
- }
- @Override
- public void onClick(View v) {
- // TODO Auto-generated method stub
- switch (v.getId()) {
- case R.id.downImage:
- try {
- loadImage("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif",
- R.id.image1);
- loadImage("http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/images/logo_new.gif",
- R.id.image2);
- loadImage("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif",
- R.id.image3);
- loadImage("http://csdnimg.cn/www/images/csdnindex_logo.gif",
- R.id.image4);
- loadImage("http://images.cnblogs.com/logo_small.gif",
- R.id.image5);
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- break;
- case R.id.removeImgae:
- removeImage(R.id.image1);
- removeImage(R.id.image2);
- removeImage(R.id.image3);
- removeImage(R.id.image4);
- removeImage(R.id.image5);
- break;
- }
- }
- private void removeImage(final int id) {
- Thread thread= new Thread(){
- @Override
- public void run() {
- ImageView image = (ImageView) findViewById(id);
- Message message = handler.obtainMessage();
- message.obj=image;
- message.what=200;
- handler.sendMessage(message);
- Log.v("test", "清空下载的图片");
- }
- };
- thread.start();
- thread=null;
- }
- private void loadImage(final String url, final int id) {
- Thread thread = new Thread() {
- @Override
- public void run() {
- try {
- Drawable drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(url)
- .openStream(), "image/png");
- Message message = handler.obtainMessage();
- message.obj = drawable;
- message.arg1 = id;
- message.what = 100;
- handler.sendMessage(message);
- } catch (Exception e) {
- Log.v("test","线程挂了");
- }
- }
- };
- thread.start();
- thread = null;
- }
- }
这时候我们可以看到实现了异步加载, 界面打开时,五个ImageView都是没有图的,然后在各自线程下载完后才把图自动更新上去。
Handler+ExecutorService(线程池)+MessageQueue模式能开线程的个数毕竟是有限的,我们总不能开很多线程,对于手机更是如此。
这个例子是使用线程池。Android拥有与Java相同的ExecutorService实现,我们就来用它。
线程池的基本思想还是一种对象池的思想,开辟一块内存空间,里面存放了众多(未死亡)的线程,池中线程执行调度由池管理器来处理。当有线程任务时,从池中取一个,执行完成后线程对象归池,这样可以避免反复创建线程对象所带来的性能开销,节省了系统的资源。
线程池的信息可以参看这篇文章:Java&Android的线程池-ExecutorService 下面的演示例子是创建一个可重用固定线程数的线程池。
- package com.example.threadpool;
- import java.net.URL;
- import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
- import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
- import android.app.Activity;
- import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable;
- import android.os.Bundle;
- import android.os.Handler;
- import android.os.SystemClock;
- import android.util.Log;
- import android.view.View;
- import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
- import android.widget.Button;
- import android.widget.ImageView;
- public class MainActivity3 extends Activity implements OnClickListener {
- Button downimage,removeimage;
- private Handler handler = new Handler();
- private ExecutorService service= Executors.newFixedThreadPool(5);
- @Override
- protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- // TODO Auto-generated method stub
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
- downimage =(Button) findViewById(R.id.downImage);
- removeimage =(Button) findViewById(R.id.removeImgae);
- downimage.setOnClickListener(this);
- removeimage.setOnClickListener(this);
- }
- @Override
- public void onClick(View v) {
- switch (v.getId()) {
- case R.id.downImage:
- try {
- loadImage("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif",
- R.id.image1);
- loadImage("http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/images/logo_new.gif",
- R.id.image2);
- loadImage("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif",
- R.id.image3);
- loadImage("http://csdnimg.cn/www/images/csdnindex_logo.gif",
- R.id.image4);
- loadImage("http://images.cnblogs.com/logo_small.gif",
- R.id.image5);
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- Log.v("test", "加载地址和id号时发生了异常,请查找原因");
- }
- break;
- case R.id.removeImgae:
- removeImage(R.id.image1);
- removeImage(R.id.image2);
- removeImage(R.id.image3);
- removeImage(R.id.image4);
- removeImage(R.id.image5);
- break;
- }
- }
- private void removeImage(final int id) {
- service.submit(new Runnable() {
- @Override
- public void run() {
- final ImageView image= (ImageView) findViewById(id);
- handler.post(new Runnable() {
- @Override
- public void run() {
- //主线程中更新数据
- image.setImageDrawable(null);
- }
- });
- }
- });
- }
- private void loadImage(final String url, final int id) throws Exception {
- service.submit(new Runnable() {
- @Override
- public void run() {
- try {
- final Drawable drawable = Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(url).openStream() , "image/png");
- SystemClock.sleep(1000);
- handler.post(new Runnable() {
- @Override
- public void run() {
- //主线程中更新数据
- ImageView image= (ImageView) MainActivity3.this.findViewById(id);
- image.setImageDrawable(drawable);
- }
- });
- } catch (Exception e) {
- Log.v("test", "线程池挂了,请查看一下代码");
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- });
- }
- }
这里我们象第一步一样使用了 handler.post(new Runnable() { 更新前段显示当然是在UI主线程,我们还有 executorService.submit(new Runnable() { 来确保下载是在线程池的线程中。
Handler+ExecutorService(线程池)+MessageQueue+缓存模式下面比起前一个做了几个改造:
- 把整个代码封装在一个类中
- 为了避免出现同时多次下载同一幅图的问题,使用了本地缓存
封装的类:
- package com.example.imageloader;
- import java.lang.ref.SoftReference;
- import java.net.URL;
- import java.util.HashMap;
- import java.util.Map;
- import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
- import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
- import com.example.interfaces.ImageCallback;
- import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable;
- import android.os.Handler;
- import android.os.SystemClock;
- import android.util.Log;
- public class AsyncImageLoader {
- private Map<String, SoftReference<Drawable>> map = new HashMap<String, SoftReference<Drawable>>();
- private ExecutorService service = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);
- private final Handler handler= new Handler();
- /**
- *
- * @param url 图片url
- * @param callback 回调接口
- * @return
- */
- public Drawable getLoadImage(final String url, final ImageCallback callback){
- //判断内存中是否有图片
- SoftReference<Drawable> drawable= map.get(url);
- if (drawable.get()!=null) { //判断内存中是否已经存在照片,存在就将内存中的照片直接返回
- return drawable.get();
- }
- //内存中没有照片,直接从网上去取
- service.submit(new Runnable() {
- @Override
- public void run() {
- final Drawable drawable =LoadImageCash(url); //从网络上拿到图片
- Log.v("test", "get image");
- map.put(url, new SoftReference<Drawable>(drawable)); //把网址和图片存放到Map集合中,第二次直接从Map中取数据
- handler.post(new Runnable() {
- @Override
- public void run() {
- callback.ImageLoad(drawable);
- }
- });
- }
- });
- return null;
- }
- protected Drawable LoadImageCash(String url) {
- try {
- SystemClock.sleep(2000);
- return Drawable.createFromStream(new URL(url).openStream(), "image.png");
- } catch (Exception e) {
- // TODO Auto-generated catch block
- throw new RuntimeException(e);
- }
- }
- }
- package com.example.interfaces;
- import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable;
- public interface ImageCallback {
- public void ImageLoad(Drawable drawable);
- }
说明:
final参数是指当函数参数为final类型时,你可以读取使用该参数,但是无法改变该参数的值。参看:Java关键字final、static使用总结
这里使用SoftReference 是为了解决内存不足的错误(OutOfMemoryError)的,更详细的可以参看:内存优化的两个类:SoftReference 和 WeakReference
前段调用:
- package com.example.threadpool;
- import com.example.imageloader.AsyncImageLoader;
- import com.example.interfaces.ImageCallback;
- import android.app.Activity;
- import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable;
- import android.os.Bundle;
- import android.util.Log;
- import android.view.View;
- import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
- import android.widget.Button;
- import android.widget.ImageView;
- public class MainActivity4 extends Activity implements OnClickListener {
- Button downButton,removeButton;
- @Override
- protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
- downButton=(Button) findViewById(R.id.downImage);
- removeButton=(Button) findViewById(R.id.removeImgae);
- downButton.setOnClickListener(this);
- removeButton.setOnClickListener(this);
- }
- @Override
- public void onClick(View v) {
- switch (v.getId()) {
- case R.id.downImage:
- try {
- loadImage("http://www.baidu.com/img/baidu_logo.gif",
- R.id.image1);
- loadImage("http://www.chinatelecom.com.cn/images/logo_new.gif",
- R.id.image2);
- loadImage("http://cache.soso.com/30d/img/web/logo.gif",
- R.id.image3);
- loadImage("http://csdnimg.cn/www/images/csdnindex_logo.gif",
- R.id.image4);
- loadImage("http://images.cnblogs.com/logo_small.gif",
- R.id.image5);
- System.out.println("start download image");
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- Log.v("test", "not get image");
- }
- break;
- case R.id.removeImgae:
- removeImage(R.id.image1);
- removeImage(R.id.image2);
- removeImage(R.id.image3);
- removeImage(R.id.image4);
- removeImage(R.id.image5);
- System.out.println("start delete image");
- break;
- }
- }
- private void removeImage(int id) {
- ImageView imageView = (ImageView) findViewById(id);
- imageView.setImageDrawable(null);
- }
- private AsyncImageLoader asyncImageLoader = new AsyncImageLoader();
- private void loadImage(final String url, final int id) {
- Drawable chaheimage= asyncImageLoader.getLoadImage(url,
- new ImageCallback() { // 如果是首次访问网络,将执行这个地方的
- @Override
- public void ImageLoad(Drawable drawable) {
- ((ImageView)MainActivity4.this.findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(drawable);
- Log.v("test", "frist to internet");
- }
- });
- if (chaheimage!=null) {
- ((ImageView)MainActivity4.this.findViewById(id)).setImageDrawable(chaheimage);
- }
- }
- }